天津電大責(zé)任教師夏方毅市公開課一等獎百校聯(lián)賽特等獎?wù)n件

EnglishinCurrentAffairs天津電大責(zé)任教師：夏方毅1第1頁Unit7EqualitySessionTwoP369Text

2第2頁1ASYSTEM(toregulateincomeinequality)shouldbemappedoutintimetopreventincomegapsfrombroadening.IncomeInequalityMustBeEased2ThelopsidedindividualincomepatterninChinahastendedtoworsensincethecountryinitiatedeconomicreformandtheopen-doorpolicy17yearsago.我們應(yīng)該及時制訂一個制度來規(guī)范收入不平等情況，以預(yù)防收入差距加大。自從前中國實施了經(jīng)濟(jì)改革和對外開放政策以來，個人收入不平等情況就日趨嚴(yán)重。必須緩解收入不平等regulate:vt.Tocontrolordirectaccordingtorule,principle,orlaw管理,管制lopsidedadj.Leaningtooneside傾向一方；不平衡3第3頁ease

vt.Tomoderate(aqualityorcondition)inforceorintensity,alleviate在力量或強(qiáng)度上減輕（一個性質(zhì)或條件),緩解eg.easesb.ofhistroubles

消除某人煩惱2.

Tolessenthediscomfortorpainof

減輕不適或痛楚

eg.Theaspirineasedhisheadache.阿斯匹靈減輕了他頭痛。3.Toslackenthestrain,pressure,ortensionof;loosen降低擔(dān)心、壓力或強(qiáng)度；使安心,使舒適;松開eg.1)ease

offacable松開纜繩2)Ieasedhermindbytellingherthatthechildrenweresafe.我告訴她孩子們平安無恙,讓她安心。vi.減輕;緩解;放松[(+off)]eg.Therelationshipbetweenthesetwocountrieshaseased.兩國之間關(guān)系有所緩解。illatease

局促不安;不自在eg.Ialwaysfeelillateaseinastrangeenvironment.我在陌生環(huán)境總覺不自在。4第4頁mapout

vt.plan,arrange(詳細(xì))制訂，策劃,安排eg.1)Weshouldmapoutanoverallplan.我們應(yīng)該制訂全方面規(guī)劃.

2)Shemapped

outhertimeverywell.她把時間安排得很好。initiate

vt.Tosetgoingbytakingthefirststep;begin開始eg.initiateanewcourseofstudies開設(shè)一門新課程initiative

n.

首創(chuàng)精神，進(jìn)取心;率先，開端tooktheinitiative

intryingtosolvetheproblem開始著手試圖處理這個問題5第5頁3Althoughofficialstatisticshasnotyetbeenmadeavailabletoindicatehowlargeincomegapshavebecome,thepeopleinthestreethavetestedenoughofthisinequalityintheirdailylife.盡管官方統(tǒng)計數(shù)字還無法確定收入差距有多大，但普通百姓已感受到了他們在日常生活中差距。4WhileacoupleofrestaurantownersinShanghaihaverevealedthattheirmonthlyincomehasreached100,000yuan($11,900),630,000residentsinHunanProvincearestrugglingforabare

subsistencewageof132yuan($16)amonth,accordingtotheweeklymagazineOutlook.依據(jù)《瞭望》周刊所載，上海一些餐館老板認(rèn)可，當(dāng)他們月收入已經(jīng)到達(dá)10萬元（11900美元）時，湖南631000名居民還在為每個月132元（16美元）僅能勉強(qiáng)糊口工資而奔走努力。subsistencewagen.維持最低生活水平工資6第6頁bareadj.Justsufficient;mere剛才充分；僅有eg.1)thebarenecessities最低必需品2)Abarewordwouldbeenough.只要一句話就夠了。3)Alltheyhadwerethebarenecessitiesoflife.他們?nèi)績H僅是生活必需品而已。barely

adv.僅僅,剛才,幾乎不能7第7頁Gonearethedayswhenpeoplewhohad10,000yuan($1,190)weredubbedupstarts.Nowadays,apersonwhohas100,000yuan($11,900)isbarelyconsideredrich.有1萬元（1900美元）收入就被冠為暴發(fā)戶時代已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。當(dāng)今，一個人有10萬元（11900美元）才被認(rèn)為是小富。Atthesametime,around10millionpeopleacrossthecountryarelivingsuchascantylifethattheycan'taffordenoughvegetablesandfruit.同時，在全國大約有1千萬人正過著貧困生活，他們沒錢購置蔬菜和水果。8第8頁dubvt.

1.Tohonorwithanewtitleordescription;nickname授予…新稱號，把…稱為;起綽號eg.1)Thekingdubbedhimaknight.國王封他為爵士。2)Theydubbedhimatraitor.他們叫他賣國賊。2.Toinsertanewsoundtrack,oftenasynchronizedtranslationoftheoriginaldialogue,into(afilm)配音：在（電影）中插入一條新聲道，普通是原對話同時翻譯eg.1)aSwedishfilmdubbedintoEnglish譯成英語瑞典影片2)dubforeignfilms為外國影片配音upstartn.Apersonofhumbleoriginwhoattainssuddenwealth,power,orimportance新貴，暴發(fā)戶：一個出身低賤人突然取得財富，權(quán)力或主要位置9第9頁scanty

a.

1.Barelysufficientoradequate不足：缺乏或不足eg.Cropsareveryscantythisyear.今年莊稼歉收。2.Barelylargeenough剛才夠大eg.

ascantybinini剛才夠大比基尼泳裝10第10頁Althoughthedisparityisinevitablewhenthecountryisinthestageoftransitionfromtheplannedeconomytoamarket-orientedeconomy,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchunequaldistributionofwealthisacceptableorfair.當(dāng)國家從計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)化時，這種不平等是無法防止。不過，這并不是說，財富分配不均能夠接收或者是公平。8Iftheincomegapkeepswideningandfinallydevelopstoapolarisation,itwillleadtodeepresentmentamongthepoor.Agrowingfearinthepublicisthatchronic

disaffectionwill

triggersocialdisruption.假如這種收入差距不停加大，并最終發(fā)展成為兩極分化，它將造成窮人產(chǎn)生極度不滿情緒。令人越來越擔(dān)心是這種長久不滿情緒會造成社會分裂。disparity

n.inequality不平等disaffection

n.dissatisfaction不滿disruption

n.separating分裂11第11頁resentment

n.Indignationorillwillfeltasaresultofarealorimaginedgrievance憤恨eg.Hefeltresentment

attheintrusion.他因受到干擾而十分惱火。resentful

adj.eg.Hewasresentful

atthewayhehadbeentreated.他對所受待遇感到忿恨。chronic

adj.

1.Oflongduration;continuing長久;連續(xù);慢性eg.chronicmoneyproblems長久金錢困擾achronicalcoholic長久酗酒酒徒chronicunemployment長久失業(yè)achronicdisease慢性病2.Subjecttoahabitorpatternofbehaviorforalongtime慣常eg.achronicliar一貫說謊人Heisachroniccomplainer.他這個人老是埋怨。12第12頁triggervt.Tosetoff;initiate,cause

觸發(fā),引發(fā)eg.1)Hisactionhastriggered

offacrisis.他行動已經(jīng)引發(fā)一場危機(jī)。2)Asparktriggeredtheexplosion.一?；鹦且l(fā)了這場爆炸。trigger-happy

adj.亂開槍,好戰(zhàn)13第13頁研究表明，通常低收入人沒有工作主動性，對生活感到厭倦。其次，一些人是靠非法伎倆謀取暴利而致富，這樣會影響市場上公平競爭。他們自我放縱生活方式對社會價值觀造成負(fù)面影響。為了縮小這種收入土差距，西方國家采取通常做法是，嚴(yán)格征收規(guī)定個人收入所得稅。Researchhasshownthatlow-incomepeopleusuallyhavenoworkinginitiativeandfeelsickaboutlife.Ontheotherhand,therichwhorisetofortunethroughillegalprofiteeringwill

frustratefaircompetitioninthemarketplace.Andtheirself-

indulgentlifestylehasanegativeeffectonsocialvalues.Tonarrowtheincomegap,themostcommonpractice(exercisedinwesterncountries)istolevystrictlyregulatedpersonalincometax.14第14頁profiteerv.Tomakelargeprofitsesp.bytakingadvantageoftimesofdifficultyorscarity,eg,inwar牟取暴利eg.Theyprofiteeredenormouslyduringthewar.他們在戰(zhàn)爭時期大發(fā)不義之財。n.奸商frustrate

vt.

1.Topreventfromaccomplishingapurposeorfulfillingadesire;thwart妨礙,挫敗eg.Theymadetheirpreparationstofrustratetheconspiracy.他們作好準(zhǔn)備挫敗這個陰謀。2.Tocausefeelingsofdiscouragementorbafflementin

使氣餒喪氣eg.Hewasfrustrated

byrepeatedfailures.他因一再失敗而氣餒喪氣。15第15頁indulgent

a.Yieldingtothedesiresandwhimsof,especiallytoanexcessivedegree;lenient縱容;放縱;溺愛;遷就eg.Sheisindulgent

tohergrandchildren.她溺愛孫兒女。2.Tolerant,good-tempered寬容;寬大[(+of/towards)]eg.1)Heisindulgent

towardshispupils.他對學(xué)生很寬容。2)Mr.Greenisindulgent

ofothers'shortcomings.格林先生對他人缺點總是寬大為懷。indulge

v.縱容，放縱indulgence

n.放任16第16頁10Unfortunately,thispracticedoesn’tfunctionwellinChinaduetothefledglingfinancialandbankingsystemsofthecountry,eventhoughithasbeenpursuedforabouttenyears,theweeklysaid.據(jù)周刊所載，不幸是，因為中國財政和金融系統(tǒng)尚不健全，盡管這種做法已經(jīng)實施了，對于縮小差距作用依然不大。11Forinstance,cashhasbeenplayingamajorroleintrade;therefore,itisdifficultforthegovernmenttocheckoutexactindividualincomelevels.例如，由于交易主要使用現(xiàn)金，所以政府很難查清個人確切收入水平。fledgling

adj.Newandinexperienced年輕或無經(jīng)驗pursuevt.Goonwith繼續(xù)做17第17頁另一個被普遍嘗試做法是，采取健全社會福利機(jī)制，改進(jìn)窮人生活水平，這些辦法普通包含住房、養(yǎng)老金、醫(yī)療、教育及救助資金等方面。12Theotherpracticethathasalsobeenuniversallytriedistoraisethestandardsofthepoorbyoperatingasoundsocialwelfaremechanismwhichusuallycoverslodging,pension,medicalcare,educationandrelieffunds.13Chinahasasimilarbutnotsosoundasystem,whichdidindeedcontributemuchtoincreasingtherealincomeofmostChineseinthepre-reformera.中國有一套類似但并不十分健全體制，這套體制在改革前為提升多數(shù)中國人實際收入做出了很大貢獻(xiàn)。18第18頁sound

adj.1.Healthy;ingoodcondition健康;健全eg.Sheissoundinbodyandmind.她身心健康。2.完好;堅固eg.Iboughtthissoundhouseforasong.我以低價買了這所完好無損房子。3.Basedonvalidreasoning合理,明智eg.1)Iactedonhersoundadvice.我按她忠言去做了。2)Hehasasoundknowledgeofscience.他有良好科學(xué)知識。4.Thorough;complete徹底;不折不扣eg.Hisfathergavehimasoundbeatingformakingtrouble.他父親因他搗蛋而狠狠打了他一頓。adv.

十分地,充分地;酣暢地eg.HewasstillsoundasleepwhenIwentin.我走進(jìn)去時他還在酣睡。19第19頁14However,effortsseemtobeinadequateincomingtothelowincomepeople'srescue,especiallyinaperiodwhenreformshaveresultedinsomepeoplelosingtheirjobs.就低收入者救助而言，這些努力似乎還不夠，尤其是在改革使一些人失去了工作這一段時期。15Infact,afewcitiesinthecountryhavestartedtohandoutasortofreliefallowancetopeoplewhocanbarelymaintaintheirsubsistence.16Thepractice,asupplementtothesocialsecuritysystem,isdesignedmainlytocovertwogroupsofpeopleinthesociety.實際上，中國幾座城市已經(jīng)著手向那些幾乎不能維持生活人發(fā)放救助補(bǔ)助。這種做法是對社會安全辦法一個補(bǔ)充，它主要是對社會上兩類人提供服務(wù)。20第20頁17Thetraditionalgroupincludesthedisabledandretiredwithoutpensions.Thesecondgroupconsistsofpeopledisplacedfromenterprises(runningintheredorgoingbankrupt).前一類包含沒有養(yǎng)老金殘疾人和退休人員。另一類包含從那些虧損或靠近破產(chǎn)企業(yè)下崗人員。displace

vt.1.Todischargefromanofficeorposition撤換，把…免職2.Totaketheplaceof替換eg.Televisionisdisplacingthemovies.電視逐步取代了電影。inthered虧損eg.I'm$100intheredthismonth.我這個月負(fù)債一百元。21第21頁18AccordingtoDojiCering,MinisterofCivilAffairs,boththeinstitutionofthereliefallowanceinsomecitiesandminimumwagesinsomeenterpriseshaveprovedsuccessfulinmaintainingsocialstabilityandsocialjustice.Thegovernmentorgansconcernedareconsideringcarryingoutthesemeasuresnationwide.However,thekeypointofthisissueisthecentralgovernmentisnotabletoserveasthesolesourceofthereliefallowance.Morechannelsareexpectedtobeexploredtoraisemorefunds.據(jù)民政部部長多吉才讓介紹，一些城市實施發(fā)放救助金制度和一些企業(yè)實施最低工資保障制度已成功地維持了社會穩(wěn)定與社會公正。相關(guān)政府機(jī)構(gòu)正在考慮在全國范圍內(nèi)推行這些辦法。然而，問題關(guān)鍵是，中央政府無法成為發(fā)放救助補(bǔ)助惟一起源。人們期望政府開辟更多渠道來籌集這些資金。22第22頁19Inthisregard,Shenyang,thecapitalcityofLiaoningProvinceandalsoapilotcityofthatsystem,isagoodexample.在這方面，遼寧省省會沈陽市，作為率先推行這一制度城市，為其它城市樹立了一個好榜樣.20ThereliefallowanceinShenyangcomesfromdiversechannels.Enterprises,assortedpartyandgovernmentorganisationsandgovernmentfactoriesatalllevelstherearethethreemainsourcesforthereliefallowance,afundcreatedatthecitylevel.沈陽市發(fā)放救助金起源于各種渠道。企業(yè)、各級黨政機(jī)關(guān)及政府管轄工廠成為這種救助金三種主要起源。這是一個市級救助基金。23第23頁pilot

adj.Servingasatentativemodelforfutureexperimentordevelopment試驗性eg.1)apilotproject試點項目2)Thisyearwearetryingapilotscheme.今年我們正在嘗試一項小規(guī)模試驗性計劃。inlinewithinagreementwith與…一致，與…符合eg.1)Hisideasaren’tinlinewithmine.他想法與我不一樣。2)Yourplanisinlinewithmyideas.你計劃符合我想法。24第24頁21Thefundsraisedinthefinancialsectorarehandledbythelocalbank.Theindividualgovernmentfunctionariesareexpectedtodonatemoneythroughtheso-called‘WarmProject’.金融領(lǐng)域籌集資金由當(dāng)?shù)劂y行管理，政府公務(wù)員個人能夠經(jīng)過“溫暖工程”捐款。22Anotherkeypointinthismatt