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英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷2(共9套)(共44題)英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第1套一、漢譯英(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、大陸和臺灣同屬一個中國。中國是兩岸同胞的中國,是兩岸同胞的共同家園。任何制造所謂“臺灣獨立”、“兩個中國”、“一中一臺”的分裂圖謀和行為,均為兩岸同胞所反對。兩岸“三通”,是兩岸同胞共同利益之所在,也是兩岸交往不斷擴大的必然要求,不應受到任何人為因素和政治因素的阻礙。我們希望盡快實現(xiàn)兩岸全面“三通”,以開創(chuàng)兩岸經(jīng)濟合作新局面,造福于兩岸同胞。標準答案:BoththemainlandandTaiwanbelongtooneChina.ChinaisthecommonhomelandofcompatriotsonbothsidesoftheStraits.Anyseparatistattemptandactionaimedatcookingup"Taiwanindependence,""twoChinas,"and"oneChina,oneTaiwan"willbeopposedbypeopleonbothsidesoftheStraits.The"threedirectlinks"accordswiththecommoninterestsofthepeopleacrosstheStraits.Itistheinevitablerequirementofconstantlyexpandingcross-Straitscontactsandshouldnotbehamperedbyanyartificialorpoliticalfactors.Wehopetorealizethe"threedirectlinks"atanearlydateandacrosstheboard,soastoopenupanewsituationforcross-StraitseconomiccooperationandbenefitcompatriotsonbothsidesoftheStraits.知識點解析:暫無解析2、全會提出:著力保障和改善民生,必須逐步完善符合國情、比較完整、覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)、可持續(xù)的基本公共服務(wù)體系,提高政府保障能力,推進基本公共服務(wù)均等化。要加強社會建設(shè)、建立健全基本公共服務(wù)體系,促進就業(yè)和構(gòu)建和諧勞動關(guān)系,合理調(diào)整收入分配關(guān)系,努力提高居民收入在國民收入分配中的比重、勞動報酬在初次分配中的比重,健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)居民的社會保障體系,加快醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展,全面做好人口工作,加強和創(chuàng)新社會管理,正確處理人民內(nèi)部矛盾,切實維護社會和諧穩(wěn)定。標準答案:Theplenumcalledforensuringandimprovingpeople’slivelihoodsbygraduallyperfectingthefundamentalpublicservicesystemthatshouldbeworkinginlinewithChina’soverallsituation,relativelycomprehensive,coveringurbanandruralareas,andsustainable;byenhancingthegovernment’scapacityforsafeguardingpeople’slivelihoods;andbypromotingequalfundamentalpublicservices.Effortsshouldalsobemadetoreinforcesocialconstructionandestablishandimproveafundamentalpublicservicesystem,topromoteemploymentandharmoniouslaborrelations,toreasonablyadjustincomedistribution,toincreasetheratioofpeople’sincomestothenationalincomeandtheratioofworkers’incomesintheprimarydistributionofnationalincome,toperfectthesocialsecuritysystemthatcoversurbanandruralresidents,toacceleratethereformanddevelopmentofthehealthcaresector,todoagoodjobinpopulationmanagement,toenhanceandinnovateinsocialmanagement,toproperlyhandlecontradictionsamongthepeople,andtotakeconcretemeasurestosecuresocialharmonyandstability.知識點解析:暫無解析3、今年以來,我國連續(xù)發(fā)生嚴重自然災害,給受災地區(qū)群眾生產(chǎn)生活造成嚴重影響。在各部門各地區(qū)共同努力下,抗災救災工作取得了顯著成績。當前,安置受災群眾、開展災后恢復重建工作很繁重,中央有關(guān)部門、受災地區(qū)各級黨委和政府一定要高度重視,科學規(guī)劃,加大投入,精心組織,全力抓好。要切實安排好受災群眾基本生活,抓緊制定和實施災后恢復重建規(guī)劃,全面抓好各項生產(chǎn)特別是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn),幫助受災群眾重建家園,促進災區(qū)經(jīng)濟社會全面發(fā)展。要堅持興利除害結(jié)合、防災減災并重、治標治本兼顧、政府社會協(xié)同,盡快啟動水利重點薄弱環(huán)節(jié)工程建設(shè),加快建立地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)區(qū)調(diào)查評價體系、監(jiān)測預警體系、防治體系、應急體系,提高對自然災害的綜合防范和抵御能力。標準答案:Thecountrywashitbyawaveofseriousnaturaldisastersfromthebeginningofthisyear,whichhavecausedgravedamagetothelivesofpeopleinthedisaster-hitareas.Withjointeffortsofvariousdepartmentsandlocalities,remarkableprogresshasbeenmadeinthereliefandrescueprocesses.Atpresent,thecountrystillfacesarduoustasksofhelpingtheresettlementofaffectedresidentsandrebuildingthedisaster-hitareas.RelevantdepartmentsofthecentralgovernmentandalllevelsoftheCPCunitsandgovernmentofficesinthedisaster-hitareasshouldpayhighattentiontothesetasks.Theyshouldscientificallyplan,increaseinputin,meticulouslyorganize,andseriouslycarryoutrecoveryefforts.Theyshouldtendtotheaffectedpeople’sbasiclivingneeds,speedupdraftingandimplementationofreconstructionplans,helpbringthelocaleconomy,especiallyagriculturalproduction,backontrack,helptheaffectedpeoplerebuildhomes,andfacilitatesocialandeconomicdevelopment.Duringthereconstruction,theymustcontinuouslycombineimprovementswithreductionsindamage,balancedisasterpreventionandreductionefforts,tackleproblemsatrootandatsurface,andjoingovernmentandsocialefforts.Programstoaddresstheweaknessesofwaterresourcesprojectsshouldbestartedassoonaspossible.Effortsshouldalsobespeduptoestablishriskassessmentsystems,monitoringnetworks,anddisasterpreventionandemergencyresponsesystemsindisaster-proneareas,inabidtostrengthenthecountry’scomprehensiveabilitytoheadoffanddealwithnaturaldisasters.知識點解析:暫無解析4、解決13億人的問題,不能靠別人,只能靠自己。中華人民共和國成立以來,我們的建設(shè)取得了很大成就,同時也走了一些彎路,失去了一些機遇。從1978年開始改革開放,我們終于找到了一條發(fā)展自己的正確道路。這就是:中國人民獨立自主地建設(shè)中國特色的社會主義。這條道路的精髓,就是調(diào)動一切積極因素,解放和發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力,尊重和保障中國人民追求幸福的自由。中國的改革開放,從農(nóng)村到城市,從經(jīng)濟領(lǐng)域到政治、文化、社會領(lǐng)域。它的每一步深入,說到底,都是為了放手讓一切勞動、知識、技術(shù)、管理和資本的活力競相進發(fā),讓一切創(chuàng)造社會財富的源泉充分涌流。標準答案:Wecanrelyonnooneexceptourselvestoresolvetheproblemsfacingour1.3billionpeople.SincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublic,wehaveachievedmuchinournationalreconstruction;atthesametimewehavemadeafewdetoursandmissedsomeopportunities.By1978,withtheadoptionofthereformandopening-uppolicies,wehadultimatelyfoundtherightpathofdevelopment—theChinesepeople’spathofindependentlybuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.Theessenceofthispathistomobilizeallpositivefactors,emancipateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,andrespectandprotectthefreedomoftheChinesepeopletopursuehappiness.China’sreformandopening-uphavespreadfromruralareastothecities,fromtheeconomicfieldtothepolitical,culturalandsocialarenas.Eachandeverystepforwardisdesigned,inthefinalanalysis,toreleasethegushingvitalityoflabor,knowledge,technology,managerialexpertiseandcapital,andallowallsourcesofsocialwealthtoflowtothefullestextent.知識點解析:暫無解析5、半個多世紀前,我們的先輩曾經(jīng)聚集在一起,建立了聯(lián)合國。58年來,聯(lián)合國在維護世界和地區(qū)和平,推動人類進步發(fā)展方面的成就有目共睹?!堵?lián)合國憲章》中“彼此以善鄰之道,和睦相處”,“促成大自由中之社會進步及較善之民生”等精神,已被國際社會廣泛認同。標準答案:Overhalfacenturyago,ourforefathersworkedtogethertogivebirthtotheUnitedNations.Thepast58yearswitnessedtheorganization’snotableaccomplishmentsinpreservingpeaceinregionsandaroundtheworldandpromotinghumandevelopmentandprogress.ThespiritoftheUNCharter,characterizedbysuchwordsas"tolivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbors"and"topromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargefreedom",hasbeenwidelyacceptedintheinternationalcommunity.知識點解析:暫無解析英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第2套一、漢譯英(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、中國正日益成為外國游客的目的地。中國一度被認為不是理想的旅游目的地,但現(xiàn)在已擁有很多國際水準的新賓館。古城西安是中國最著名的旅游城市之一,它建于公元前2世紀,以古老建筑以及保衛(wèi)中國第一皇帝(秦始皇)陵墓的象征性軍隊的兵馬俑而著稱于世。北京是另一個廣受歡迎的旅游勝地。作為有700多年歷史的古都,它是故宮、紫禁城、頤和園的所在地。北京附近有中國富于傳奇色彩的長城保存最好的一段。中國還有其他鮮為人知的景點。如桂林以其山青水秀著稱,有一句世代相傳的中國諺語說:“桂林山水甲天下”。標準答案:Increasingly,Chinaisbecomingadestinationforinternationaltourists.Onceconsideredadifficultplacetovisit,Chinanowhasmanynew,internationalcaliberhotels.Oneofthebest-knownplacestovisitinChinaistheancientcityofXi’an.BuiltinthesecondcenturyBC,thecityisfamousforitshistoricarchitecture,aswellasasymbolic"army"ofterracotta"warriorsandhorses"whichguardsthetombofChina’sfirstemperor,Qinshihuang.Beijingisanotherpopulardestination.AsChina’scapitalformorethan700years,itisthehomeofthePalaceMuseum,theForbiddenCityandtheSummerPalace.NearbyisoneofthebestpreservedsectionsofChina’slegendaryGreatWall.Thereareother,lesserknownsightsaswell.ThecityofGuilinisrenownedforitsgreenhillsandclearwater.Acenturies-oldChinesesayingstates:"Thebeautyofallmountainsandwatersisdwarfed,whencomparedwiththoseinGuilin.知識點解析:暫無解析2、大致有兩類離家出遠門的人——觀光客和旅行者。觀光客得到的是一種模擬的感受。他們享受舒適豪華,與現(xiàn)實世界隔絕,全然不知旅行的真諦。而旅行者則歷經(jīng)艱難。他們是獨立自主的,囊中羞澀的,并且能夠忍受各種不便。旅行的精彩正在于此。中國民俗文化村是國內(nèi)第一個薈萃各民族的民間、民俗風情和民居建筑于一園的大型文化游覽區(qū)。它坐落在風光秀麗的深圳灣畔,占地18萬平方米。您可以在一日之內(nèi),或乘車,或步行,或乘船在村寨里盡情游歷,除了可以了解各民族的建筑風格之外,還可以欣賞和參與各民族的歌舞表演、民族工藝品生產(chǎn)和民族風味食品制作的表演。標準答案:Therearegenerallytwokindsofpeopleontheroadawayfromhome—touristsandtravelers.Touristsaretheoneshavingthesimulatedexperience.Enjoyingcomfortandluxury,shelteredfromreality,theydon’tknowwhattravelingisallabout.Travelers,ontheotherhand,suffer.Theyareindependent,impecuniousandabletotoleratealldegreesofdiscomfort.Thisistravelatitsbest.ChinaFolkCultureVillages,thefirstlargeculturesightseeingspotwithinthecountry,combinesthepopulace,folkcustomsandpopulararchitectureofeachethnicexcellenceinagarden.LocatedinthescenicsplendorsofShenzhenBay,itcoversanareaof180,000squaremeters.Youmaytouraroundthevillagesbycar,byboatoronfoot.Notonlycanyougettoknowthearchitecturestyleofeachnationalitybutalsoenjoyandparticipateintheethnicsinginganddancingperformance,aswellasthemakingoftheethniccraftsandcui-sine.知識點解析:暫無解析3、在1985年和1991年中國十大風景名勝和中國旅游勝地四十佳評選活動中,桂林山水均排名第二。1998年,國家旅游局授予桂林“中國優(yōu)秀旅游城市”稱號。桂林在發(fā)展旅游業(yè)中,著力于風景建設(shè),漓江的綜合治理,改善和提高旅游接待能力等方面。近二十多年來,桂林旅游業(yè)有了長足的發(fā)展,基本形成了具有多功能、多層次的旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和全方位、高質(zhì)量的旅游接待服務(wù)體系,成為中外矚目的旅游熱點城市。近些年來,桂林接待入境游客數(shù)始終排在全國旅游城市的前十名之內(nèi)。1998年即使受東南亞金融危機的影響,桂林接待入境游客仍達41萬人次,國內(nèi)游客為600萬人次。標準答案:In1985and1991,Guilin’smountainsandriverrankedsecondbothinthetoptenPlacesofInterestandintheFortyBestTouristAttractionsinChina.In1998,ChinaNationalTourismAdministrationnamedGuilinoneoftheTopTouristCitiesinChina.Duringtheprocessofdevelopingatouristindustry,Guilinattachedgreatimportancetoconstructingtouristattractions,maintainingtheLiRiver,andimprovingitscapacitytoreceivetourists.Aftermorethan20years’development,Guilinhasmaderemarkableprogressinthetouristindustry,basicallyformingamulti-functionalandmulti-levelsystemaswellasoverallhigh-qualitytouristreceptioncapacity.Guilinhasbecomeaworld-renownedtouristcity.Inrecentyears,Guilinhasalwaysrankedwithinthetop10intermsofinternationaltouristarrivals.In1998internationaltouristsnumbered410,000anddomestictouristsreached6million,despitetheeffectsofthefinancialcrisisinsoutheasternAsiancountries.知識點解析:暫無解析4、旅游是一種集觀光、娛樂、健身為一體的愉快而美好的活動。旅游業(yè)隨著時代進步而不斷發(fā)展。20世紀中葉以來,現(xiàn)代旅游在世界范圍迅速興起,旅游人數(shù)不斷增加,旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模持續(xù)擴大,旅游經(jīng)濟地位顯著提升,旅游活動日益成為各國人民交流文化、增進友誼、擴大交往的重要渠道,對人類生活和社會進步產(chǎn)生越來越廣泛的影響。古往今來,旅游一直是人們增長知識、豐富閱歷、強健體魄的美好追求。在古代,中國先哲們就提出了“觀國之光”的思想,倡導“讀萬卷書,行萬里路”,游歷名山大川,承天地之靈氣,接山水之精華。標準答案:Tourismisapopularandpleasantactivitythatcombinessightseeing,recreationandhealthcare.Withthepassageoftime,tourismhasbeendeveloping.Sincethemiddleofthe20thcentury,tourismhasbeengrowingatafastpacearoundtheworld.Thenumberoftouristshasbeenrising,thescaleofthetourismindustryhasconstantlybeenexpanding,andtheimportanceoftourismintheeconomyhasgrownobviously.Tourismactsgraduallyasanimportantbridgeforculturalexchangeandfriendship,anditexertsasteadilybroadeninginfluenceondailylifeandsocialprogressamongpeopleofvariouscountries.Fromancienttimestothepresent,tourismhasdemonstratedthehappywishofthepeopleformoreknowledge,variedexperienceandgoodhealth.Inthedistantpast,Chinesethinkersrecommended/raisedtheideaof"appreciatingthelandscapethroughsightseeing."Ancientpeoplealsoproposedto"traveltenthousandliandreadtenthousandbooks,"whichshowstheyfoundpleasureinenrichingthemselvesmentallyandphysicallythroughtravelingoverfamousmountainsandrivers.知識點解析:暫無解析5、新中國成立后特別是改革開放以來,中國政府高度重視旅游工作,旅游業(yè)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展,已經(jīng)成為一個富有蓬勃活力和巨大潛力的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)。目前,中國人境旅游人數(shù)和旅游外匯收人躍居世界前列,出境旅游人數(shù)迅速增加,已經(jīng)成為旅游大國。中國是一個歷史悠久的文明古國,也是一個充滿時代生機的東方大國,擁有許多得天獨厚的旅游資源。自然風光旖旎秀美,歷史文化博大精深,56個民族風情濃郁,目前已被列人世界文化遺產(chǎn)地和世界自然遺產(chǎn)地達29處。在改革開放的推動下,現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)突飛猛進,城鄉(xiāng)面貌日新月異。古代中國的風采神韻與現(xiàn)代中國的蓬勃英姿交相輝映。這些都為發(fā)展國內(nèi)外旅游創(chuàng)造了優(yōu)越的條件。標準答案:AfterthefoundingofNewChina,especiallysincetheopeninguptotheoutsideworldandthereform,theChinesegovernmenthasgivencloseattentiontothetourismindustry,whichhasbeenundergoingsteadyandfastgrowthasanemergingdynamicandpotentiallystrongindustry.Presently,Chinaranksamongthetopdestinationsintheworldintermsofbothtouristarrivalsandforeigncurrencyreceipts.Thenumbersofouroutboundtouristsarealsoincreasingrapidly.Chinaisnowanimportanttourismcountry.Asacountrywithalonghistoryofcivilization,Chinaisavastorientalnationfullofmodernvitality,uniqueintherichnessandvarietyofitstourismresources.Besidespicturesquenaturalscenery,lengthyhistoryandcomplexculture,Chinaembodiesthedifferentfolkcustomsof56nationalities.Now,thereare29placesthathavebeenlistedasWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritagessites.Asaresultofopening-upandreform,China’smodernizationdriveissurgingahead,andthecitiesandthecountryareexperiencingdailychanges.TheancientgloryofChinaanditsmodernboomaddradianceandcharmtoeachother,joiningtocreateidealconditionsfordevelopingdomesticandinternationaltourism.知識點解析:暫無解析英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第3套一、漢譯英(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、70年代以來,美國華人社會發(fā)生了重大的變化。最顯著的是許多來自大陸的中國人不斷涌人美國,使美國華人的人數(shù)猛增。隨著華人人口的迅猛增加和華族素質(zhì)的明顯提高,華人經(jīng)濟日趨繁榮。據(jù)悉,自1986年起,美國華人經(jīng)濟已躍居全美少數(shù)民族之首,遙遙領(lǐng)先于日裔、韓裔等其他后裔。美國華人家庭的年均收入已超過美國白人家庭。目前,一批華人企業(yè)家在美國經(jīng)濟界享有一定聲望。更可喜的是,近年來美國冒出一批知名華裔科技人才。他們的科技成就引起了國際科技界的注意和欽佩。同時華人的政治意識明顯提高,涉足美國政界的人越來越多。標準答案:Sincethe1970stheChinesecommunityintheUSAhasundergonetremendouschanges,a-mongwhichisitsrapidincreaseinpopulationasmanyChinesehavekeptfloodingintoAmerica’sshore.AsthepopulationoftheAmericancitizensofChinesedescenthaveincreasedandtheirqualitieshaveevidentlyimproved,sotheireconomicconditionshaveprospered.Itissaidthatsince1986theUScitizensofChinesedescenthaveleapttoagoodleadoverotherracialminorities,JapaneseandKoreans,forinstance.TheaverageChinesefamily’syearlyincomehasnowcometoexceedthatoftheaverageAmericanfamily.AtpresentthereisanumberofenterprisersofChinesedescentintheeconomiccirclesintheUSwhoenjoyconsiderablefame.AnevenmorecheerfulphenomenonisthatinrecentyearstherehavesprungupintheUSprominentscientificandethnicaltalentsofChinesedescent.Theirachievementshavecometocommandthenoticeandadmirationofscientistsandethnicalexpertsintheworld.Meanwhile,ChinesedescentcitizenshavemorerolestoplayinAmericanpoliticalcircles,astheyhaverisenevidentlyinpoliticalstatus.知識點解析:暫無解析2、不同的人對退休持不同的態(tài)度。有些人認為退休后可以好好享受晚年的生活。但真的退下來了,他們則有點失望。看到自己就要被拋到廢物堆里,他們不甘認命,設(shè)法另找事干來發(fā)揮自己的余熱,以繼續(xù)得到收入。另一些人則對一生中這樣一個重大變動早有準備。他們一生為工作操勞,現(xiàn)在筋疲力盡了,渴望退休后能放松拉緊的弦,好好休息。由于不再需要每天早晨去趕公共汽車了,不再要為晉級憂慮,就可以有足夠的時間去追求童年時的夢想,如寫寫書、畫畫圖、種種花、周游各地??偟恼f來,女的要比男的歡迎退休。她們退休后完全過一種家庭生活,沒有像男的一樣感到可怕。標準答案:Attitudestowardsretirementvaryfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthattheywillenjoytheirtimeinretirement,butwhenitcomestheymayfeelalittledisappointed.Unwillingtoresignthemselvestotheprospectofbeingputonthescrapheap,theytrytoseekalternativeoutletsfortheirenergiesandalternativesourcesofincomethatemploymentcanprovide.Othershavealreadypreparedthemselvesforthesignificantchangeintheirlives.Tiredoutafterallexhaustingliferevolvingaroundwork,theyareanxioustorelaxinretirementwithallthestrainsrelieved.Asthereisnomoreneedtorushtocatchamorningbusandnomoreanxietyaboutpromotion,theynowhaveenoughtimetofulfillanolddream,suchaswriting,painting,growingflowersandtravelingaround.Onthewhole,femaleworkerstendtohaveamorefavorableattitudetowardsretirementthanmaleworkers.Withdrawlfromemploymenttocompletedomesticityisafarlessthreateningexperienceforawomanthanforaman.知識點解析:暫無解析3、最近在高校畢業(yè)生擇業(yè)問題上出現(xiàn)一種傾向,這就是畢業(yè)生越來越青睞大公司。很少人愿意到研究單位。在崇尚物質(zhì)的社會里,這是一個不可避免的問題。學生還沒有走出校門,大公司便在競相聘用他們,向他們提供具有誘惑力的薪水和福利待遇。另一方面,由于許多大企業(yè),甚至包括一些政府部門往往看重直接經(jīng)濟效益,而相對來說對長期的理論研究不感興趣,所以科研人員不斷從純理論研究領(lǐng)域流向?qū)嵱霉I(yè)。因為在那里工作要比研究領(lǐng)域里好找,工資也往往高。這些情況不僅嚴重影響青年人的擇業(yè)觀,而且還影響了教育。許多教師哀嘆,現(xiàn)在單純?yōu)榱藢W知識而學習的人越來越少了。標準答案:Arecentphenomenoninthechoiceofcareersonthepartofcollegegraduatesistheincreasingtrendtowardsbigcompanies.Fewareinterestedinresearchfields.Thisisanunavoidableprobleminamaterialisticsociety,wheretemptingsalariesandfringebenefitsareofferedbybigcompaniestocompetewitheachothertorecruitstudentsbeforetheyhavecompletedtheirstudies.Ontheotherhand,asmanybigenterprisesandevengovernmentdepartmentstendtoconcentrateonimmediateeconomicresultsandshowcomparativelylittleinterestinlongrangeresearch,thereisasteadyshiftofscientistsandresearchersfromthepureresearchtotheappliedfield,wheretherearemorejobsavailablewithbettersalaries.Allthishasnotonlyseriouslyinfluencedyoungpeople’sviewonthechoiceofcareers,butoneducationaswell.Manycollegeteachersdeplorethatfewerandfewerstudentsthesedaysacquireknowledgeonlyforitsownsake.知識點解析:暫無解析4、在過去的二十年里,有將近50萬的中國知識分子去了西方國家,特別是美國。據(jù)說上海在國外的音樂家足以組成一個世界一流的交響樂團。在科技界、醫(yī)學界和體育界,同樣存在相同的情況。中國知識分子移居國外是因為他們認為在國內(nèi)不能充分發(fā)揮自己的才能。由于各種各樣的原因,他們常常感到心情壓抑,事業(yè)受挫。這種情況相當糟糕。曾一度由于一批又一批的人才流向國外,我們的人才發(fā)生嚴重短缺。這種情況一直到九十年代初才有所改變。因為政府做出了努力從社會尊重和經(jīng)濟待遇上提高知識分子的地位。標準答案:ThelasttwentyyearshasbroughtnearlyhalfamillionChineseintellectualsintotheWesternworld,especiallyintotheUnitedStates.ItissaidthatShanghai’smusiciansabroadcouldformaworldclasssymphonyorchestra.Asimilarstoryhasbeentoldinscience,medicineandsportscircles.Chineseintellectualsemigratebecausetheybelievetheycannotbringtheirtalentintofullplayinthehomeland.Theyoftenfeeldepressedandfrustratedforavarietyofreasons.Thesituationwassogrimthatoncewesufferedanacuteshortageoftalent,asonebatchofgiftedpeopleafteranotherhadgoneabroad.Itdidn’tchangemuchuntiltheearly1990whentheeffortswasmadebythegovernmenttoupgradethestatusoftheintellectuals,bothsocialandeconomic.知識點解析:暫無解析5、有些人擔心電腦技術(shù)的廣泛使用會進一步惡化就業(yè)形勢。但另一種觀點認為盡管這對個人來說會丟掉飯碗,對整個社會來說由于提高了生產(chǎn)率,因而有利于經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。不管對社會影響如何,有一點是肯定的:有技術(shù)的人變得越來越吃香,沒技術(shù)的人工作越來越難找。標準答案:Somepeopleareworryingthatthewideuseofcomputertechnologywillcausefurtherunemployment.Anotherargument,however,holdsthatalthoughsomeindividualswilllosetheirjobs,societyasawholewillbenefiteconomicallythroughincreasesinproductivity.Despiteitseffectsonsociety,onethingiscertain:thetechnicallytrainedwillbecomeevermorevaluable,whilethejobsfortheblue-collarpopulationwillbecomelessavailable.知識點解析:暫無解析英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第4套一、漢譯英(本題共4題,每題1.0分,共4分。)1、電腦對社會行為有著深刻的影響。計算機處理的觸手可及,使得那些在其他方面都被認為是好市民的人發(fā)現(xiàn)自己沉迷在不道德行為,甚至是非法行為中。對有版權(quán)軟件的盜版行為四處可見,而近期大量報道的如黑客人侵、病毒制造、電腦行騙以及侵犯隱私等等事件,使得要求電腦業(yè)擁有新道德觀和制定保護市民不受電腦化的無政府狀態(tài)侵害的新法規(guī)的呼聲越來越高了。短短的40年期間,電腦已成為復雜社會的運轉(zhuǎn)核心,沒有電腦和通訊系統(tǒng),許多生產(chǎn)制造業(yè),工業(yè),商業(yè),運輸和銷售業(yè),政府部門,軍隊,公共醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù),教育,以及研究工作都會停滯下來。但是隨著社會越來越依靠電腦,社會也越來越易受人類濫用電腦的影響。標準答案:Computersarehavingaprofoundeffectonsocialbehavior.Witheasyaccesstoprocessingpower,individualswho,ineveryotherrespect,couldberegardedasgoodcitizensnowfindthemselvesindulginginunethical—andevenunlawful—behavior.Thetheftofcopyrightsoftwareiswidespread,whilerecent,well-publicizedincidentsofhacking,viruscreation,computer-basedfraud,andinvasionofprivacyhavebeenfollowedbyarisingchorusofcallsforanewmoralityincomputingandnewlawstoprotectcitizensfromcomputerizedanarchy.Intheshortspaceoffortyyears,computershavebecomecentraltotheoperationofcomplexsocieties.Withoutcomputersandcommunicationsystems,muchofmanufacturing,industry,commerce,transportanddistribution,government,themilitary,healthservices,education,andresearchwouldgrindtoahalt.Yetassocietybecomesmoredependentoncomputers,italsobecomesmorevulnerabletothemisuseofcomputersbyhumanbeings.知識點解析:暫無解析2、由于電腦業(yè)是一個相對比較新和開放的領(lǐng)域,所以電腦職業(yè)本身既無時間,也無組織能力去建立一套有約束力的道德規(guī)范。歷史久一些的職業(yè),如醫(yī)學業(yè)和法律業(yè),已有差不多幾個世紀的時間來形成他們的行為準則。另外還有一個問題是,和醫(yī)生或律師的開業(yè)有所不同,電腦的使用超出了電腦行業(yè)本身的范圍。我們現(xiàn)在都是電腦用戶,在某種程度上,我們都和從事電腦職業(yè)的人一樣,面臨著同樣的道德困惑和忠信矛盾。許多的道德困惑如,是否盜版軟件——就是新的“灰色地帶”,已被接受的準則或社會慣例中很少有這種灰色地帶,更不用說已制定的判例法了。標準答案:Becausecomputingisarelativelynewandopenfield,thecomputerprofessionassuchhashadneitherthetimenortheorganizationalcapabilitytoestablishabindingsetofmoralrulesorethics.Olderprofessions,likemedicineandthelaw,havehadliterallycenturiestoformulatetheircodesofconduct.Andthereisanotherproblem,too:computerusage,unlikethepracticeofmedicineorofthelaw,goesoutsidetheprofession.Weareallcomputerusersnow,andwearealltosomeextentfacedwiththesameethicaldilemmasandconflictsofloyaltyascomputerprofessionals.Manyofthesedilemmaswhetherornottocopysoftware,forinstancearenew"greyareas"forwhichthereislittleinthewayofacceptedrulesorsocialconventions,letaloneestablishedcaselaw.知識點解析:暫無解析3、現(xiàn)在的大學生的學習壓力相當重。除了大四,他們開始找工作了,其余的學生總是忙于學習,而不愿參加校園團體和俱樂部,不愿參加體育鍛煉和其他課外活動,不愿關(guān)心和學習沒有關(guān)系的事。總之,他們就像一個機器人??吹酵瑢嬍依锏娜硕忌蠄D書館學習,到深夜閉館才回,而自己卻去看電影,他們就會有一種內(nèi)疚感。一想到白天什么事都沒干,心里就感到不安,會整夜因此睡不好覺。他們的學習太緊張,幾乎沒有時間好好品嘗生活,干些其他事,成為一個全面發(fā)展的人。讀大學使他們失去太多的個人幸福和健康。標準答案:Nowadaysuniversitystudentssuffergreatpressurefromtheirstudies.Allofthem,exceptseniorstudentswhohavebeguntolookforajob,arealwaysbusywiththeirstudies.Theyarereluctanttoparticipateincampusorganizationsandclubs,physicalexercisesoranyotherextracurricularactivities,andunwillingtocareaboutthingsthathavenothingtodowithstudies.Inconclusion,theyarelikerobots.Theywillfeelguiltyiftheygotothecinemawhiletheirroommatesarestudyinginthelibraryuntilitisclosedlateatnight.Thinkingofthedaythathaspassedwithoutanygain,theywillfeeltoouneasytohaveagoodsleep.Theyaresooccupiedwiththeirstudiesthattheyhavenotimetoenjoytheirlivesortodoanyotherthingstodevelopthemselvesinanall-aroundway.Universitystudieshavedeprivedthemoftoomuchpersonalhappinessandhealth.知識點解析:暫無解析4、改革開放以來農(nóng)村人口向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移勢如潮涌,到城市尋求就業(yè)機會的中青年農(nóng)民與日俱增。由于他們大多不是只生一個,其攜帶的多子女就學問題的凸顯,給當?shù)氐牧x務(wù)教育帶來了新問題。據(jù)教育部介紹,目前相當一部分城市尚未將這些流動少兒的就學納人本區(qū)域教育事業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃中,對流動少兒的底數(shù)不清,尤其在流動少兒大量聚集的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部,經(jīng)費壓力不斷增大導致政府管理不到位?!皟和珗@是什么,我從來沒聽說過?!?歲的小姑娘晶晶怯生生地問老師。她是父母到杭州打工后出生的,父母一天到晚忙著賣大餅、油條的生意。節(jié)假日城里的孩子能與大人外出旅游,她想都不敢想,因為那時候父母總是最忙碌。標準答案:Sincetheintroductionofthepolicyofreformandopening-up,ruralpopulationhasbeenfloodingintourbanareasandthenumberofyoungandmiddle-agedfarmersthatcometothecitiesinsearchofemploymentisgrowingdaybyday.Duetothefactthattheyusuallyhavemorethanonechild,theirchildren’seducationhasbecomeaconspicuousproblem,whichhasposednewchallengestothelocalcompulsoryeducationsystem.AccordingtotheMinistryofEducation,bynowtherearestillanumberofcitiesthathavenotintegratedtheeducationforchildrenofChina’sfloatingpopulationintotheirlocaleducationdevelopmentprogram.Alackofknowledgeoftheexactnumberofthosechildren,especiallyinthezonejoiningurbanandruralareas,andthegrowingfinancialpressurehasledtoalackofgovernmentmanagementthere."Whatisthechildren’spark?I’veneverheardofit."The7-year-oldgirlJingjingaskedherteachertimidly.ShewasbornafterherparentscametoworkinHangzhou.Theyarebusysellingbakeddoughcakeandfriedtwisteddoughstickalldaylong.Whileurbanchildrenmaytravelwiththeirparentsduringholidays,shecanhardlyimaginethatwouldeverhappentoherselfforthosedaysarethebusiesttimeforherparents.知識點解析:暫無解析英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)(英漢互譯)模擬試卷第5套一、漢譯英(本題共5題,每題1.0分,共5分。)1、從華爾街開始,各地的股票市場都開始陷人混亂。連續(xù)兩個星期,美國的主要股市指數(shù)猛跌。上星期三,道瓊斯工業(yè)平均指數(shù)下跌433點,而且高科技上市公司占多數(shù)的納斯達克指數(shù)跌至今年的最低水平、兩個市場隨后在星期四出現(xiàn)大幅反彈,令人興奮地結(jié)束了本周,同往常一樣,亞洲的交易所同美國股市一前一后出現(xiàn)上升和下跌。東京日經(jīng)指數(shù)從星期二的15,340點,跌至星期三的14,872點,接著又回升,并于星期五收至15,198點。標準答案:StartingwithWallStreet,stockmarketseverywherebegantofallintochaos.Twoweeksinarow,thekeyU.S.indexesdroppedprecipitously.LastWednesday,theDowJonesAverageplunged433pointsandthetech-heavyNASDAQindexfelltoitslowestleveloftheyear.ThenbothmarketsreboundedspectacularlyonThursdayandendedtheweekonahighnote.Asalways,A-sia’sboursesroseandfellintandemwiththeU.S.markets.Tokyo’sNikkeiIndexwentfrom15,340onTuesdayto14,872onWednesdayandbackuptocloseFridayat15,198.知識點解析:暫無解析2、繼續(xù)加強“三農(nóng)”工作。28個省(區(qū)、市)全部免征了農(nóng)業(yè)稅,全國取消了牧業(yè)稅。增加對種糧農(nóng)民的補貼和對產(chǎn)糧大縣及財政困難縣的轉(zhuǎn)移支付,對部分糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)的重點糧食品種實行最低收購價政策,多渠道增加農(nóng)民收入。全年中央財政用于“三農(nóng)”的支出達到2975億元。糧食總產(chǎn)量在上年大幅度增長的基礎(chǔ)上,又增產(chǎn)1454萬噸,達到48401萬噸。標準答案:Workrelatedtoagriculture,ruralareasandfarmerswasfurtherintensified.Theagriculturaltaxwasrescindedin28provinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,andthelivestocktaxwasrescindednationwide.Weincreasedsubsidiestograinproducersandtransferpaymentstomajorgrain-producingcountiesandfinanciallystrappedcounties,setfloorpricesforthepurchaseofkeygrainvarietiesinsomemajorgrain-producingareas,andincreasedruralincomesthroughavarietyofchannels.Lastyear,297.5billionyuanfromtheCentralGovernmentbudgetwasspentonagriculture,ruralareasandfarmers.Havingrisenconsiderablythepreviousyear,totalgrainoutputroseagainby14.54milliontonsto484.01milliontons.知識點解析:暫無解析3、長期以來,發(fā)展中國家在不合理的國際經(jīng)濟關(guān)系中深受不公平交換之害。近年來,它們的貿(mào)易條件更加惡化,出口收入銳減,生產(chǎn)投資萎縮,債務(wù)負擔沉重,甚至連續(xù)多年出現(xiàn)了資金從窮國向富國倒流的現(xiàn)象。富國愈富,窮國愈窮,這個趨勢比十年前更加突出了。這種情況如果任其繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去,對于全世界,不論是發(fā)展中國家還是發(fā)達國家,都將帶來更加嚴重的后果。第三世界的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為關(guān)系全局的緊迫問題?,F(xiàn)存的國際關(guān)系不應該也不可能原封不動地維持下去,建立國際經(jīng)濟新秩序是時代的需要。標準答案:Foralongtime,thedevelopingcountrieshavesufferedfromtheunfairexchangesintheirrationalinternationaleconomicrelationships.Inrecentyears,theirtradingconditionshavefurtherworsenedwithsharplydiminishingexportincome,shrinkingproductioninvestment,andthemountingdebtburdens,andeventhebackflowoffundsfrompoorcountriestorichcountriesformanyconsecutiveyears.Thetrendofwealthynationsbecomingwealthierandpoornationsbecomingpoorerhasbeenmoreprominentthan10yearsago.Thistrend,ifallowedtocontinueunchecked,willbringaboutmoresevereconsequencestobothdevelopingcountriesanddevelopedcountries.Thee-conomicdevelopmentinthethirdworldhasbecomeanurgentissueforthewholeworld.Theexistinginternationaleconomicrelationshipshouldnotbeandcouldnotbemaintainedwithoutanychange.Toestablishanewinternationaleconomicorderisanecessityofthemoderntimes.知識點解析:暫無解析4、此外,我們要確保更有效地利用外資。譬如,我們要進一步擴大對外開放的領(lǐng)域和地域,逐步推行商業(yè)、外貿(mào)、金融、保險、證券、電信、旅游和中介服務(wù)等領(lǐng)城的對外開放。我們還將放寬外商投資在技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓、內(nèi)銷比例和一些行業(yè)持股比例的限制,積極鼓勵外商投資農(nóng)業(yè)、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)和高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)。當然,我們還要積極吸引跨國公司來華投資,特別是鼓勵他們投資研究開發(fā)和參與國有企業(yè)的改組、改造。發(fā)展是硬道理,是解決我們面臨問題的關(guān)鍵。只有堅定不移地堅持改革開放方針,我們才能確保持續(xù)不斷的經(jīng)濟增長。只有在提高效益的前提下保持快速的經(jīng)濟增長,我們才能緩解企業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營困難,減輕就業(yè)壓力,促進經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整,增加財政收入,防范金融風險,保持社會穩(wěn)定。標準答案:Besides,wemustmakesureofmoreeffectiveuti

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