職稱英語(yǔ)理工類a級(jí)模擬22

職稱英語(yǔ)理工類A級(jí)模擬22

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接

近的選項(xiàng)

1>Sheexhibitedgreatpowersofenduranceduringtheclimb.

A.playB.sendC.showD.

tell

2、Theeternalmotionofthestarsfascinatedhim.

A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.

extensive

3、Shecouldnotanswer,itwasanimmenseloadoffherheart.

A.naturalB.fatalC.

tinyD.enormous

4、Thebookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.

A.forceB.influenceC.

surpriseD.power

5、Accompaniedbycheerfulmusic,webegantodance.

A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.

different

6、Hewasnoteligiblefortheexaminationbecausehewasoverage.

A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.

competent

7、HernoveldepictsanambitiousChinese.

A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.

indicates

8、Don11irritateher,she*sonashortfusetoday.

A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.

protect

9、Itisabsurdtogooutinsuchterribleweather.

A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.

interesting

10>Inotifiedhimthatmyaddresshadchanged.

A.informedB.observedC.mockedD.

misled

11>Themanagerallocatedutiestotheclerks.

A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.

order

12>Theoncebarrenhillsidesarenowgoodfarmland.

A.hairlessB,bareC.emptyD

bald

13>Itispostulatedthatacureforthediseasewillhavebeenfoundbythe

year2000.

A.challengedB.assumedC.deductedD.

decreed

14、Wemustabidebytherules.

A.sticktoB.persistinC.safeguardD.

apply

15>Frommystandpoint.youknow,thisthingisjustfunny.

A.positionB.pointofviewC.knowledgeD.

opinion

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提的

是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A：如果該句提的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B：如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)

有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。

SonicDevice

Theotherday,Dr.RobertSmith,whoisblind,tookaremarkablestroll

throughthecampusoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbara.AsDr.

Smithwalkedalongthecampuszplacesandimpediments（障礙物）inhispath

seemedtocallouttheirnamestohim--"libraryhere,libraryhere","bench

here,benchhere".

Dr.Smithwastestingaprototype（樣機(jī)）navigationsystemfortheblind

thatanouncedthesurroundingobjectsthroughstereoheadphonesthatwere

mountedtoacomputerinhisback-pack,creatingavirtualrealitylandscape（仿

真影像）.Theinformationcamenotfromsomeminiatureradarbutfromthesignals

broadcastbythemilitary*snetworkofgloalpositioningsatellites（全球定

位衛(wèi)星）.Oneday,itsdevelopershope,miniaturized（小型化的）versionsofthis

navigationdevices,whichnowweighstwenty-eightpounds,willhelptheblind

navigateunfamiliarneighborhoods.

"Withthissystemyoudonotneedtoknowathinginadvanceaboutwhere

youaregoing",saidDr.RobertaKlatzky,apsychologistatCarnegie-MelIon

UniversitywhoisworkingwithDr.Smithtodevelopthenavigatingdevice.

Dr.MichaelOberdoroftheNationalEyeInstitutesaid,HAblindpersoncould

walkclownthestreetandknownotjusthewasat80thandBroadway,butwhat

storesarearound,andthatZabar*sdelicatessen（熟食店）wasupahead.This

navigationsystemtellsyounotjustwherethereareobstacleszbutyouroverall

locationgeographically.11Itletsblindusersconstructamentalmapofnew

surroundingsandlearntheirwayaround.

Thenavigationsystemusessignalsfromacomputerizedmaptocreatea

"virtualacousticdisplay（仿真聲音顯示）.Thisisatalkingmapinwhichlarge

objectsseemtoannouncethemselvesintheheadphoneswiththeprecisetiming

andloudnessthatwouldbethecaseiftheobjectswereactuallymakinga

sound.Thisallowstheblindpersontosenseimmediatelyhisorherdistance

ordirection,andusethatinformationforguidance.Whilenooneknowswhether

itisbecauseblindpeopletendtodevelopasharpersenseofhearing,those

whohavetriedthesystemsaythattheyquicklyadapttolocatinganobject

throughthesounds."Oneofthecrucialfeaturesofthissystemisthatit

takesadvantageofsensorypaychophysics（感官心理物理學(xué)）--howthebrain

interpretssignalsfromoutsidetomakeamapofyoursurroundingssoyou

cannavigate,nDr.Oberdorsaid.

16、Thankstothehelpofthissonicdevice,blindpeoplecanhearobstacles

inthewayspeakingouttheirnames.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17、Dr.Smithhopestomakethisdevicesmallersoastohelptheblindnavigate

unfamiliarplaces.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Althoughthisdevicewillbeusefulzmostoftheblindmaynotafford

it.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>AccordingtoDr.Oberdor,thisdevicecanleadtheblindpeopletothe

exactplacehe/shewantstogo.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Theblindcanhearbetterthanordinarypeople.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Scientistsintendtoreducetheweightofthisdevicetotenpound.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Sensorypsychophysicsplayavitalpartintheinventionofthisdevice.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第3?6段每段

選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題：（2）第27?30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選

項(xiàng)。

ElectromagneticEnergy

Whitelightseemstobeacombinationofallcolors.Theenergythatcomesfroma

sourceoflightisnotlimitedtothekindofenergyyoucansee.Heatisgivenoffbya

flameoranelectriclight.Onacloudydayitispossibletogetasunburneventhough

youfeelcool.Visiblelightandthekindofenergythatproducewarmthandsunburn

areexamplesofelectromagneticenergy.

Thesunis93millionmilesfromtheearth.Yetwecanuseenergyfromthesun

becauseelectromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace.

Manyotherkindsofenergyarealsotypesofelectromagneticenergy.Radio,

television,andradarsignalstravelfromtransmitterstoreceiversaslow-energy

electromagneticwaves.Infrared（紅夕卜線的）radiationisanelectromagneticwave.

Whenitisabsorbedbymatter,heatisproduced.Wavesofinfraredandvisiblelight

havemoreenergythanwavesofradio,television,orradar.Ultravioletrays（紫夕卜線）

andX-raysareelectromagneticwaveswithevengreateramountsofenergy.Infrared

radiationisusedincookingfoodandheatingbuildings.Sunlightandelectriclightsare

partofourrequirementsfornormalliving.Ultravioletradiationisusefulinkilling

certaindiseaseorganisms.X-raysandgammarayshavesomushenergythatthey

travelrightthroughsolidobjects.Theycanbeusedtodetectandtreatcancer.X-rays

areusedinindustrytofindhiddencracksinmetal,andinmedicinetorevealbroken

bones.

Usuallyweuseelectricitytogenerateelectromagneticenergy.Thesourceofmostof

ourenergyisthesun.Heatfromthesuncauseswatertoevaporate.Whenthewater

fallstotheearthasrain,someofitistrappedbehinddamsandthenusedtooperate

electricgenerators.Othergeneratorsarepoweredbycoal,buttheenergystoredincoal

camefromthesun,too.

Untilrecently,thesourceofthetremendousamountofenergygivenoffbythesun

wasapuzzle.Ifthesundependedonchemicalreactions,itwouldhaveusedupallits

energylongago.Experimentswithelectromagneticradiationledtothetheorythat

masscanbeconvertedintoenergy.Aboutfortyyearsafterthetheorywasproposed,

nuclearenergywasharnessed（利用）byman.Chemicalenergycomesfromelectron（電

子）rearrangement.Nuclearenergycomesfromachangeinthenucleusofanatom.

Comparedwithchemicalreactions,nuclearreactionsreleasemillionsoftimesmore

energyperpoundoffuel.Wenowbelievethatthesun'senergycomesfromthenuclear

reactionsinwhichhydrogenischangedintohelium（氨）.

Nuclearenergyisbeginningtocompetewithcoalasaneconomicalsourceofpower

togenerateelectricity.Itisalsobeingusedtooperateenginesinlargeships.Scientists

continuetoseeknewandbettermethodsofobtainingandusingenergy.

A.NuclearReactionsastheLastingSourceoftheSun*sEnergy

B.TheMostImportantSourceofEnergy

C.TypesofElectromagneticEnergy

D.X-raysAreUsedtoDetectandTreatCancer.

E.SeekingNewSourcesofEnergy

F.NuclearEnergyisBeginningtoCompetewithCoal

23>Paragraph3

24、Paragraph4

25、Paraqraph5

26、Paragraph6

A.electromagneticenergy

B.electromagneticenergytravelsthroughspace

C.camefromthesun

D.whenachangeinthenucleusofanatomtakesplace

E.whenthesunraysarefierce

F.chemicalenergyisgenerated

27>Visiblelightthatproducewarmthisanexampleof

28、Wecanuseenergyfromthesunbecause.

29、Theenergystoredincoal.

30、whenelectronrearrangementtakesplace.

第4部分：閱讀理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇

PoolWatch

Swimmerscandrowninbusyswimmingpoolswhenlifeguardsfailtonotice

thattheyareintrouble.TheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofAccidents

saysthatonaverage15peopledrowninBritishpoolseachyear,butmany

moresuffermajorinjuryaftergettingintodifficulties.NowaFrenchcompany

hasdevelopedanartificialintelligencesystemcalledPoseidonthatsounds

thealarmwhenitseessomeoneindangerofdrowning.

Whenaswimmersinkstowardsthebottomofthepool,thenewsystemsends

analarmsignaltoapoolsidemonitoringstationandalifeguard1spager.

n

IntrialsatapoolinAncenis,nearNanteszitsavedalifewithinjust

H

afewmonthszsaysAlistairMeQuade,aspokesmanforitsmaker,Poseidon

Technologies.

Poseidonkeepswatchthroughanetworkofunderwaterandoverheardvideo

cameras.AIsoftwareanalysestheimagestoworkoutswimmerstrajectories

道，軌線）.Todothisreliably,ithastotellthedifferencebetweenaswimmer

andtheshadowofsomeonebeingcastontothebottomorsideofthepool.

"Theunderwaterenvironmentisaverydynamicone,withmanyshadowsand

reflectionsdancingaround."saysMcQuade.

Thesoftwaredoesthisby"projactingHashapeinitsfieldofviewonto

animageofthefarwallofthepool.Itdoesthesamewithanimagefrom

anothercameraviewingtheshapefromadifferentangle.Ifthetwoprojections

areinthesameposition,theshapeisidentifiedasashadowandisignored.

Butiftheyaredifferent,theshapeisaswimmerandsothesystemfollows

itstrajectory.

Topickoutpotentialdrowningvictims,anyoneinthewaterwhostarts

todescendslowlyisaddedtothesoftware1s"pre-alert"list,saysMcQuade.

Swimmerswhothenstayimmobileonthepoolbottomfor5secondsormoreare

consideredindangerofdrowning.Poseidondouble-checksthattheimagereally

isofaswimmer,notashadow,byseeingwhetheritobscuresthepool1sfloor

texturewhenviewedfromoverhead.Ifso,italertsthelifeguard,showing

theswimmer*slocationonapoolsidescreen.

Thefirstfull-scalePoseidonsystemwillbeofficiallyopenednextweek

atapoolinHighWycombe.Buckinghamshire.Onemanwhoisimpressedwith

theideaisTravorBaylis,inventoroftheclockworkradio.Baylisrunsa

companythatinstallsswimmingpools一一andhewasonceanunderwater

escapologist（表演脫身術(shù)的人）withacircus."Isayfullmarkstothemifthis

worksandcansavelives,"hesays.Butheaddsthatanylocalauthority

spending230,000--plusonaPoseidonsystemoughttobeinvestingsimilar

amountsinteachingchildrentoswim.

31>AImeansthesameas

A.animage.

B.anidea.

C.anyoneinthewater.

D.artificialintelligence.

32、WhatisrequiredofAIsoftwaretosavealife?

A.Itmustbeabletoswim.

B.Itmustkeepwalkingroundthepool.

C.Itcandistinguishbetweenaswimmerandashadow.

D.Itcansavealifewithinafewmonths.

33、HowdoesPoseidonsavealife?

A.Heplungesintothepool.

B.Italertsthelifeguard.

C.Hecriesforhelp.

D.Itrushestothepool.

34、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutTrevorBaylisisNOTtrue?

A-Heruns.

B.Heinventedtheclockworkradio.

C.Hewasonceanentertainer.

D?Herunsacompany.

35、Theword"considered"inparagraph5couldbebestreplacedby

A."thought".

B."rated".

C."regarded".

D."believed".

弟一扁

"Hidden"SpeciesMayBeSurprisinglyCommon

Cryptic（隱蔽的；隱藏的）species--animalsthatappearidenticalbutare

geneticallyquitedistant--maybemuchmorewidespreadthanpreviouslythought.

Thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsinareasrangingfrombiodiversity（4

物多樣性）estimatesandwildlifemanagement,toourunderstandingofinfectious

diseasesandevolution.

Reportsofcrypticspecieshaveincreaseddramaticallyoverthepasttwo

decadeswiththeadventofrelativelyinexpensiveDNA（脫氧核糖核酸）sequencing

technology.MarkusPfenningerandKlausSchwenk,oftheGoethe-Universitat

inFrankfurt,Germany,analyzedallknowndataoncrypticanimalspeciesand

discoveredthattheyarefoundinequalproportionsthroughoutallmajor

branchesoftheanimalkingdomandoccurinequalnumbersinall

biogeographical（生物地理學(xué)的）regions.

Scientistshadpreviouslyspeculatedthatcrypticspecieswere

predominantlyfoundininsectsandreptiles（爬行動(dòng)物），andweremorelikely

tooccurintropicalratherthantemperate（溫帶的）regions."Speciesthatare

seeminglywidespreadandabundantcouldinrealitybemanydifferentCryptic

speciesthathavelowpopulationsandarehighlyendangered,"saysPfenninger.

Untilthegeneticinformationofallspeciesinatleastonetaxon（分類單

元）isthoroughlystudied,noonewillknowjusthowmanycrypticspeciesexist,

HItcouldbeashighas30%,"Pfenningersays.

HI^extremelysurprisedbytheirresults,"saysAlexSmithoftheUniversity

ofGuelphinOntario,Canada."It'sacalltoarmstokeepdoingthebroad

kindofgeneticstudiesthatwearedoing.n

Samplingasmanyindividualsaspossible,scientistshopetocompletework

onallfishandbirdsinanother5to10years.Onceeitherofthesetaxonomic

groupsiscompleted,Pfenningersaysresearcherswillbeabletodecidehow

manycrypticspeciesexistthroughouttheanimalkingdom.

ExamplesofcrypticspeciesincludetheAfricanelephant.A2001study

foundtheelephantswereactuallytwogeneticallydistinct,non-interbreeding

（三午雜交繁殖的）species,theAfricanbushelephantandtheAfricanelephant.

Thespeciesarecurrentlylistedasvulnerableandthreatened,respectively,

bytheWorldConservationUnion（WCU）.

Thereclassificationsaremorethananacademicexercise.Theydefine

populationsthathaveevolvedindependentlyofeachotherandwhosegenetic

differencescanhavesignificantconsequences.

Intheearly1900smisidentificationofmosquitospeciesbasedonmorphology

confused：attemptstocontrolmalaria（瘧疾）inEurope.Ultimately,whatwas

thoughttobeasinglespecieswasactuallymadeupofsixsibling（同胞，

同屬）species,onlythreeofwhichtransmittedthedisease.HThebasicunit

inbiologyisalwaysthespecies,andyouhavetoknowwhatyouaredealing

with,nPfenningersays.Muchpreviousresearchisnownolongerused,hesays,

becauseitisnotclearwhatspecieswasbeingstudied.

36、Whichofthefollowingaboutthesignificanceoftheresearchoncryptic

speciesisNOTtrue?

A.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpthedevelopmentofmanyotherresearch

areas.

B.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpthedevelopmentofbiodiversity

estimates.

C.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpourunderstandingofinfectious

diseaseevolution.

D.Theresultsoftheresearchcanhelpourunderstandingof11survival

ofthefittest".

37、Whatwasscientists1understandingofcrypticspecies?

A.Theyoccurredinequalnumbersinallbiogeographicalregions.

B.Theyweremostlyfoundininsectsandreptiles.

C.Theywerelikelytobeintropicalratherthantemperateregions.

D.BothBandC.

38>Doscientistsknowhowmanycrypticspeciesexist?

A.Notyet.

B.Yes,theydo.

C.Theywillknowtheanswerinanotheroneortwo-years.

D.Theywillneverknowtheanswer.

39、WhichofthefollowingabouttheAfricanbushelephantandtheAfrican

elephantistrue?

A.TheWCUareinterbreedingthoseelephants.

B.Theyareinterbreedingspecies.

C.Theyaretwogeneticallydistantspecies.

D.Theydependoneachotherforsurvival.

40、PeoplewereconfusedintheirattemptstocontrolmalariainEuropein

theearly1900szbecausescientists

A.identifiedonlyonemosquitospeciesinsteadofsixspecies.

B.thoughtonlythreemosquitospeciestransmitteddisease.

C.thoughttherewasonlyonemosquitospecies.

D.didnotknowwhatspecieswasbeingstudied.

第—二^篇癰

TooLittleforGlobalWarming

Oilandgaswillrunouttoofastfordoomsdayglobalwarmingscenarios

tomaterialize,accordingtoacontroversialnewanalysispresentedthisweek

attheUniversityofUppsalainSweden.Theauthorswarnthatallthefuel

willbeburntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxideintheatmospheretorealize

predictionsofmeltingicecapsandsearingtemperatures.Defendingtheir

predictions,scientistsfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange

saytheyconsideredarangeofestimatesofoilandgasreserves,andpoint

outthatcoal-burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfall.Butallagreethat

burningcoalwouldbeevenworsefortheplanet.

TheIPCC*spredictionsofglobalmeltdownpushedforwardthe1997Kyoto

Protocol,anagreementobligingsignatorynationstocutC02emissions.The

IPCCconsideredarangeoffuturescenarios,fromunlimitedburningof

fossil-fuelstoafasttransitiontowardsgreenerenergysources.Butgeologists

AndersSivertsson,KjellAleklettandColinCampbellofUppsalaUniversity

saythereisnotenoughoilandgaslefteventhemostconservativeofthe

40IPCCscenariostocometopass.

Althoughestimatesofoilandgasreservesvarywidely,theresearchers

arepartofagrowinggroupofexpertswhobelievethatoilsupplieswill

peakassoonas2010,andgassoonafter.Theiranalysissuggeststhatoil

andgasreservescombinedabouttotheequivalentofabout3,500billionbarrels

ofoilconsiderablylessthanthe5,000billionbarrelsestimatedinthemost

optimisticmodelenvisagedbytheIPCC.Eventheaverageforecastofabout

8,000billionbarrelsismorethantwicetheSwedishestimateoftheworld's

remainingreserves.

NebojsaNakicenovic,anenergyeconomistattheUniversityofVienna,

Austriawhoheadedthe80-strongIPCCteamthatproducedtheforecasts,says

thepanel1sworkstillstands.Hesaystheyfactoredinamuchbroaderand

internationallyacceptedrangeofoilandgasestimatesthanthenconservativen

Swedes.

Evenifoilandgasrunoutz"there*sahugeamountofcoalunderground

thatcouldbeexploited"zhesaysthatburningcoalcouldmaketheIPCCscenarios

cometrue,butpointsoutthatsuchaswitchwouldbedisastrous.Coalis

dirtierthanoilandgasandproducesmoreCO2foreachunitofenergy,as

wellasreleasinglargeamountsofparticulates.Hesaysthelatestanalysis

isa"shotacrossthebowsnforpolicymakers.

41、Whatproblemdoestheauthorsofthenewanalysisraise?

A.Thecoalreservesarebigenough.

B.Allthefuelwillbeburntbeforethereisenoughcarbondioxide.

C.Coal-burningcouldeasilymakeuptheshortfallofoilandgasreserves.

D.OilandgaswillrunoutsofastthatEarth*sdoomsdaywillnever

materialize.

42、AccordingtoIPCC,whatcanmakeuptheshortfalloftheoilandgasreserves?

A.Fossilfuels.

B.Greenfuels.

C.Coal-burning.