高級英語第二冊1-4課課后答案

第一課

位于高爾夫港以西的帕斯克里斯琴鎮(zhèn)幾乎被夷為平地。住在該鎮(zhèn)那座豪華的黎賽留公寓度

假的幾位旅客組織了一次聚會，從他們所居的有利地位觀賞颶風的壯觀景象，結果像是有一個

其大無比的拳頭把公寓打得粉碎，26人因此喪生。

柯夏克家的屋頂一被掀走，約翰就高喊道："快上樓——到臥室里去!數數孩子?！痹趦A盆大雨

中，大人們圍成一圈，讓孩子們緊緊地擠在中間?？孪目死夏棠贪暻星械卣f道："孩子們，

咱們大家來唱支歌吧!"孩不門都嚇呆了，根本沒一點反應。老奶奶獨個兒唱了幾句，然后她的

聲音就完全消失了。

客廳的壁爐和煙囪崩塌了下來。弄得瓦礫橫飛。眼看他們棲身的那間臥室電有兩面墻壁行

將崩塌，約翰立即命令大伙："進電視室去!”這是離開風頭最遠的一個房間。

約翰用手將妻子摟了一下。詹妮絲心里明白了他的意思。由于風雨和恐懼，她不住地發(fā)抖。

她一面拉過兩個孩子緊貼在自己身邊，一面默禱著：親愛的上帝啊，賜給我力量，讓我經受住

必須經受的一切吧。她^里怨恨這場颶風。我們一定不會讓它得勝。

柯夏克老爹心中窩著一團火，深為自己在颶風面前無能為力而感到懊喪。也說不清為什么,

他跑到一問臥室里去將一只杉木箱和一個雙人床墊拖進了電視室。就在這里，一面墻壁被風刮

倒了，提燈也被吹滅。另外又有一面墻壁在移動，在搖晃。查理.希爾試圖以身子撐住它，但結

果墻還是朝他這邊塌了下來，把他的背部也給砸傷了。房子在顫動搖晃，已從地基上挪開了25

英尺。整個世界似乎都要分崩離析了。

"我們來把床墊豎起來!"約翰對父親大聲叫道。"把它斜靠著擋擋風。讓孩子們躲到墊子

下面去，我們可以用頭和肩膀把墊子大一點的孩子趴在地板上，小一點的一層層地壓在大的身

上，大人們都彎下身子罩住他們。地板傾斜了。裝著那一窩四只小貓的盒子從架上滑下來，一

下子就在風中消失了。斯普琪被從一個嵌板書柜頂上刮走而不見蹤影了。那只狗緊閉著雙眼，

縮成一團。又一面墻壁倒塌了。水拍打著傾斜的地板。約翰抓住一扇還連在壁柜墻上的門，對

他父親大聲叫道："假若地板塌了，咱們就把孩子放到這塊門板上面。"

就在這一剎那間，風勢稍緩了一些，水也不再上漲了。隨后水開始退落。卡米爾號颶風的

中心過去了。柯夏克一家和他們的朋友都幸存下來了。

第二課

然而這些人的真正奇特之處還在于他們的隱身的特性。一連幾個星期，每天幾乎在同一時

候總有一隊老嫗扛著柴草從我房前蹣跚走過。雖然他們的身影以映入我的眼簾，但老實說，我

并不曾看見她們。我所看見的是一捆捆的柴草從屋外掠過。直到有一天我碰巧走在她們身后時,

堆柴草奇異的起伏動作才使我注意到原來下面有人。這才第一次看見那些與泥土同色的可憐老

嫗的軀體——枯瘦的只剩下皮包骨頭、被沉重的負荷壓得彎腰駝背的軀體。然而，我踏上摩洛

哥國土還不到五分鐘就已注意到驢子的負荷過重，并為此感到憤怒。驢子遭到荷虐，這是無疑

的事實。摩洛哥的驢子不過如一只瑞士雪山救人犬一般大小，可它馱負的貨物重量在英國軍隊

里讓一頭五英尺高的大騾子來馱都嫌過重。而且，它還常常是一連幾個星期不卸馱鞍。尤其讓

人覺得可悲的是，它是世上最馴服聽話的牲畜。不需要鞍轡會僵繩。它便會像狗一樣更隨著自

己的主人。為主人拼命干上十幾年活后，它便猝然倒地死去，這時，主人就把它仍進溝里，尸

體未寒，其五臟六腑便被村狗扒出來吃掉。

這種事情當然令人發(fā)指，可是，一般說來，人的苦難卻沒人理會。我并非在亂發(fā)議論，只

不過是指出一個事實而已。這種人簡直就是一種無影無行之物。一頭背上被磨得皮破肉爛的驢

子人人見了都會同情，而那馱著大捆柴草的老婦人則往往要有某種偶然因素才會受到注意。

第三課

有人舉出了一個人所共知，但仍值得提出來發(fā)人深思的例子。我們談到飯桌上的肉食時用法

語詞，而談到提供這些肉食的牲畜時則用盎格魯一撤克遜詞。豬圈里的活豬叫pig,飯桌上吃

的豬肉便成了pork（來自法語pore）;地里放牧著的牛叫cattle,席上吃的牛肉則叫beef（來自

法語boeuf）;Chicken用作肉食時變成poultry（來自法語poulet）;calf加工成肉則變成

veal（來自法語vcau）。即便我們的菜單沒有為了裝洋耍派頭而寫成法語，我們所用的英語仍然

是諾曼底式的英語。這一切向我們昭示了諾曼底人征服之后英國文化上所存在的深刻的階級裂

痕。

撒克遜農民種地養(yǎng)畜，自己出產的肉自己卻吃不起，全都送上了諾曼底人的餐桌。農民們

只能吃到在地里亂竄的兔子。兔子肉因為便宜，諾曼底貴族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和

吃的兔子肉共用rabbit這個詞表示，而沒有換成由法語lapin轉化而來的某個詞。

當我們今天聽著有關雙語教育問題的爭論時，我們應該設身處地替當時的撒克遜農民想一

想，新的統(tǒng)治階級把法語用來對抗撤克遜農民自己的語言，從而在農民周圍筑起一道文化障礙.

當英國人在像覺醒者赫里沃德這樣的撒克遜領袖領導下起來造反時，他們一定深深地感受到了

文化上的屈辱。"標準英語"——如果那時候有這個名詞的話—已經變成法語。而九百年后

我們在美國這兒仍然繼承了這種影響。

第四課

我們能否建立一個把東西南1蹶在一起的偉大的全球聯盟來對付這些敵人，以確保人類享

有更為富有成效的生活呢?你是否愿意參加這一具有歷史意義的行動呢？

在世界漫長的歷史上，只有少數幾代人能在自由面臨極大危險的時刻被賦予保衛(wèi)自由的任

務。在這一重任面前，我不退縮，我歡迎這一重任。我認為我們中間不會有人愿意與別人或另

一代人調換位置。我們從事這一事業(yè)的那種精力、信念和獻身精神將照耀我們的國家和一切為

此出力的人們。這一火焰所發(fā)出的光芒將真正照亮這個世界。

因此，美國同胞們，你們應該問的不是你們的國家能為你們做些什么，而是你們自己能為

你們的國家做些什么。

和我處在同樣地位的世界各國的公民們，你們應該問的不是美國會為你們做些什么，而是

我們一起能為人類自由做些什么。

Lesson1

1.We*reelevated23feet.(para3)

We*re23feetabovesealevel.

2.Theplacehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehaseverbotheredit.(para3)

Thehousehasbeenheresince1915,andnohurricanehasevercausedany

damagetoit.

3.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.(para4)

Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithout

muchdamage.

4.Thegeneratorwasdoused,andthelightswentout.(para9)

Watergotintothegeneratorandputitout.Itstoppedproducingelectricity,

sothelightsalsowentout.

5.Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!(para10)

Everybodygooutthroughthebackdoorandruntothecars.

6.Theelectricalsystemshadbeenkilledbywater,(para11)

Theelectricalsystemsinthecarhadbeenputoutbywater.

7.Johnwatchedthewaterlapatthesteps,andfeltacrushingguilt.(paral7)

AsJohnwatchedthewaterinchitswayupthesteps,hefeltastrongsense

ofguiltbecauseheblamedhimselfforendangeringthewholefamilyby

decidingnottofleeinland.

8.Getusthroughthismesszwillyou?(paral7)

OhGod,pleasehelpustogetthroughthisstormsafely.

9.Shecarriedonaloneforafewbars;thenhervoicetrailedaway,(para21)

GrandmotherKoshaksangafewwordsaloneandthenhervoicegradually

grewdimmerandstopped.

10.Janishadjustonedelayedreaction,(para34)

Janisdisplayedratherlatetheexhaustionbroughtaboutbythenervous

tensioncausedbythehurricane.

Lesson2

1.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelict

building-lot.(para2)

Theburying-groundisnothingmorethanahugepieceofwastelandfullof

moundsofearthlookinglikeadesertedandabandonedpieceoflandon

whichabuildingwasgoingtobeputup.

2.Allcolonialempiresareinrealityfoundeduponthatfact.(para3)

Alltheimperialistsbuilduptheirempiresbytreatingthepeopleinthe

colonieslikeanimals(bynottreatingthepeopleinthecoloniesashuman

beings).

3.Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysink

backintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyard.(para3)

Theyareborn.Thenforafewyearstheywork,toilandstarve.Finallythey

dieandareburiedingraveswithoutaname.

4.Acarpentersitscrossleggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightingspeed.

(para9)

Sittingwithhislegscrossedandusingaveryold-fashionedlathe,a

carpenterquicklygivesaroundshapetothechair-legsheismaking.

5.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews,(para10)

Immediatelyfromtheirdarkhole-likecellseverywhereagreatnumberof

Jewsrushedoutwildlyexcited.

6....everyoneofthemlooksonacigaretteasamoreorlessimpossibleluxury.(paralO)

EveryoneofthesepoorJewslookedonthecigaretteasapieceofluxury

whichtheycouldnotpossiblyafford.

7.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.(paral6)

However,awhite-skinnedEuropeanisalwaysquitenoticeable.

8.Inatropicallandscapeone'seyetakesineverythingexceptthehumanbeings.

(paral6)

Ifyoutakealookatthenaturalsceneryinatropicalregion,yousee

everythingbutthehumanbeings.

9.NoonewouldthinkofrunningcheaptripstotheDistressedAreas,(para17)

Noonewouldthinkoforganizingcheaptripsforthetouriststovisitthe

poorslumareas(forthesetripswouldnotbeinteresting).

10....fornine-tenthsofthepeopletherealityoflifeisanendless,back-breakingstruggle

towringalittlefoodoutofanerodedsoil.(paral7)

lifeisveryhardforninetypercentofthepeople.Withhardbackbreaking

toiltheycanproducealittlefoodonthepoorsoil.

11.Sheacceptedherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.

Shetookitforgrantedthatasanoldwomanshewasthelowestinthe

community,thatshewasonlyfitfordoingheavyworklikeananimal.

12.Peoplewithbrownskinsarenextdoortoinvisible.(para21)

Peoplewithbrownskinsarealmostinvisible.

13.Theirsplendidbodieswerehiddeninreach-me-downkhakiuniforms,...(para23)

TheSenegalesesoldierswerewearingready-madekhakiuniformswhich

hidtheirbeautifulwell-builtbodies.

14.Howlongbeforetheyturntheirgunsintheotherdirection?(para25)

Howmuchlongerbeforetheyturntheirgunsaroundandattackus?

15.Everywhitemantherehadthisthoughtstowedsomewhereorotherinhismind.

(para26)

Everywhiteman,theonlookers,theofficersontheirhorsesandthewhite

N.C.Os.marchingwiththeblacksoldiers,hadthisthoughthidden

somewhereorotherinhismind.

Lesson3

1.Anditisanactivityonlyofhuman,(paral)

Andconversationisanactivitywhichisfoundonlyamonghumanbeings.

2.Conversationisnotformakingapoint.(para2)

Conversationisnotforpersuadingotherstoacceptourideaorpointofview.

3.Infact,thebestconversationalistsarethosewhoarepreparedtolose.(para2)

Infactapersonwhoreallyenjoysandisskilledatconversationwillnot

arguetowinorforceotherstoaccepthispointofview.

4.Barfriendsarenotdeeplyinvolvedineachother'slives.(para3)

Peoplewhomeeteachotherforadrinkinthebarofapubarenotintimate

friendsfortheyarenotdeeplyabsorbedorengrossedineachother'slives.

5....itcouldstillgoignorantlyon...(para6)

Theconversationcouldgoonwithoutanybodyknowingwhowasrightor

wrong.

6.Therearecattleinthefields,butwesitdowntobeef(boeuf).(para9)

Theseanimalsarecalledcattlewhentheyarealiveandfeedinginthefields;

butwhenwesitdownatthetabletoeat.wecalltheirmeatbeef.

7.ThenewrulingclasshadbuiltaculturalbarrieragainsthimbybuildingtheirFrench

againsthisownlanguage,(parall)

ThenewrulingclassbyusingFrenchinsteadofEnglishmadeitdifficultfor

theEnglishtoacceptorabsorbthecultureoftherulers.

8.Englishhadcomeroyallyintoitsown.(paral3)

TheEnglishlanguagereceivedproperrecognitionandwasusedbytheKing

oncemore.

9.Thephrasehasalwaysbeenusedalittlepejorativelyandevenfacetiouslybythe

lowerclasses.(paral5)

Thephrase,theKing'sEnglish,hasalwaysbeenuseddisrespectfullyand

jokinglybythelowerclasses.Theworkingpeopleveryoftenmakefunof

theproperandformallanguageoftheeducatedpeople.

10.Therebellionagainstaculturaldominanceisstillthere,(para15)

Therestillexistsintheworkingpeople,asintheearlySaxonpeasants,a

spiritofoppositiontotheculturalauthorityoftherulingclass.

11.Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthat''wordswillhardenintothingsforus/z(paral8)

Thereisalwaysagreatdangerthatwemightforgetthatwordsareonly

symbolsandtakethemforthingstheyaresupposedtorepresent.

12.Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theKing'sEnglishslipsandslides

inconversation.(paral8)

Eventhemosteducatedandliteratepeopledonotusestandard,formal

Englishallthetimeintheirconversation

Lesson4

1.Andyetthesamerevolutionarybeliefforwhichourforebearsfoughtisstillatissue

aroundtheglobe...(para2)

Ourancestorsfoughtarevolutionarywartomaintainthatallmenwere

createdequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichno

stateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.Buttodaythisissuehasnotyet

beendecidedinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.

2.Thismuchwepledge—andmore.(para5)

Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.

3.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofcooperativeventures.(para6)

Unitedandworkingtogetherwecanaccomplishalotofthingsinagreat

numberofjointundertakings.

4.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.(para9)

Wewillnotallowanyenemycountrytosubvertthispeacefulrevolution

whichbringshopeofprogresstoallourcountries.

5....ourlastbesthopeinanagewheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefaroutpacedthe

instrumentsofpeace...(paralO)

TheUnitedNationsisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinanagewherethe

instrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedtheinstrumentsofpeace.

6....toenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun...(paralO)

WepledgetohelptheUnitedNationsenlargetheareainwhichitsauthority

andmandatewouldcontinuetobeineffectorinforce.

7....beforethedarkpowersofdestructionunleashedbyscienceengulfallhumanityin

plannedoraccidentalself-destruction...(parall)

Beforetheterribleforcesofdestruction,whichsciencecannowrelease,

overwhelmmankind;beforethisself-destruction,whichmaybeplannedor

broughtaboutbyanaccident,takesplace

8....yetbothracingtoalterthatuncertainbalanceofterrorthatstaysthehandof

mankind'sfinalwar...(paral3)

Yetbothgroupsofnationsaretryingtochangeasquicklyaspossiblethis

uncertainbalanceofterriblemilitarypowerwhichrestrainseachgroup

fromlaunchingmankind'sfinalwar.

9.Soletusbeginanew,rememberingonbothsidesthatcivilityisnotasignof

weakness,...(paral4)

Soletusstartonceagain(todiscussandnegotiate)andletusremember

thatbeingpoliteisnotasignofweakness.10.Letbothsidestrytocall

forththewonderfulthingsthatsciencecandoformankindinsteadofthe

frightfulthingsitcando.

11....eachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnational

loyalty.(para21)

Americansofeverygenerationhavebeencalledupontoprovetheirloyalty

totheircountry(byfightinganddyingfortheircountry'scause).

12.Withagoodconscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinaljudgeofour

deeds,letusgoforthtoleadthelandwelove,...(para27)

Lethistoryfinallyjudgewhetherwehavedoneourtaskweltornot,butour

surerewardwillbeagoodcon-scienceforwewillhaveworkedsincerely

andtothebestofourability.

Lessonl

1.Windandrainnowwipedthehouse.--metaphor（暗喻）

2.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade,-simile（B月喻）

3.Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.---simile

4....itseizeda600,00gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit3.5milesaway.--一

personification（擬人）

5.RcihelieuApartmentsweresmashedapartasifbyagiganticfist,and26people

perished.---simile、personification

6....theSalvationArmy'scanteentrucksandRedCrossvolunteersandstafferswere

goingwhereverpossibletodistributehotdrinks,food,clothingandbedding.——

7.Thefederalgovernmentshipped4,400,000poundsoffood,movedinmobile

homes,setupportableclassrooms,openedofficestoprovidelow-interest,long-term

businessloans.---

8.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.---metaphor

9.Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!—ellipsis（省略）sentence

10.Telephonepolesand20-inch-thickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnapped

them.simile,onomatopoeia（擬聲）

11.SeveralvacationersattheluxuriousRichelieuApartmentsthereheldahurricane

partytowatchthestormfromtheirspectacularvantagepoint——transferredepithet

12.Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees,andblowndownpowerlines

coiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads----metaphor;

13.Heheldhisheadbetweenhishands,andsilentlyprayed:''Getusthroughthis

messzwillYou?”-------alliteration押頭韻

14householdandmedicalsuppliesstreamedinbyplane,train,truckandcar.■-一

-metaphor

Lesson2

1.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelict

building-lot.-----simile

2.Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,--alliteration

3....andsore-eyedchildrenclustereverywhereinunbelievablenumbers,likeclouds

offlies,——simile

4.Andreallyitwasalmostlikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn,a

mileortwomilesofarmedmen,flowingpeacefullyuptheroad,whilethegreatwhite

birdsdriftedoverthemintheoppositedirection,glitteringlikescrapsofpaper.-----

simile

5.Thelittlecrowdofmourners-allmenandboys,nowomen—threadedtheirway

acrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels,

wailingashortchantoverandoveragain.——Contrast（對比）

6.Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightning

speed."transferredepithet

7.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews,many

ofthemoldgrandfatherswithflowinggreybeards,allclamoringforacigarette.-----

transferredepithet

8.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.--synecdoche（提喻）

9.AsthestorksflewnorthwardtheNegroesweremarchingsouthward-

along,dustycolumn,infantry,screw-gunbatteries,andthenmoreinfantry,fourorfive

thousandmeninall,windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofiron

wheels.onomatopoetic

10.Nothostile,notcontemptuous,notsullen,noteveninquisitive.——

ellipticalsentence

11.ThiswretchedboyzwhoisaFrenchcitizenandhasthereforebeendraggedfrom

theforesttoscrubfloorsandcatchsyphilisingarrisontowns,actuallyhasfeelingsofre

verencebeforeawhiteskin.—synecdoche提喻

12.ThegazelleIwasfeedingseemedtoknowthatthisthoughtwasinmymind.

我現在喂著的這只瞪羚好象已經看透了我的心思?！狿ersonification（擬人）

13.Sheaccept-edherstatusasanoldwoman,thatistosayasabeastofburden.

——Alliteration（頭韻）

14.1amnotcommenting,merelypointingtoafact.（P21）

我并不是在發(fā)表議論,而僅僅是在陳述一個事實一Understatement（含蓄陳述）

Lesson3

1....andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparkles

orjustglows.―mixed-metaphor

2."herewillbeanoldabusingofGod'spatienceandtheKing'sEnglish/'-pan

3....thatsuddenlythealchemyofconversationtookplace,andallatoncetherewa

safocus.--一metaphor

4.Theglowoftheconversationburstintoflames.---metaphor

5.WehadtraveledinfiveminutestoAustralia.-metaphor

Thefactthattheirmarriagesmaybeontherocks,orthattheirloveaffairshavebe

enbrokenoreventhattheygotoutofbedonthewrongsideissimplynotaconcern.-

—metaphor

6.Theconversationwasonwings.---metaphor

8.Thebotheraboutteachingchimpanzeeshowtotalkisthattheywillprobablytryt

otalksenseandsoruinallconversation.--sarcasm反諷

9.TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewith

eachother,didnotdelveintoeachother'slivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfe

elings.simile

10....weoughttothinkourselvesbackintotheshoesoftheSaxonpeasant.--一

11.Otherwiseonewillbindtheconversation,onewillnotletitflowfreelyhereandt

here.----

12.WewouldneverhaygonetoAustralia,orleapedbackintimetotheNormanCo

nquest.--

13.TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewit

heachother,didnotdelveinto,eachother'slivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandf

eelings.—simile

14.IsthephraseinShakespeare?-?metonymy

15.TheElizabethansblewonitasonadandelionclock,anditsseedsmultiplied,an

dfloatedtotheendsoftheearth—simile

16.Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theKing'sEnglishslipsands

Iidesinconversation—alliteration,metaphor

17.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof-thesinistercorridorofourage,||wesitupatthev

ividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.—metaphor

18.PerhapsitbecauseofmyupbringinginEnglishpubsthatIthinkbarconversation

hasacharmofitsown.(P3)-------exaggeration

Lesson4

1.United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,

thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerf