2025版高考英語總復習Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars教學案新人教版必修3

PAGEPAGE1Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsStep1課前打算——單元考點自查自測1.詞匯分層級識記過關2.語境活用填寫過關3.經(jīng)典句式背誦仿寫過關4.類詞巧積累事半功倍(一)分門別類攻單詞——識形辨意·拓展應用(二)寫用結合記短語——譯寫短語·語境活用(三)仿寫活用練句式——經(jīng)典句型·仿寫背誦Step2課堂探究——核心考點點點突破1.重點難點考點學通練透2.歸納總結拓綻開闊視野3.方法規(guī)律技巧權威點撥4.四平八穩(wěn)打創(chuàng)高效課堂第一時段Warmingup&Reading1．harmfuladj.有害的[教材原句]Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.許多科學家信任，由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質溶解在海洋里。(1)beharmfulto對……有害(2)harmlessadj.無害的(3)harmn.&vt.損害(4)cause/doharmto...對……造成損害/有害doharmtosb.＝dosb.harm對某人有危害meannoharm無惡意Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒有害處單句語法填空①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,whichisvery________(harm)totheirhealth.②Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causingseriousharm__________theenvironment.③Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharm________callinghim.[答案]①harmful②to③in2．existvi.存在；生存[教材原句]Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它們也下蛋，在地球上生存了一億四千多萬年。(1)existin存在于……之中existon靠……為生Thereexists...某地有……；存在……(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence產(chǎn)生；成立；起先存在(3)existingadj.現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)行的單句語法填空①Thetwosideshavereachedapartialagreement,butthereisadifferencestill________(exist)betweenthem.②Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameinto________(exist)．③Hefindsithardtoexist________themoneyhe'searning.④Thecustomofarrangedmarriagesstillexists________manycountries.[答案]①existing②existence③on④in[學問顧問]exist為不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，也不用于進行時態(tài)。3．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)犯難n．謎；難題；(嬉戲的)猜謎[教材原句]Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.地球上生命如何起源是科學家們覺得很難解決的最大的難題之一。(1)inapuzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好(be)apuzzletosb...……對某人來說仍是個謎(2)puzzleabout/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的puzzledadj.感到迷惑的bepuzzledabout對……迷惑不解單句語法填空①Thepolicearestillpuzzling________howtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.②Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsapuzzle________us.③Whenthelittlegirlwasaskedsucha________(puzzle)question,shestoodtherewithasurprisedlookonherface.④Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,looking________(puzzle)．[答案]①about/over②to③puzzling④puzzled[思維發(fā)散]過去分詞形式的形容詞，如puzzled,confused,frightened,excited,surprised等，除了可以用來描述人的心理活動以外，還可以用來修飾與人有關的一些名詞，如look,voice,smile,expression,face等。4．intime剛好；最終；遲早[教材原句]Theywereintimetoproducecarbondioxide,nitrogen,watervaporandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.它們最終產(chǎn)生了二氧化碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。(1)intime作“最終；遲早”講時，常單獨運用，作狀語。(2)intime作“剛好”講時，后常跟forsth.或todosth.。單句語法填空①You'llsucceed________timeasyoudon'tgiveup.②Thedoctorcameintime________(save)hislife.③Luckforhim,hewasjustintime________thebus.[答案]①in②tosave③for[思維發(fā)散]①fromtimetotime有時；間或②atatime每次③innotime立即；立刻④atthesametime同時⑤atonetime一度；從前⑥atnotime絕不(置于句首時，句子常用部分倒裝語序)5．inone'sturn輪到某人；接著[教材原句]Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，它們接著成了這個行星上最重要的動物。inturn依次；輪番；反之；相應地byturns輪番；交替地taketurnstodosth.輪番做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat...結果……單句語法填空①Alltheoriescomefrompracticeand________turnservepractice.②Ithinkit'smyturn________(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.③Theytookcareofthedisabledoldmanby________(turn)．④Theyhadtotaketurns________(look)afterthepatients.⑤Nowthatwehavefinisheddesigning,thecompany,________itsturn,shoulddotheconstructingwork.完成句子⑥________________________________________thisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman'sson.結果，這位年輕人正是這位老人的兒子。[答案]①in②todrive③turns④tolook⑤in⑥Itturnedoutthat[學問顧問]byturns是“交替；輪番”的意思，多指兩個人或兩個行為之間的交替進行；假如表示“按依次”則應當用inturn。6．prevent...from阻擋；制止[教材原句]Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.他們把過多的二氧化碳排放到大氣層中，這使得地球上的熱量不能釋放到太空中去。stop...from(doing)sth.制止……keep...from(doing)sth.阻擋……protect...from/against(doing)sth.愛護……免受……損害單句語法填空①(2024·天津卷)Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefrom________(do)so.②Thelawsprotecteveryoneherefrom____________(attack)．③Hewaspreventedbyillness________comingtoourbirthdayparty.④Tokeepwarm,hekeptthefire________(burn)allthenight.[答案]①doing②beingattacked③from④burning[易錯提示]preventsb.(from)doing＝stopsb.(from)doing＝keepsb.fromdoing阻擋某人做……(在主動語態(tài)中，與stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略；在被動語態(tài)中from均不行省略。7．“make＋it＋adj./n.＋todo”句式[教材原句]Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.這就產(chǎn)生了連鎖反應，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。(1)makeitpossibleforlifetodevelop屬于“v.(動詞)＋it＋adj./n.(賓補)＋todo/that從句”結構。該結構中，it作形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式或that從句。①Masteringthetechnology______________________________forustousetheInternetmoreeffectively.精通這項技術可能會讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡。(2)在“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構中，賓語補足語可由名詞或形容詞、不帶to的不定式、過去分詞或介詞短語充當。②Praise__________________________andbadmenworse.[諺語]表揚能使好人更好，壞人更壞。③Thepolice____________________________againstthewall.＝Theyweremadebythepolice_____________againstthewall.警察強迫他們靠墻站著。(3)當該結構的賓語是不定式短語或從句時，多用it作形式賓語，而把不定式短語或從句后置。即：make＋it＋賓語補足語＋不定式短語或從句(賓語補足語由名詞或形容詞充當)。常用于此結構中的動詞還有：think,believe,find,consider,feel等。④I__________________________thesewordsinashorttime.我發(fā)覺在短時間內記住這些詞很難。[答案]①makesitpossible②makesgoodmenbetter③madethemstand;tostand④findithardtoremember[方法規(guī)律]當“make＋賓語＋dosth.”變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式符號“to”要還原，不能省略。語境串考點(語法填空)Nooneknowsexactlywhentheearthbegan1.____________(exist).Theearthwasjustacloudofdustafterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywere2.____________timetoproducemanythings,3.____________weretomaketheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearon4.____________(it)surface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve5.____________(harm)gasesandacids.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggest6.____________(puzzle)thatscientistsfoundhardtosolve.Smallplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe7.____________(develop)ofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalsappearedaftergreenplantsappeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadallovertheearth.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfrom8.____________(escape)fromtheearthintospace.9.____________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan10.____________(solve).[答案]1.toexist2.in3.which4.its5.harmful6.puzzles7.development8.escaping9.Whether10.besolved其次時段LearningaboutLanguage&UsingLanguage1．crashvi.&vt.碰撞；墜落n．(汽車的)撞車事故；(飛機的)失事；撞擊聲[教材原句]Otherscientistsbelievethatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance.其他科學家認為很久以前一顆彗星與地球相撞導致了(恐龍)滅亡。crashinto/onto...撞到……里/上withacrash轟隆一聲完成句子①Hewitnessedaserioustrain________today.Twotrains________eachotherandletoutaloud________.今日他目睹了一起火車相撞事故。兩列火車彼此撞在了一起，發(fā)出了很大的爆裂聲。②Thetreefell_________________________allofasudden.突然，那棵樹嘩啦一聲倒了下來。[答案]①crash;crashedinto;crash②withagreatcrash2．pulln.&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力[教材原句]Astherocketroseintotheair,wewerepushedbackintoourseatsbecauseweweretryingtoescapethepulloftheearth'sgravity.隨著火箭升入太空，由于我們在努力擺脫地球的引力，我們被向后推在座位上。pulloff脫(衣、帽等)pullthrough康復；完成；使渡過難關pullin(火車)進站；(船)靠岸pullup停車；停住pulldown拆毀用pull構成短語的適當形式填空①Ididn'tnoticethetrainhadalready____________.②Thedriver____________attheschoolgate.③Theoldhousewas____________lastweek.④Everyonewasveryconcernedwhetherthepatientwould____________ornot.[答案]①pulledin②pulledup③pulleddown④pullthrough3．cheerup感到興奮；感到激昂；(使)激昂[教材原句]Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.我立即感到很興奮，由于失重我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月球越來越大。(1)cheersb.up使某人振作起來cheersb.on(競賽中)以喝彩聲激勵；為某人加油cheerfor(用歡呼、喝彩等)支持(某競賽者)(2)Cheers干杯！單句語法填空①WhenI'mfeelingsad,mymothertellsmefunnystoriestocheerme________.②Theygatheredroundtheswimmingpoolandcheeredher________.③Let'sgotothefootballgameandcheer________ourschoolteam.[答案]①up②on③for[學問顧問]cheerup既可以用作及物動詞短語，也可用作不及物動詞短語。4．breakout爆發(fā)；突發(fā)[教材原句]Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth'sgravityincreased.我們驚異地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。breakawayfrom脫離/擺脫……breakdown出故障；壞掉；失?。?健康等)垮掉breakin插話；破門而入breakinto破門而入breakup打碎；結束用break構成短語的適當形式填空①TheAnti－JapaneseWar____________in1937.②Afterthefire____________inthelab,alotofequipmentwasdestroyed.③Thethief____________thesupermarketandstolemanygoods.④Hisplan____________，sohehadtostartfromtheverybeginning.[答案]①brokeout②brokeout③brokeinto④brokedown5．倍數(shù)的表達方式[教材原句]ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.但當我試圖往前走時，我發(fā)覺自己被帶到一個步幅相當于地球上兩倍遠的地方并且摔倒了。(1)twiceasfaras...屬于“倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級＋as...”結構，是一種倍數(shù)的表示方法。①Thistreeis___________________________thatone.這棵樹是那棵樹的三倍高。(2)倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than...。②Thepopulationnowinthisvillageis__________tenyearsago.現(xiàn)在這個村莊的人口是十年前的五倍。(3)倍數(shù)＋thesize/length/height/widthof＋另一比較對象。③It'ssaidthatthepowerplantisnow________________itwas.據(jù)說這個發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過去的兩倍大。(4)倍數(shù)＋what從句。④Thenewbuildingnowis______________________________inthepast.現(xiàn)在的這座新大樓是過去的四倍大。(5)倍數(shù)＋that/thoseof...。⑤Theproductionnowisthreetimes_______________itwastenyearsago.現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是十年前的三倍。[答案]①threetimesastallas②fivetimeslargerthan③twicethesizeofwhat④fourtimeswhatitwas⑤thatof[學問顧問](1)兩倍用twice或double，三倍及三倍以上用．..times表達。(2)前面的倍數(shù)還可以是分數(shù)、百分數(shù)、小數(shù)等。(3)that/thoseof...多用于產(chǎn)量、生產(chǎn)等方面的比較，that/those指代前面的同名異物名詞；that指代不行數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當于theone;those指代可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，相當于theones。語境串考點(短文改錯)Theearthwasjustacloudofdustyafterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereontimetoproducemanythings,whichwastomaketheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearontheirsurface.Itallowedtheearthdissolveharmfulgases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Thefirstsmallplantsmultipliedbutfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragesthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects,reptilesanddinosaursandsoonturnedupaftergreenplantswereappeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadallovertheearth.Theyareputtingtoomanycarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,thatpreventsheatfromtheearthintospace.[答案]Theearthwasjustacloudofeq\o(dusty,\s\do15(dust))afterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.Theywereeq\o(on,\s\do15(in))timetoproducemanythings,whicheq\o(was,\s\do15(were))tomaketheearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearoneq\o(their,\s\do15(its))surface.Itallowedtheeartheq\o(∧,\s\do15(to))dissolveharmfulgases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Thefirstsmallplantsmultipliedeq\o(but,\s\do15(and))filledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thiseq\o(encourages,\s\do15(encouraged))thedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects,reptilesanddinosaursandsoonturnedupaftergreenplantseq\o(were,＼)appeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadallovertheearth.Theyareputtingtooeq\o(many,\s\do15(much))carbondioxideintotheatmosphere,eq\o(that,\s\do15(which))preventsheatfromtheearthintospace.Step3課后演練——學問實力鏈接高考Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．It's________(harm)toyoureyestoreadinthebus.[答案]harmful2．LiJiangwantstobecomeapolicemanaftertheInternetvotingwhileSuHuais________(puzzle)atwhomtovote.[答案]puzzled3．Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,________(globe)warmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.[答案]global4．Asisknowntous,theRepublicofChinacameinto________(exist)asanindependentcountryin1949.[答案]existence5．Duringthosefouryears,heworkeddayandnight,thus________(improve)histheorygraduallyuntilitwascomplete.[答案]improving6．Hefoundsomething________(float)onthelake,whichscaredhim.[答案]floating7．Heoftensaysthathedoesn'tbelieveinany________(religious)andonlybelievesinhimself.[答案]religion8．Thecar________(crash)intoabigstoneandburstintoflames.[答案]crashed9．Theirsonwasprevented________goingtocollegebecauseoftheirlowincome.[答案]from10．Ashewasangry,heshutthedoor________(violent)．[答案]violentlyⅡ.單句改錯1．Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakespossibleforplantstogrow.____________[答案]在possible前加it2．ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesaslargerasthepresentone.____________[答案]larger→large3．Hewasluckyenoughinthewar.Hereturnedfromthebattle,safelyandsound.____________[答案]safely→safe4．Whethertheirflightwillarriveontimeiswhattheyareconcernedaboutit.____________[答案]去掉it5．Thetwinbrothersstoodunderthetree,puzzlingandsayingnothing.____________[答案]puzzling→puzzled6．Thenewbridgeisthreetimeswidthofthatonebuiltlastyear.____________[答案]在width前加the7．Wehopethenewmachinewillworkfaster,insteadreducingourcosts.____________[答案]instead→thus或者去掉instead8．Teacherscanhelpthemlearntotakerisksinanatmospherethattheyfeelconfidentaboutdoingso.____________[答案]that→where9．Thereissomuchrainontheislandthatitsannualrainfallreachesasmanyassixtyinches.____________[答案]many→much10．You'llsucceedontimebecauseyouarealwaysworkinghard.____________[答案]on→inⅢ.依據(jù)提示詞及相關要求完成句子1．精通這項技術可能會讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡。(make＋it＋賓補＋不定式短語)Masteringthetechnology___________________________________theInternetmoreeffectively.[答案]makesitpossibleforustouse2．總體來說，電子廢物流的增長速度比傳統(tǒng)的垃圾要快三倍。(倍數(shù)＋比較級＋than)Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasing__________________traditionalgarbageasawhole.[答案]threetimesfasterthan3．最使醫(yī)生困惑的是他們無法查出病因。(what引導主語從句)_____________________________wasthattheycouldnotfindthecauseofthedisease.[答案]Whatpuzzledthedoctorsmost4．既然我無事可做，我可以享受一會兒音樂了。(nowthat)_______________________________,Icanenjoymusicforalittlewhile.[答案]NowthatIhavenothingtodo5．我的確承認我犯了這個錯誤。(do強調)I___________________________thatIhavemadethemistake.[答案]doadmit6．盡管這本書沒有我們所期盼的那么好，但是仍舊值得讀一讀。(so...as)Thoughthisbookis_________________________weexpected，itisstillworthreading.[答案]notsogoodabookas高考題型分組訓練訓練一語言學問運用板塊訓練——重情理，練準度(限時：25分鐘)Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·太原市高三期末考)DingDingwasbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱),anddoctorstoldhisparentshewas“notworthsaving”.Buthismother__1__doctorsandevenherhusband,devotingherlifetohelpinghersonovercomedifficultiesandmake__2__ofhisabilities.At29,DingDing,whohadcerebralpalsy,hasbeen__3__toHarvardUniversity.In1988,Dingnearlysuffocated(窒息)duringabirthcomplication,whichlefthimwithcerebralpalsy.Doctors__4__tohismotherZouHongyanthatshegiveupthebabysayingitwasworthlesstryingto__5__him.ThedoctorsaidDingwould__6__eitherdisabledorwith__7__intelligence.Eventheboy's__8__agreedwiththedoctors,andtoldZouthattheboywouldbeaburdenforthefamilyforhisentirelife.__9__Zouinsistedonsavingtheboyandsoondivorced.Tosupportthefamilyandprovide__10__forherson,Zou__11__severaljobs.Inhersparetime,shetaught__12__howtomassagehisstiffmuscles,andwouldalsoplayeducational__13__withhim.“Ididn'twanthimtofeel__14__abouthisphysicalproblems，”shesaid.“Iwasquitestrictwithhim,sohecould__15__withotherswhenhehaddifficulties.”Dinggraduatedwitha__16__inenvironmentalsciencefromPekingUniversityin2011.Thatsame__17__，hegotaseconddegreeattheuniversity'sinternationallawschool.In2024,DinggottheofferfromHarvardLawSchool.“Ineverdaredtodreamof__18__Harvard，”Dingsaid.“Itwasmymotherwho__19__stoppedencouragingmetogiveitatry.__20__Ihadanydoubts,shewouldguidemeforward.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。29歲的殘疾人DingDing被哈佛高校錄用，他將勝利歸功于母親的堅持和她無私的奉獻。母親不遺余力地幫助DingDing克服困難并充分挖掘其潛能，最終使他獲得了勝利。1．A.ignored B．believedC．a(chǎn)bandoned D．thanked[解析]考查動詞辨析。A項意為“忽視，忽視”；B項意為“信任”；C項意為“遺棄，放棄”；D項意為“感謝”。由上文語境并結合“But”表示轉折可知，這里表示DingDing的母親對于醫(yī)生和丈夫的看法不予理睬。故選A。[答案]A2．A.fun B．senseC．themost D．a(chǎn)list[解析]考查詞義辨析。makethemostof是固定短語，意為“充分利用”，這里表示母親奉獻其一生幫助兒子克服困難并充分利用自己的實力。故選C。[答案]C3．A.returned B．a(chǎn)cceptedC．moved D．compared[解析]考查動詞辨析。A項意為“返回”；B項意為“接受”；C項意為“移動”；D項意為“比較”。由倒數(shù)其次段中的“DinggottheofferfromHarvardLawSchool”可知，DingDing在29歲時被哈佛高校錄用。故選B。[答案]B4．A.lied B．a(chǎn)pologizedC．explained D．suggested[解析]考查動詞辨析。A項意為“說謊”；B項意為“致歉”；C項意為“說明”；D項意為“建議”。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指醫(yī)生建議DingDing的母親ZouHongyan放棄這個孩子。故選D。[答案]D5．A.support B．findC．rescue D．leave[解析]考查動詞辨析。A項意為“支持”；B項意為“發(fā)覺，找到”；C項意為“挽救，營救”，D項意為“離開”。依據(jù)語境可知，醫(yī)生建議母親放棄這個孩子，說挽救他是沒有價值的。故選C。[答案]C6．A.buildup B．growupC．workout D．setout[解析]考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“增加”；B項意為“成長，長大”；C項意為“解決，算出”；D項意為“起先，動身”。依據(jù)語境可知，醫(yī)生說DingDing長大之后，不是殘疾就是低智商。故選B。[答案]B7．A.super B．extraC．healthy D．low[解析]考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“超級的”；B項意為“額外的”；C項意為“健康的”；D項意為“低的”。依據(jù)語境及空格前的“disabled”可知，此處表示殘疾的或是低智商的。故選D。[答案]D8．A.nurse B．teacherC．father D．friend[解析]考查名詞辨析。依據(jù)上文的“evenherhusband”和下文的“aburdenforthefamily”及“divorced”可知，此處指DingDing的父親也贊成醫(yī)生的看法。故選C。[答案]C9．A.But B．AndC．So D．For[解析]考查連詞辨析。依據(jù)下文可知，DingDing的母親堅持救他，而父親的觀點不同，此處表示轉折，應用連詞but。故選A。[答案]A10．A.production B．treatmentC．information D．entertainment[解析]考查名詞辨析。A項意為“產(chǎn)品”；B項意為“治療”；C項意為“信息”；D項意為“消遣”。由上文內容可知DingDing患有腦癱，須要治療。故選B。[答案]B11．A.quit B．triedC．tookup D．turnedoff[解析]考查動詞(短語)辨析。A項意為“辭職”；B項意為“嘗試”；C項意為“從事”；D項意為“關上”。依據(jù)語境可知，為了養(yǎng)家和給兒子看病，母親不得不做好幾份工作。故選C。[答案]C12．A.himself B．herselfC．it D．that[解析]考查代詞辨析。依據(jù)語境可知，母親空閑時間自學如何給兒子按摩僵硬的肌肉。句子主語是“she”，應用反身代詞herself。故選B。[答案]B13．A.games B．musicC．roles D．exams[解析]考查名詞辨析。A項意為“嬉戲”；B項意為“音樂”；C項意為“角色”；D項意為“考試”。由上文中的“with________intelligence”可知，為了開發(fā)兒子的智力，母親跟他一起玩具有教化意義的嬉戲。故選A。[答案]A14．A.amused B．proudC．tired D．a(chǎn)shamed[解析]考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“覺得好笑的”；B項意為“傲慢的”；C項意為“勞累的”；D項意為“慚愧的”。這里指母親不想讓兒子對自己在身體上存在的缺陷有慚愧感。故選D。[答案]D15．A.catchup B．endupC．chat D．a(chǎn)gree[解析]考查動詞(短語)辨析。A項意為“趕上”；B項意為“最終，結果”；C項意為“閑聊”；D項意為“同意”?？崭袂暗摹皊o”表示因果關系。因為母親對兒子很嚴格，所以他遇到困難時能盡力趕上別人。故選A。[答案]A16．A.grade B．testC．schedule D．degree[解析]考查名詞辨析。A項意為“分數(shù)”；B項意為“測試”；C項意為“時辰表”；D項意為“學位”。由上文中的“graduated”和下文中的“aseconddegree”可知，DingDing從北京高校環(huán)境科學專業(yè)畢業(yè)，獲得了學位。故選D。[答案]D17．A.year B．sizeC．room D．kind[解析]考查名詞辨析。由上文中的“in2011”和“same”可知，此處指同年DingDing又獲得了一個學位。故選A。[答案]A18．A.goingover B．a(chǎn)pplyingtoC．lookingat D．sendingfor[解析]考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“復習，檢查”；B項意為“申請”；C項意為“看”；D項意為“派人去請”。依據(jù)語境可知，此處指DingDing從不敢幻想去申報哈佛高校。故選B。[答案]B19．A.always B．everC．never D．yet[解析]考查副詞辨析。A項意為“總是”；B項意為“曾經(jīng)”；C項意為“從不”；D項意為“然而”。此處指母親始終激勵他前行，從不放棄。故選C。[答案]C20．A.However B．BecauseC．Since D．Whenever[解析]考查連詞辨析。A項意為“不管怎樣”；B項意為“因為”；C項意為“既然”；D項意為“無論何時”。由語境可知，無論DingDing什么時候遇到問題，母親總是指引他前行。故選D。[答案]DⅡ.語法填空KiermanwasborninSydney,Australia,andgrewupnearthesea.Formorethan40years,heracedininternationalsailing1.____________(compete)．Whiletakingpartin2.____________importantracein1987,Kiermanbegantonoticethehugeamountofrubbishintheworld'soceans.Hedecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Heorganizedacommunityeventcalled“CleanUpSydneyHarbour”.OnSunday,January8,1989,morethan40,000volunteerscameout3.____________(clear)awayrubbish.Thenextyear,Kiermanmadetheclean－upanationalevent,4.____________turnedouttobeahugesuccess.AcrossAustralia,about300,000peoplespenttheday5.____________(improve)theirlocalenvironment.Sincethen,“CleanUpAustralia”hasgot6.____________(big)yearbyyear.In2002,forexample,800,000people7.____________(clean)upalmost15,000tonsofrubbishfromAustralia'sbeaches,parksandstreets.8．____________(inspire)bythesuccessofhisproject,Kiermanstartedanevenbiggerprogram.9.____________thehelpoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram,heintroduced“CleanUptheWorld”tootherpartsoftheworld.“CleanUptheWorld”hasbeengrowing10.____________(rapid)andhiswonderfulideahasnowspreadfromonecitytothewholeworld.語篇解讀：本文為記敘文。Kierman在參與環(huán)球航海競賽中，起先留意到海洋污染。于是，他組織成立了CleanUpSydneyHarbour，并取得了巨大的勝利。1．[解析]該空所填單詞在句中作racedin的賓語，需用compete的名詞形式。依據(jù)語境，此處需用復數(shù)。[答案]competitions2．[解析]該空表示泛指，important是以元音音素開頭的單詞，因此該空用an。[答案]an3．[解析]toclearawayrubbish是不定式短語作目的狀語。[答案]toclear4．[解析]關系代詞which指代先行詞event，引導非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語。[答案]which5．[解析]spendtimedoingsth.表示“某人花時間做某事”。[答案]improving6．[解析]這里指的是活動規(guī)模一年比一年大，故用比較級。[答案]bigger7．[解析]“In2002”是詳細的過去時間作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去時。[答案]cleaned8．[解析]Inspiredbythesuccessofhisproject是過去分詞短語作狀語，分詞動作與邏輯主語Kierman之間是動賓關系。[答案]Inspired9．[解析]withthehelpof...表示“在……的幫助下”。[答案]With10．[解析]該空所填單詞在句中修飾謂語動詞，需用rapid的副詞形式。[答案]rapidly訓練二主觀應用題板塊訓練——重語法，練規(guī)范(限時：45分鐘)Ⅰ.語法填空(2024·湖南六校聯(lián)考)Haveyouevernoticedthatyoufeelhappierandmorerelaxedafteryoueatbread,pastaorfruit?Doyoufindthatyouaremoreenergeticandawakeaftereatingyogurtorbeans?Thesethingsarenotaccidents.Foodaffects1.____________wefeelmorethanwethink.Scientistsresearching2.____________(it)effectonourmoodsarebeginningtounderstandthatwecaninfluenceourfeelingswithwhatweeat.Althoughourmoodsrelate3.____________havingvariousfood,itisnotquiteassimpleaschoosingthefoodfortherightoccasions.Ifthat4.____________(be)thecase,athleteswouldnoteatalotofcarbohydratesbeforearace.Anotherchemical5.____________(connect)withourmoodsiscaffeine,which6.____________(find)incoffee,chocolateandmanytypesoftea,anditisperhaps7.____________worstthingyoucanhavewhenyouarefeelingstressed.Ofcourse,8.____________(enjoy)anicemealwithfriends,whateverweeat,canalsoimpactourspirits.Beingwithfriendsandfamilyplaysabigpartinexperiencinghappiness.Most9.____________(important),though,rememberthefollowingoldrule:trytoeatdifferentfood,10.____________nottoomuch.語篇解讀：我們所吃的食物會對我們的心情有影響。因此，我們要嘗試吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。1．[解析]分析該句結構可知，空處引導賓語從句；結合語境可以推斷，應用疑問副詞how引導該從句。[答案]how2．[解析]由名詞effect可知，應用形容詞性物主代詞its。[答案]its3．[解析]relateto為固定搭配，意為“和……有關系”。[答案]to4．[解析]依據(jù)該句中的“athleteswouldnoteatalotofcarbohydratesbeforearace”可知，該句為虛擬語氣，表示對目前狀況的虛擬，故從句謂語動詞用過去式were。[答案]were5．[解析]chemical和connect為動賓關系，故用過去分詞短語作后置定語。[答案]connected6．[解析]此處which引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為caffeine，和find之間是動賓關系，故用被動語態(tài)；此處是對客觀狀況的描述，應用一般現(xiàn)在時。[答案]isfound7．[解析]依據(jù)空后的形容詞最高級worst可知，空處應用the。[答案]the8．[解析]分析該句結構可知，此處為動名詞短語在句中作主語。[答案]enjoying9．[解析]空處修飾全句，故用副詞形式。[答案]importantly10．[解析]依據(jù)語境可知，嘗試吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。依據(jù)句意可知，空處應用轉折連詞。[答案]but/yetⅡ.短文改錯(2024·河南南陽一中月考)Ihavebeenusedtocarrysmallbagswithmetomanyoft