英國文學(xué).簡奧斯丁

ABriefHistoryof

EnglishLiteratureSheunderstoodthesmallnessoflifetoperfection.Shewasagreatartist,equalinhersmallspheretoShakespeare...

——AlfredTennysonJaneAusten(1775-1817)Shespentmostofhertimeathome,butshewas educatedprimarilybyherfatherandolderbrothersaswellasthroughherownreading.Shestartedtowriteforfamilyamusementasachild.JaneAusten’sLifeeducateathomereadalotuneventfulwritingatanearlyagesixnovels

nevermarried

diedin1817,42yearsoldHarrisBigg-Wither--achildhoodfriendHarrisBigg-Wither,thebrotherofherchildhoodfriendsproposedmarriageafterhisgraduationfromOxfordandAustenaccepted.Harriswasnotattractive—hewasalarge,plain-lookingmanwhospokelittle,stutteredwhenhedidspeak,wasaggressiveinconversation.HoweverthemarriageofferedmanypracticaladvantagestoAustenandherfamily.Hewastheheirtoextensivefamilyestateslocatedintheareawherethesistershadgrownup.Withtheseresources,Austencouldprovideherparentsacomfortableoldage.Bythenextmorning,Austenrealisedshehadmadeamistakeandwithdrewheracceptance.AboutHerWorksJaneAustenbeganwritingaroundtheageoftwelve.Herworkswerelaterpublishedanonymouslyduetotheprejudiceagainwomenwritersthen.CharacteristicsofherWorks1.JaneAustenisoneoftherealisticnovelists.Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysocietyinhernovels.CharacteristicsofherWorks2.JaneAusten’smainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations,humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors.

CharacteristicsofherWorks

Storiesofloveandmarriageprovidetheframeworkforallhernovelsandinthemwomenarealwaystakenasthemajorcharacters.CharacteristicsofherWorks3.JaneAusten’sworkhasaverynarrowliteraryfield.4.JaneAustenisawriterwhoregardsnovelwritingasasophisticatedart.

OtherFeaturesJaneAustenissuccessfulintheemploymentofironyandfrequentuseofwittyanddelightfuldialogues.Herdictionisgraceful,elegantandrefined.Hernovelsarefamousfortheirwittyconversationandomnipresenthumor.Austen'sArtisticMerits1.ThemoststrikingpartofJaneAustenandhernovelsisherseemingobliviousnesstothepoliticalupheavals(大動蕩)

intheoutsideworldofhertime.2.JaneAustenisoneoftherealisticnovelists.Shedrewvividandrealisticpicturesofeverydaylifeofthecountrysocietyinhernovels.3.JaneAustenissuccessfulintheemploymentofironyandfrequentuseofwittyanddelightfuldialogues.

Subtleironyandmildsatireareprevailingthroughallhernovels.Itisthissatirethatmakeshernovelsstillofinteresttoustoday.4.JaneAusten’smainconcernisabouthumanbeingsintheirpersonalrelations,humanbeingswiththeirfamiliesandneighbors.Storiesofloveandmarriageprovidetheframeworkforallhernovelsandinthemwomenarealwaystakenasthemajorcharacters.5.Instyle,sheisaneoclassicismadvocator,upholdingthosetraditionalideasoforder,reason,andgracefulnessinnovelwriting.6.Charactersinhernovelsareaboundinwit,humorandcharmbecauseofhersubtleobservation,deeppsychologicalanalysisandminutedescription.AssessmentJaneAustenhasbroughttheEnglishnovel,asanartofform,toitsmaturity,andshehasbeenregardedbymanycriticsasoneofthegreatestofallnovelists.AssessmentGenerallyspeaking,JaneAustenwasawriterofthe18thcentury,thoughshelivedmainlyinthenineteenthcentury.Sheholdstheidealofthelandlordclassinpolitics,religionandherworksshowclearlyherfirminthepredominanceofreasonoverpassion,thesenseofresponsibility,goodmannersandclear-sightedjudgmentovertheromantictendenciesofemotionandindividuality.

Austen’sworkhasaverynarrowliteraryfield.Sheisparticularlypreoccupiedwiththerelationshipbetweenmenandwomeninlove.Austentriestosaythatitiswrongtomarryjustformoneyorforbeauty,butitisalsowrongtomarrywithoutit.Hernovelsshowawealthofhumor,witanddelicatesatire.AssessmentThemesofAusten'snovels1.Shenevertouchedupontheclassconflictsofhertime2.Sheneverfocusedhernovelsonwarofhertime.3.Sherestrictedhersubjectmatterstoaquiet,prosperous,middle-classcircleinprovincialsurroundings.4.Hernovelsareaboutromanticloveofthemiddle-classpeople.MajorWorksofAustenSenseandSensibility《理智與情感》原名為《埃莉諾與瑪麗安娜》PrideandPrejudice《傲慢與偏見》MansfieldPark《曼斯菲爾德莊園》Emma《愛瑪》NorthangerAbbey《諾桑覺寺》Persuasion《勸導(dǎo)》AnAnalysisonPrideandPrejudiceWhatisthemainideaofthestory?奧斯丁以婚姻為主題并采用諷刺、幽默的筆法細(xì)致地描繪了18世紀(jì)末19世紀(jì)初英國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)中產(chǎn)階級的生活景象。

《傲慢與偏見》主要通過對話來表現(xiàn)人物性格。小說中的人物各自有著不同的說話風(fēng)格，具有鮮明的個性，如貝內(nèi)特太太言辭虛浮夸張、大驚小怪、尖聲叫嚷，顯得格外俗氣，她的女兒伊麗莎白則敢于挑戰(zhàn)貴族青年達(dá)西，表現(xiàn)出對門第的蔑視，并在談吐中確立起一位聰慧、機(jī)智、勇敢和可愛的女性形象?！栋谅c偏見》賞析“PrideandPrejudice”Itisthestoryofayounggirlwhorejectsanofferofmarriagebecausetheyoungnoblemanwhomakesithasbeenrudetoherfamily.

TheThemeofPrideandPrejudiceThefirstthemeisprideandprejudice.Anotherthemeisloveandmarriage.《傲慢與偏見》Lovestoriesofseveralpairsoflovers.

Jane&BingleyElizabeth&DarcyLydia&WickhamMr.Collins&CharlotteLucasII.Characters--Mr.andMrs.BennetFiveDaughtersoftheBennetsQuotationsFiveDaughtersoftheBennetsJane--theeldestdaughter,beautiful,reserved,good-naturedElizabeth--theprotagonist,theseconddaughter,clever,witty,wellread,nothandsomeenough,butwithasharptongueMary--themiddledaughter,bookish,pedantic(迂腐，學(xué)究式，書呆子氣)Catherine(Kitty)--immature,girlishlyenthralledwiththesoldiersLydia--gossipy,immature,andself-involved（關(guān)注自己的）,runawaywiththesoldierWickhamJane

theeldestdaughter;beautiful,good-natured

Jane&Bingley

Bingleyayoung,wealthygentlemanwhoischeerful,friendly,andgood-natured.Elizabeth

lovely,clever，quick-witted,biasedMr.Darcyhonest,intelligent,proud,class-conscious,helpfulWickham&Lydia

Wickham:handsome,fortune-huntingmilitiaofficer.

Marriagebasedonmoneyratherthanlove.Collinsissnobbish,pompousclergymanwhostandstoinheritMr.Bennet'sproperty.CharlottLucasisthedearestfriendofElizabeth,whoisinterestedinhavingacomfortablehomethanmarryingforlove.Mr.CollinsandCharlottLucasFiveMethodsof

CharacterizationinaNovel1.theauthor’s(thenarrator’s)commentanddescriptionofthischaracter.2.thischaracter’sownspeechandaction3.commentsonthischaracterbyothercharacters4.relationandcontrastbetweenthischaracterandothercharacters5.characterdevelopmentthroughoutthenovel

Elizabethisbiased.1.ShewasoffendedbytherudenessofDarcyattheball.2.ShegotbadimpressionofDarcyfromWickham.3.SheknewbyaccidentthatitwasDarcyintervenedthelovebetweenJaneandBingley.Elizabethiseloquentandaladyofsharptongue.言辭尖刻(牙尖嘴利）WhensherefusedtheproposalofDarcy,shesaid"YouwerethelastmanintheworldthatIhaveeverwantedtomarry."Darcyisproudandrude.Hecoldlysaid,“Sheistolerable;butnothandsomeenoughtotemptme;andIaminnohumouratpresenttogiveconsequencetoyoungladieswhoareslightedbyothermen被其他人忽視.Youhadbetterreturntoyourpartnerandenjoyhersmiles,foryouarewastingyourtimewithme.”Darcy,whoseesthepeopleofMerytonashissocialinferiors,haughtilyrefusestocondescendto(屈尊)dancingwithsomeone“nothandsomeenough”forhim.Moreover,hedoessowithinrangeofElizabeth,therebyestablishingareputationamongtheentirecommunityforprideandbadmanners.SummaryofChapterI&IIThestorydevelopedthroughfunnydialoguesbetweenMr.BennetandMrs.Bennet.Uponhearingthatagentle,wealthybachelorBingleyisplanningtorentahousebesidethem,Mrs.Benneturgesherhusbandtopayhimavisitimmediately.Throughthedialogue,thecharactersofMr.BennetandMrs.Bennetarevividlyshown.第一章簡介小說第一章開篇那句話：“此可謂真理，舉世公認(rèn)的真理，凡是單身漢家財萬貫的，總是想要一個老婆?！敝档没匚?，點(diǎn)出了作品的意圖。本應(yīng)成為“獵手”的有錢的單身漢卻淪為女人們追逐的“獵物”。當(dāng)貝內(nèi)特太太獲悉鄰里新近搬來一位名叫賓利的年輕富家子弟后，再也按捺不住內(nèi)心的激動于是與丈夫商討如何急速拜訪這位新來的鄰居，希望把某個女兒嫁給他。整個情景在這對夫婦的對話中展開，前后一問一答，把老夫妻各自的性格特征表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。ThefunctionofthefirstsentenceShehasdeclaredthatthemainsubjectofthenovelwillbecourtshipandmarriage.Shehasestablishedthehumouroustoneofthenovel.Shehaspreparedthereaderachaseinthenovelofeitheramaleinsearchofawifeorawomaninpursuitofahusband.Ittellsusthenovelisaboutthesocialenvironmentofthe18centuryperiod.3.“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.”Explanation:Ironyisusedinthissentence.Itistruethatasinglewoman,isin(perhapsdesperate)wantofahusband.Itconcernsitselfwiththepursuitof“singlemaninpossessionofagoodfortune”byvariousfemalecharacters.Irony—theuseofwordstoexpresssomethingotherthan,oroppositeof,theliteralmeaning

--thetoneofirony,whichAustenwillusebothverballyandstructurally--revealsthatthereverseisalsotrue:

asinglewoman,whosesociallyprescribedoptionsarequitelimited,isin(perhapsdesperate)wantofahusband.Irony(反諷)奧斯丁借助反諷手法悉心雕鑿的藝術(shù)精品,它對于反諷的使用主要體現(xiàn)在三大方面:一、以反諷(irony)表現(xiàn)主題;二、以反諷(irony)刻畫人物;三、以反諷(irony)組織情節(jié)和語言.反諷使該小說成為一部具有濃厚喜劇色彩的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義杰作.

Elizabeth,

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