王關(guān)富商務(wù)英語(yǔ)閱讀第二版chapter詳解市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)百校聯(lián)賽特等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Chapter2AChangedGlobalReality世界經(jīng)濟(jì)格局新改變第1頁(yè)Teachingobjectives:LearnsometechnicaltermsrelatedtobusinessEnlargevocabularyComprehendbusinessEnglishincontext第2頁(yè)Saythisfortheyoungcentury:weliveininterestingtimes.Notquite21?2yearsago,theworldeconomytippedintothemostseveredownturnsincetheGreatDepressioninthe1930s.Worldtradeslowedsharply.Unemploymentlinesgrewlonger,especiallyintheoldindustrialeconomies.Financialinstitutionsthathadseemedassolidasgranitedisappearedasiftheywerenomoresubstantialthanabunchofflowersinthehandsofanold-stylemagician.Tipinto掉進(jìn)陷入Thisrecessioncouldeasilytipintoadepression.

mostseveredownturn：最慘重低迷狀態(tài)Abunchofflowers一束花對(duì)于新世紀(jì)，我們得這么說(shuō)：我們生活在一個(gè)有趣時(shí)代。差不多兩年半之前，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入了20世紀(jì)30年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期以來(lái)最慘重低迷狀態(tài)。世界貿(mào)易進(jìn)程大幅放緩。失業(yè)隊(duì)伍也越來(lái)越快，這在舊工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系表現(xiàn)尤為突出。原來(lái)堅(jiān)如磐石金融機(jī)構(gòu)也消失了，似乎還不如老套魔術(shù)師變花束看起來(lái)真實(shí)。第3頁(yè)Giventhatthescaleofthedownturnwassoepochal,itshouldnotbesurprisingthatthenatureoftherecoverywouldlikewisebethestuffofhistory.Andithasbeen.AstheymaketheirwaytoDavosfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum(WEF)byhelicopter,bus,carortrain(whichistherightwaytodoit),themembersoftheglobaleconomicandpoliticalelitewillfindthemselvescomingtotermswithsomethingtheyhaveneverknownbefore.Given–considering鑒于考慮到Epochal新紀(jì)元;劃時(shí)代;有重大意義epoch時(shí)代紀(jì)元EpochaldecisionsmadebyRooseveltandChurchill.羅斯福和邱吉爾做出有重大意義決定epochalstupidity.無(wú)與倫比愚蠢Makeone’swayto前往某處Helookedaround,thenmadehiswaytothelavatory.DAVOSDavos

瑞士達(dá)沃斯是“世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇”theWorldEconomicForum(WEF)主辦地.Cometotermswith勉強(qiáng)接收妥協(xié)安于Ittookalongtimeforhimtocometotermswithhisdisability.Buyerscan’tcometotermswiththecar’sstyling,anditshighpriceprovedabitterpill.不得不接收現(xiàn)實(shí)考慮到經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退幅度如此跨時(shí)代，經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程會(huì)很慢也是理所當(dāng)然，對(duì)此我們不應(yīng)該感到吃驚。事實(shí)也正如我們所料，復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程確實(shí)很慢。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)政治精英乘直升飛機(jī)、大巴、小汽車或是火車前往達(dá)沃斯參加一年一度世界經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇會(huì)議，此次會(huì)議上，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)政治精英會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)自己開(kāi)始接收一些聞所未聞事情。第4頁(yè)Thenewrealitycanbeexpressedlikethis.Formorethan200years,sincetheIndustrialRevolution,theworldhasseentwoeconomies.Onehasdominatedtechnologicalinnovationandtradeandamassedgreatwealth.Thesecond—muchofitpoliticallyunderthethumbofthefirst—hasremainedpoorandtechnologicallydependent.Thisdivideremainsstubbornlyreal.Therichworld—theU.S.,Canada,WesternEurope,Australia,NewZealand,JapanandthefouroriginalAsiandragons—accountsforonly16%oftotalworldpopulationbutnearly70%ofworldoutput.Amassgreatwealth:積累、積聚財(cái)富Underthethumbof受。。。支配TheGreensfamilyisunderthethumbofthemother.Technologicaldependent技術(shù)上依賴性Accountfor解釋占，百分比

Howcanwe

account

for

therecentpopulationexplosion?我們?cè)鯓幽芙忉屪罱丝诩ぴ霈F(xiàn)象？Theminoritynationalities

account

for

sixpercentofthepopulation.少數(shù)民族占人口百分之六。當(dāng)今情況是這么。自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)二百多年間，世界出現(xiàn)了兩大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。一個(gè)支配著技術(shù)創(chuàng)新和貿(mào)易，累積了大量財(cái)富。另一個(gè)在政治上主要受前者控制，在經(jīng)濟(jì)上一直處于貧窮狀態(tài)而且在技術(shù)上存在依賴性。二者鴻亙古存在。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家----美國(guó)、加拿大、西歐、澳大利亞、新西蘭、日本及亞洲四小龍，以世界總?cè)丝?6%輸出著世界快要70%產(chǎn)品。第5頁(yè)Butchangeisuponus.Thedevelopedworldofthehavesisstrugglingtorestartgrowthandpreservewelfarestates,whiletheworldoftheoncehave-notshassurgedoutofthedownturn.BigemergingeconomieslikeChinaandIndiahavediscoverednewsourcesofdomesticdemand.PartsofAfricaareattractingrealinterestfrominvestors.Alltold,thestrengthofthedevelopingworldhassupportedtheglobaleconomy.TheWorldBankestimatesthateconomicgrowthinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriescontributedalmosthalfofworldgrowth(46%)in.haves/have-nots發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家/欠發(fā)達(dá)、貧窮國(guó)家preservewelfarestates：維持社會(huì)福利Emergingeconomies:新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體Domesticdemand:國(guó)內(nèi)需求Alltold:總之世界形勢(shì)正發(fā)生著改變。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家富人們努力重新刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)增加并維持社會(huì)福利時(shí)候，曾經(jīng)窮人們卻已經(jīng)擺脫了經(jīng)濟(jì)困境。像中國(guó)和印度這么大新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體已經(jīng)找到了國(guó)內(nèi)需求新起源。非洲部分地域也正吸引著對(duì)他們真正感興趣投資者?？傊l(fā)展中國(guó)家力量撐起了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)。據(jù)世界銀行預(yù)計(jì)，，中低收入國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)增加約占世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增加二分之一（46%）。第6頁(yè)P(yáng)1-P4[therichrestart,thepoorsurge]ChangeNewRealitySthNew1Downturn7[trade,jobless,financial][WEF,elites][Richworld]第7頁(yè)ASighofRelief經(jīng)濟(jì)回暖，令人欣慰第8頁(yè)

Inthelongterm,thisisnothingbutgoodnews.Asbillionsofpoorpeoplebecomemoreprosperous,theywillbeabletoaffordthecomfortstheircounterpartsintherichworldhavelongconsideredthenormalappurtenancesoflife.Butbeforewecelebrateaneweconomicorder,deepdivisionsbothbetweenandwithinnationshavetobeovercome.Otherwise,theworldcouldyettipbackintoabeggar-thy-neighbor

populismthatwillendupbeggaringeveryone.Wearenotoutofthewoodsyet.Inthelongterm:inthelongrun從久遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看Nothingbut:只是真是Famebroughther

nothing

but

misery.名聲只給她帶來(lái)了痛苦。appurtenance:附件，從屬物,從屬品

Beggar-thy-neighbor

以鄰為壑：拿鄰國(guó)當(dāng)做大水坑，把本國(guó)洪水排泄到那里去。比喻只圖自己一方利益，把困難或禍患轉(zhuǎn)嫁給他人。Populism:民粹主義是在19世紀(jì)俄國(guó)興起一股社會(huì)思潮。民粹主義基本理論包含：極端強(qiáng)調(diào)平民群眾價(jià)值和理想，把平民化和大眾化作為全部政治運(yùn)動(dòng)和政治制度正當(dāng)性最終起源；依靠平民大眾對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)行激進(jìn)改革，并把普通群眾看成政治改革唯一決定性力量；經(jīng)過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)諸如平民統(tǒng)一、全民公決、人民創(chuàng)制權(quán)等民粹主義價(jià)值，對(duì)平民大眾從整體上實(shí)施有效控制和操縱。Outofthewoods:脫離困境Withonegoalremaining,theywerenotoutofthewoodsjustyet.從久遠(yuǎn)看來(lái)，這真是個(gè)好消息。伴隨幾十億貧苦人們開(kāi)始變得富有起來(lái)，他們也將能夠支付得起發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人們所擁有過(guò)享受，而這些享受在富人們眼中僅僅是普通生活從屬品而已。不過(guò)，在慶賀一個(gè)新經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序建立之前，我們必須克服國(guó)與國(guó)之間以及國(guó)家內(nèi)部存在深層分歧。不然，世界將會(huì)重新陷入以鄰為壑民粹主義，最終每個(gè)人都淪為乞丐，我們?nèi)晕疵撾x困境。第9頁(yè)First,though,let'sassesshowthingsstand.Theworldisinamuchbetterstatethanmanyexpecteditwouldbeayearago.Thedouble-diprecessionsomeeconomistsfearednevermaterialized.IntheU.S.,whichseemedtostallinthesummer,thereareearlysignsthatconsumersarespendingandbanksarelendingagain,whilethestockmarketisatitshighestpointin21?2years.ThoughEuropeiswheezingundercascadingsovereign-debtcrises,ithassofaravoidedtheworst-casescenarios—acollapseoftheeuro,adebtcrisisthatspillsfromsmalleconomiessuchasGreeceandIrelandtomuchbiggeroneslikeItalyandSpain,andbittersocialunrestinthosenationsthatarehavingtomassagewagesdownwhilecuttingpublicbudgets.Double-diprecession雙底衰退

意思就是當(dāng)一個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)從衰退走出來(lái)后再次進(jìn)入一個(gè)新衰退期、蕭條期,這時(shí)我們說(shuō)a

double-dip

recession

二次衰退。Materialize:詳細(xì)化，成為現(xiàn)實(shí)Stall:停頓，熄火，拖延Thecarenginemaystallaswegoupthehill.爬山時(shí),汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可能發(fā)生故障。atitshighestpoint：到達(dá)巔峰Wheeze喘息Theoldmanmanagedtowheezeoutafewwords.老人勉強(qiáng)地喘息著說(shuō)出了幾句話。Cascading:大量許多，飛流直下主權(quán)債務(wù)(sovereigndebt)：是指一國(guó)以自己主權(quán)為擔(dān)保向外，不論是向國(guó)際貨幣基金組織還是向世界銀行，還是向其它國(guó)家借來(lái)債務(wù)。Socialunrest:社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩，不安massage:按摩，改動(dòng)不過(guò)首先讓我們?cè)u(píng)定一下當(dāng)前情況。現(xiàn)在世界情況比一年前我們所想象要好得多。一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一直害怕發(fā)生“雙底衰退”也從未出現(xiàn)過(guò)。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)似乎一直停滯不前，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在一些早期跡象表明用戶開(kāi)始消費(fèi)了，銀行也開(kāi)始發(fā)放貸款了，同時(shí)股市也在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條兩年半之后到達(dá)了巔峰狀態(tài)。盡管歐洲一直在一重接一重主權(quán)外債危機(jī)下茍延殘喘，不過(guò)它到當(dāng)前為止已經(jīng)防止了最糟糕情況-----歐元瓦解，歐元瓦解是一個(gè)債務(wù)危機(jī)，從希臘和愛(ài)爾蘭這么小經(jīng)濟(jì)體流竄到意大利和西班牙這么大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，而且加劇了一些國(guó)家社會(huì)騷亂，這些國(guó)家在縮減公共預(yù)算同時(shí)不得不降低薪資。第10頁(yè)Amidalltheencouragingnews(oratleasttheabsenceofterribletidings),GoldmanSachseconomistshaveturnedpracticallygiddy,recentlyupgradingtheir2011global-andU.S.-growthforecasts(to4.8%and3.4%,respectively).While2010wasthe“YearofDoubt,”2011,theyproclaim,willbethe“YearofRecovery.”U.S.economistNourielRoubini,theCassandra預(yù)言者ofthecrisis,reckonsthatifallgoesrightandnothingterriblegoeswrong,theglobaleconomymightgrownearly4%thisyear.高盛集團(tuán)（GoldmanSachs），一家國(guó)際領(lǐng)先投資銀行和證券企業(yè)，向全球提供廣泛投資、咨詢和金融服務(wù)，擁有大量多行業(yè)客戶，包含私營(yíng)企業(yè)，金融企業(yè)，政府機(jī)構(gòu)以及個(gè)人。giddy

輕浮，輕佻；

輕狂DuringAugustourdoomappearedtosomegiddyWesternjournalists“aquestionofdays.”八月間，在西方一些輕率記者看來(lái)，我們毀滅似乎“指日可待”。Upgrade:更新，改良，升級(jí)

upgrade

thetown'sleisurefacilitiesReckon:認(rèn)為，預(yù)計(jì)He

reckonedhewasstillfondofher.他認(rèn)為自己還喜歡著她。聽(tīng)到如此多鼓舞人心消息（或者最少是沒(méi)有很糟糕消息），高盛經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家?guī)缀踝兊幂p率起來(lái)，最近他們更新了20全球和美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增加預(yù)測(cè)（分別是4.8%和3.4%）。盡管是“令人懷疑一年”，不過(guò)高盛經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們宣稱20必定是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇一年，努里爾?盧比尼----美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，這次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)預(yù)言者，認(rèn)為假如一切都順利，而且沒(méi)有更糟糕事情發(fā)生，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)今年可能會(huì)增加快要4%。第11頁(yè)Itmustbesaid:noteveryoneagrees.JimWalker,aneconomistatresearchfirmAsianomicsinHongKong,predictsthat2011willbea"yearofreckoning."ThereboundintheU.S.,Walkersays,isamiragecreatedbyexcessivestimulus.HeexpectstheU.S.toslipintothedoubledipitdodgedin2010.Eventhelessbearishworrythattheglobaleconomyisfarfromhealed.Mosteconomistsexpectthereboundtoflattenoutin2011,withgrowthlikelytobelowerthanin2010.Inmid-January,theWorldBankestimatedglobalGDPgrowthwillslowto3.3%in2011from3.9%in2010.StephenRoach,aneconomistatYaleUniversity,believesthattheworldeconomyisstilldiggingitselfoutofthedebtanddistortionsbuiltupduringthelastboom."It'sareallyslowpostcrisisworkout,"Roachsays."I'mnotpreparedtogivetheglobaleconomythegreenlight.香港一家調(diào)研企業(yè)Asianomics（亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)）yearofreckoning：“清算之年”mirage海市蜃樓，幻景excessivestimulus：過(guò)分刺激slipinto：落入，陷入，滑進(jìn)China’sgrowingdependenceonoilensuresthatshouldanoilcrisisoccur,itwillsipintorecession.Dodge:躲避，回避dodgeaspeedingcarBearish:行情看跌；熊市bullish牛市Flattenout:變平Exportgrowthhasstartedtoflattenout.停頓增加

digyourselfoutof

adifficultorunpleasantsituation：從困境脫身He'stakenthesemeasurestotryand

dig

himselfoutofahole.他已采取了這些辦法，試圖讓自己擺脫困境。有些人必定會(huì)說(shuō)：并不是每個(gè)人都同意這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。吉姆?沃克----香港亞洲經(jīng)濟(jì)分析咨詢企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，預(yù)測(cè)20將會(huì)是“清算之年”。沃克談到，美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)反彈只是由過(guò)分刺激形成海市蜃樓。他認(rèn)為美國(guó)將會(huì)落入僥幸躲避過(guò)去“雙底衰退”之中。即使是不那么消極人也擔(dān)心全球經(jīng)濟(jì)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有恢復(fù)。大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)計(jì)20經(jīng)濟(jì)反彈會(huì)逐步消失，經(jīng)濟(jì)增加也可能會(huì)低于。一月中旬，世界銀行估測(cè)全球GDP增加將由3.9%下降到203.3%。耶魯大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家史蒂芬?羅奇認(rèn)為，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)仍會(huì)極力從上次經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮期產(chǎn)生債務(wù)和扭曲中脫身?！斑@真是一次遲緩后經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)考驗(yàn)。”羅奇說(shuō)道，“我并不準(zhǔn)備給經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)亮綠燈”。第12頁(yè)Thecautionisunderstandable.Inthedevelopedworld,unemploymentremainssickeninglyhigh(9.4%intheU.S.,10.1%intheeurozone).Theprivate-sectordebtcrisisof2008-09hasmorphedintoapublic-sectordebtcrisisin2010-11,aresultofthedebtanddeficitsamassedintheprocessofstimulatingeconomiesandbailingoutbanksduringthedownturn.Sickeningly:令人恐懼地;令人厭惡地;令人作嘔地private-sectordebtcrisis/public-sectordebtcrisis私營(yíng)部門債務(wù)危機(jī)/公共部門債務(wù)危機(jī)Morphinto:變成Mild-manneredStanley

morphsintoaconfident,grinninghero.性情溫和斯坦利變了，成了充滿信心、笑口常開(kāi)英雄。Deficit:赤字虧空trade

deficit貿(mào)易赤字

a

deficit

of2,000dollarsBailout(常指經(jīng)過(guò)出資）幫助…脫離困境Theywilldiscusshowtobailtheeconomyoutofitsslump.他們將討論怎樣使經(jīng)濟(jì)走出低谷。這種慎重是能夠了解。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，失業(yè)率依然很高（美國(guó)是9.4%，歐元區(qū)是10.1%）。9月私營(yíng)部門債務(wù)危機(jī)到2011月已經(jīng)演變?yōu)楣膊块T危機(jī)。這是由經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷期刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)和救助銀行時(shí)所累積債務(wù)和財(cái)政赤字造成。第13頁(yè)P(yáng)oliticiansarebeingforcedtoscalebackspendingeventhoughtherecoveryremainsweak.InBritain,deepcutsinthebudgetmandatedbyPrimeMinisterDavidCameronwillmostlikelycosthundredsofthousandsofpublic-sectorjobs.IntheU.S.,themiserableconditionofstateandlocalgovernments'budgetsislikewiseleadingtoajob-killingretrenchment.Europe'simpositionofausterityhasledtoheightenedpoliticalconflict.Ballooningdebtsandfeeblegrowthprospectsfortheadvancedeconomiesarereorderingtheinvestor'sperceptionofrisk.NotingthattheU.S."hasnoplaninplacetostabilizeandultimatelyreversetheupwarddebttrajectory,"Moody'sinmid-Januarywarnedthatthecountry'sAAAcreditratingcouldcomeunderpressureifdebtcontinuestomount;afewdayslater,Moody'supgradedIndonesia'srating.scaleback:縮減，縮小規(guī)模Despitecurrentpriceadvantage,UKmanufacturersarestillhavingto

scalebackproduction盡管當(dāng)前在價(jià)格上占據(jù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，英國(guó)生產(chǎn)商還是不得不降低產(chǎn)Mandate:強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行trajectory：軌道軌跡retrenchment:（開(kāi)支）緊縮，削減feeble:虛弱，軟弱，微弱austerity:節(jié)衣縮食..aneconomic

austerity

program.經(jīng)濟(jì)緊縮方案AAAcreditrating:借款企業(yè)信用等級(jí)分三等九級(jí)，即：AAA、AA、A、BBB、BB、B、CCC、CC、C。等級(jí)含義以下：AAA級(jí)：短期債務(wù)支付能力和長(zhǎng)久債務(wù)償還能力含有最大保障；經(jīng)營(yíng)處于良性循環(huán)狀態(tài)，不確定原因?qū)?jīng)營(yíng)與發(fā)展影響最小。

第14頁(yè)P(yáng)oliticiansarebeingforcedtoscalebackspendingeventhoughtherecoveryremainsweak.InBritain,deepcutsinthebudgetmandatedbyPrimeMinisterDavidCameronwillmostlikelycosthundredsofthousandsofpublic-sectorjobs.IntheU.S.,themiserableconditionofstateandlocalgovernments'budgetsislikewiseleadingtoajob-killingretrenchment.Europe'simpositionofausterityhasledtoheightenedpoliticalconflict.Ballooningdebtsandfeeblegrowthprospectsfortheadvancedeconomiesarereorderingtheinvestor'sperceptionofrisk.NotingthattheU.S."hasnoplaninplacetostabilizeandultimatelyreversetheupwarddebttrajectory,"Moody'sinmid-Januarywarnedthatthecountry'sAAAcreditratingcouldcomeunderpressureifdebtcontinuestomount;afewdayslater,Moody'supgradedIndonesia'srating.即使復(fù)蘇進(jìn)程依舊疲緩，政客們依舊被迫縮減開(kāi)支。在英國(guó)，首相戴維?卡梅倫大幅消減預(yù)算很可能會(huì)造成幾十萬(wàn)人失業(yè)。在美國(guó)，國(guó)家和地方政府糟糕預(yù)算一樣也會(huì)造成工作崗位緊縮。歐洲采取財(cái)政緊縮政策也加劇了政治沖突。日漸高磊債臺(tái)以及發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體疲軟經(jīng)濟(jì)增加前景讓投資者們開(kāi)始重新審閱風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。注意到美國(guó)“對(duì)于穩(wěn)定和最終扭轉(zhuǎn)不停向上債務(wù)曲線是沒(méi)有任何適累計(jì)劃”，穆迪于一月中旬發(fā)出警告：假如債務(wù)連續(xù)攀升，國(guó)家AAA級(jí)信用評(píng)級(jí)見(jiàn)面臨被降級(jí)危險(xiǎn)。幾天之后，穆迪更新了印尼評(píng)級(jí)。第15頁(yè)Theemergingeconomiesfacerisksoftheirown.Themostalarmingisasharpriseininflation—aresultofstrongdomesticgrowth,stimuluspolicies,andcommoditypricespumpedupgloballybyreturningdemand,fearsof(oractual)supplyconstraintsandtheloose-moneypoliciesoftheWest.InearlyJanuary,FatihBirol,chiefeconomistattheInternationalEnergyAgency,warnedthatoilprices,nowover$90abarrel,"areenteringadangerouszone"thatcouldthreatentheglobalrecovery.TheU.N.'sFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaiditsfood-priceindexreachedanall-timehighinDecember,surpassingeventhenosebleedlevelsof'ssurge.Suchspikingpricesforthebasicspeopleneedtosurvivearehardenoughtoswallowinthedevelopedworld."Justatthepointyoustarttoseearecoverycoming,yougethitbycommoditypricesthathitpeople'sincomes,"saysStephenKing,chiefeconomistatHSBC.Inemergingmarkets,thefalloutcanbemuchmoresevere.HighfoodpriceshavealreadycontributedtothecollapseofthegovernmentinTunisia.Inflation：通貨膨脹pumpedup:給…打氣nosebleed:出鼻血，極高loose-moneypolicies寬松貨幣政策寬松貨幣政策（easymonetarypolicy）總來(lái)說(shuō)是增加市場(chǎng)貨幣供給量，比如直接發(fā)行貨幣，在公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)上買債券，降低準(zhǔn)備金率和貸款利率等，貨幣量多了需要貸款企業(yè)和個(gè)人就更輕易貸到款，普通能使經(jīng)濟(jì)更加快發(fā)展，是促進(jìn)繁榮或者是抵抗衰退辦法food-priceindex:食品價(jià)格指數(shù)是研究食品價(jià)格動(dòng)態(tài)改變一個(gè)工具，它為制訂、調(diào)整和檢驗(yàn)各項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，尤其是價(jià)格政策提供依據(jù)。價(jià)格上漲嚴(yán)重fallout:余波;后果新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體也面臨著自己風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最緊急就是通貨膨脹急速加劇----這是強(qiáng)勁國(guó)內(nèi)增加、刺激政策以及全球物價(jià)上漲結(jié)果，而全球物價(jià)上漲則是由需求重返、實(shí)際供給擔(dān)心以及西方寬松貨幣政策造成。一月初，國(guó)際能源機(jī)構(gòu)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家法提赫?比羅爾發(fā)出警告：現(xiàn)在石油價(jià)格每桶已經(jīng)超出90美元，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)正踏入一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，可能會(huì)威脅全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織表示，食品價(jià)格指數(shù)在12月份到達(dá)新高，甚至超出了那令人乍舌高度。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，人們生存必需品價(jià)格如此暴漲，令人非常難以接收?！熬驮谀銊偛趴吹浇?jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇曙光時(shí)候，你立馬被沖擊人們收入物價(jià)敲了當(dāng)頭一棒，”匯豐銀行首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家史蒂芬?金如此說(shuō)道。在新興市場(chǎng)，其后果可能會(huì)愈加嚴(yán)重。高物價(jià)也加劇了突尼斯政府衰敗。第16頁(yè)Theemergingeconomiesfacerisksoftheirown.Themostalarmingisasharpriseininflation—aresultofstrongdomesticgrowth,stimuluspolicies,andcommoditypricespumpedupgloballybyreturningdemand,fearsof(oractual)supplyconstraintsandtheloose-moneypoliciesoftheWest.InearlyJanuary,FatihBirol,chiefeconomistattheInternationalEnergyAgency,warnedthatoilprices,nowover$90abarrel,"areenteringadangerouszone"thatcouldthreatentheglobalrecovery.TheU.N.'sFoodandAgricultureOrganizationsaiditsfood-priceindexreachedanall-timehighinDecember,surpassingeventhenosebleedlevelsof'ssurge.Suchspikingpricesforthebasicspeopleneedtosurvivearehardenoughtoswallowinthedevelopedworld."Justatthepointyoustarttoseearecoverycoming,yougethitbycommoditypricesthathitpeople'sincomes,"saysStephenKing,chiefeconomistatHSBC.Inemergingmarkets,thefalloutcanbemuchmoresevere.HighfoodpriceshavealreadycontributedtothecollapseofthegovernmentinTunisia.新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體也面臨著自己風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最緊急就是通貨膨脹急速加劇----這是強(qiáng)勁國(guó)內(nèi)增加、刺激政策以及全球物價(jià)上漲結(jié)果，而全球物價(jià)上漲則是由需求重返、實(shí)際供給擔(dān)心以及西方寬松貨幣政策造成。一月初，國(guó)際能源機(jī)構(gòu)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家法提赫?比羅爾發(fā)出警告：現(xiàn)在石油價(jià)格每桶已經(jīng)超出90美元，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)正踏入一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，可能會(huì)威脅全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇。聯(lián)合國(guó)糧農(nóng)組織表示，食品價(jià)格指數(shù)在12月份到達(dá)新高，甚至超出了那令人乍舌高度。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，人們生存必需品價(jià)格如此暴漲，令人非常難以接收?！熬驮谀銊偛趴吹浇?jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇曙光時(shí)候，你立馬被沖擊人們收入物價(jià)敲了當(dāng)頭一棒，”匯豐銀行首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家史蒂芬?金如此說(shuō)道。在新興市場(chǎng)，其后果可能會(huì)愈加嚴(yán)重。高物價(jià)也加劇了突尼斯政府衰敗。第17頁(yè)Fearingtheconsequences,policymakersthroughoutthedevelopingworldhaveswitchedprioritiesfromholdingupgrowthtofightinginflation.Inmid-January,Chinaraisedthereserve-requirementratio—whichforcesbankstoparkmoremoneyathomeforeveryloantheymake—toarecordhighinanattempttocurtailcreditandquellinflation,whichroseatthefastestpaceintwoyearsinNovember.InIndia,ragingfoodprices,gallopingaheadbynearly17%fromayearearlier,havebecomesuchasensitiveissuethatwhenPakistantemporarilycutoffsomeexportsofonionstothecountry,itsparkedaminordiplomaticrow.Thesamemeasuresusedtobustinflation,however,willalsodampengrowth.TheWorldBankpredictsslowdownsforroaringChina(from10%growthin2010to8.7%in2011)andIndia(9.5%to8.4%).switchedprioritiesfrom:優(yōu)先權(quán)從。。轉(zhuǎn)向。。Canadahasswitchedimmigrationpriorityfrominvestorstoprofessionals.holdingup:舉起，托起，支撐，維持galloping飛馳；急速進(jìn)行Children'swearisoneareathatisholdingupwellintherecession.童裝是經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退中依然保持良好發(fā)展一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。reserve-requirementratio:存款準(zhǔn)備金率指存款貨幣銀行按法律要求存放在中央銀行存款與其吸收存款比率。打比喻說(shuō)，假如存款準(zhǔn)備金率為10％，就意味著金融機(jī)構(gòu)每吸收1000萬(wàn)元存款，要向央行繳存100萬(wàn)元存款準(zhǔn)備金，用于發(fā)放貸款資金為900萬(wàn)元。curtailcreditandquellinflation:縮短;減縮;限制壓制;消除降低放貸、抑制通貨膨脹cutoff:切除；

切[隔]斷They

were

almost

completely

cut

off

from

the

outside

world.

他們幾乎完全與外界絕緣了.Row：爭(zhēng)吵，喧華bust:打壞；破壞Dampen:抑制；

使潮濕因?yàn)閾?dān)心造成類似后果，發(fā)展中國(guó)家決議者決定把優(yōu)先保持經(jīng)濟(jì)增加轉(zhuǎn)為優(yōu)先抵抗通貨膨脹。一月中旬，中國(guó)將存款準(zhǔn)備金率上調(diào)至歷史新高----強(qiáng)制銀行每放一筆貸款就必須在央行存放更多貯備金，以期降低放貸、抑制通貨膨脹，通貨膨脹在十一月到達(dá)兩年來(lái)新高。在印度，瘋狂物價(jià)較去年已飛速增加了近17%，這已經(jīng)成為了非常敏感問(wèn)題。以致于巴基斯坦在暫時(shí)縮減對(duì)印度洋蔥出口時(shí)引發(fā)了輕微外交爭(zhēng)吵。然而，消除通貨膨脹辦法也會(huì)抑制經(jīng)濟(jì)增加。世界銀行預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)展快速中國(guó)和印度經(jīng)濟(jì)增加會(huì)放緩，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增加由10%下降到208.7%，印度由9.5%下降到8.4%。第18頁(yè)ASighofReliefYearofreckoningcautionBetterstateThepooraffordlife19第19頁(yè)WasItforThis?這就是為了未來(lái)而進(jìn)行所謂“合作”嗎？第20頁(yè)Suchnumbers,ofcourse,arebeyondthedreamsofworkersandconsumersindevelopedeconomies.MillionsfromMichigantoMadridwanttoworkbutcan't—leadingthemtoputcountlesssmalldreamsforthemselvesandtheirfamiliesonhold—sotheriskthattheshiftofeconomicpowerwillbreedpopulistresentmentrises.Manyinthedevelopedworldareonlynowbecomingawarethattheglobe'seconomicfuturewillbedeterminednotjustinLondonorNewYorkCitybutinBeijingandNewDelhitoo."TheproblemthatWesterneconomieshaveisthattheyhaven'trealizedthefulleffectoftheriseoftheemergingworld,"saysHSBC'sKing.Onhold:.暫緩,推遲,擱置We'veputtheprojectonholdforamonth.我們把這個(gè)計(jì)劃暫時(shí)擱置一個(gè)月。Breed:產(chǎn)生；引發(fā)；釀成Familiaritybreedscontempt.HSBC:匯豐銀行當(dāng)然，這么數(shù)字是發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體工人和消費(fèi)者做夢(mèng)都不敢想。從密歇根到馬德里，上百萬(wàn)人們想要工作但卻不能----這使他們將自己和家人無(wú)數(shù)小夢(mèng)想都暫時(shí)擱置----所以，由經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力改變引發(fā)民粹主義不滿情緒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家許多人就剛才才意識(shí)到，未來(lái)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)不但僅由倫敦或紐約這么城市決定，也一樣由北京和新德里這么城市決定。“西方經(jīng)濟(jì)體所面臨問(wèn)題是：他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到新興世界興起全方面影響，”匯豐銀行主席如是說(shuō)。第21頁(yè)Onesuspectstheysoonwill.ThesummitbetweenU.S.PresidentBarackObamaandChinesePresidentHuJintaoinWashingtontookplaceinahighlychargedatmosphere.Chinaistiredofbeinglecturedtobythosewhoseemunabletomanagetheirowneconomiesparticularlywell.U.S.politicians,withaneartotheirconstituents,arelobbyingforprotectivetariffsifChinadoesnotallowitscurrencytoappreciate.U.S.businesses,whichhaveinthepastbeensupportiveoffreetradeandengagementwithChina,arebeginningtosingwithdifferentvoices.LargetechnologyandindustrialcompaniesgrumblethatChina'spursuitof"indigenousinnovation"throughregulatoryandprocurementpoliciesisfreezingthemoutofpotentiallylucrativemarkets.Charged(形勢(shì))擔(dān)心，引發(fā)強(qiáng)烈感情

Aweddingisanemotionally

charged

situation.婚禮是個(gè)讓人動(dòng)情場(chǎng)所。beinglecturedto：被訓(xùn)斥告誡WhenIwassmall,Iwasoftenlecturedtobymyfatherfornaughtyacts.withanearto：愿意聽(tīng)constitutentes組成成份選民Lobbying：游說(shuō)protectivetariffs：保護(hù)性關(guān)稅indigenousinnovation：土生土長(zhǎng)，固有，本土自主創(chuàng)新Freezesb.outof排擠，排斥Thecompanytriedtofreezeoutitscompetitionbybuyingupallthegasstationinthearea.procurementpolicies：采購(gòu)政策有些人猜測(cè)聽(tīng)他們很快就會(huì)意識(shí)到這個(gè)問(wèn)題。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬和中國(guó)國(guó)家主席胡錦濤在華盛頓舉行峰會(huì)，氣氛高度擔(dān)心。中國(guó)厭倦了被那些連自己經(jīng)濟(jì)都管理不好國(guó)家討伐。假如中國(guó)不允許人民幣升值，愿意聽(tīng)從選民意見(jiàn)美國(guó)政客們將會(huì)游說(shuō)保護(hù)性關(guān)稅。而且，那些過(guò)去大力支持與中國(guó)進(jìn)行自由貿(mào)易和合作商業(yè)家們也開(kāi)始唱反調(diào)。大型技術(shù)和工業(yè)企業(yè)也埋怨中國(guó)經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)控政策和政府采購(gòu)來(lái)追求“自主創(chuàng)新”，正在將他們擠出利潤(rùn)市場(chǎng)。第22頁(yè)Withanearto愿意聽(tīng)Beallearsto全神貫注聽(tīng)Giveearto認(rèn)真聽(tīng)Lendone’seartosb.Close/shut/stopone’searsto拒絕聽(tīng)Turnadeafearto不愿意聽(tīng)I(yíng)noneearandouttheother一個(gè)耳朵進(jìn)一個(gè)耳朵出Uptotheearsin/upone’searsin忙于，深陷。Grin/smilefromeartoear咧嘴大笑第23頁(yè)IntheU.S.andEurope,acertainhelplessnessinthefaceofhugeeconomicforcesisfuelingadisaffection—whichmakesitselffeltindifferentwaysindifferentsocieties—withtheglobalfinancialelitesandthepolicymakerswhoarethoughttohaveconnivedwiththem.TherewasaparticularlypoignantmomentwhenIreland,whichcherishesitsindependencelikeapreciousjewel,wasforcedtogocapinhandtotheE.U.forabailoutinNovember."Wasitforthis?"TheIrishTimesaskedinafamouseditorialonthehumiliation.Thequestion(thoughfewoutsideDublingotthereference)wasanechoofalinefromW.B.Yeats'greatpoem"September1913,"whichexcoriatedabourgeoiscapitalismwhosemerchants"fumbleinagreasytill/Andaddthehalfpencetothepence/Andprayertoshiveringprayer,until/Youhavedriedthemarrowfromthebone."Fuel:刺激;使變得更糟;使加劇Central-bank

bond-buying

would

fuel

inflation.

歐洲央行購(gòu)置債券會(huì)刺激通貨膨脹。

connive:串通;密謀connivewithapersonincrime與人共謀犯罪conniveatanescapefromprison有意放縱逃獄Poignant：尖銳；

辛酸；

深刻；poignantmemoriesofanunhappychildhood對(duì)不幸童年辛酸回想Gocapinhandto:畢恭畢敬bailout:緊急(財(cái)政)援助；緊急融資

HeisnotgoingtoSirWilliam,capinhand,toaskforwork.他不打算卑躬屈節(jié)地到威廉爵士那兒去乞求工作了Echo:共鳴Hiswordsarousednoechointheirhearts.他話未能在他們心中引發(fā)共鳴。Excoriate：批判;痛斥;嚴(yán)厲指責(zé)

[?k?sk?ri?et,

Aneditorialthatexcoriatedtheadministrationforitsinaction.一篇強(qiáng)烈訓(xùn)斥政府無(wú)所事事社論

第24頁(yè)IntheU.S.andEurope,acertainhelplessnessinthefaceofhugeeconomicforcesisfuelingadisaffection—whichmakesitselffeltindifferentwaysindifferentsocieties—withtheglobalfinancialelitesandthepolicymakerswhoarethoughttohaveconnivedwiththem.TherewasaparticularlypoignantmomentwhenIreland,whichcherishesitsindependencelikeapreciousjewel,wasforcedtogocapinhandtotheE.U.forabailoutinNovember."Wasitforthis?"TheIrishTimesaskedinafamouseditorialonthehumiliation.Thequestion(thoughfewoutsideDublingotthereference)wasanechoofalinefromW.B.Yeats'greatpoem"September1913,"whichexcoriatedabourgeoiscapitalismwhosemerchants"fumbleinagreasytill/Andaddthehalfpencetothepence/Andprayertoshiveringprayer,until/Youhavedriedthemarrowfromthebone."在美國(guó)和歐洲，面對(duì)巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力卻無(wú)能為力現(xiàn)象正激起著人們對(duì)全球金融精英以及決議者不滿，認(rèn)為金融精英與決議者們串通一氣，這種不滿在不一樣社會(huì)表現(xiàn)形式不一樣。視獨(dú)立如珍寶愛(ài)爾蘭，11月，為了得到救助，不得不求援于歐盟，這令人感到非常心酸?！斑@就是愛(ài)爾蘭想要嗎？”愛(ài)爾蘭時(shí)報(bào)在關(guān)于屈辱著名社論中問(wèn)道。這個(gè)問(wèn)題（盡管只有愛(ài)爾蘭人才能真正明白其中含義）與威廉?巴特勒?葉芝著名詩(shī)作“199月”中一行詩(shī)產(chǎn)生共鳴，它痛斥資產(chǎn)階級(jí)資本主義，因?yàn)樗麄兩倘恕霸跐M是油污錢柜里探索/一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)地積攢/不停地禱告直到榨干工人們最終一滴血?！钡?5頁(yè)Yeats199月

威廉?勃特勒?葉芝（WilliamButlerYeats，1865-1939）愛(ài)爾蘭詩(shī)人、劇作家。生于都柏林一個(gè)畫師家庭，自小喜愛(ài)詩(shī)畫藝術(shù)，并對(duì)鄉(xiāng)間秘教法術(shù)頗感興趣。1884年就讀于都柏林藝術(shù)學(xué)校，很快違反父愿，拋棄畫布和油彩，專意于詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作。1888年在倫敦認(rèn)識(shí)了蕭伯納、王爾德等人。1889年，葉芝與女演員毛特、戈尼是愛(ài)爾蘭民族自治運(yùn)動(dòng)骨干，對(duì)葉芝一生思想和創(chuàng)作影響很大。1896年，葉芝又認(rèn)識(shí)了貴族出身劇作家格雷戈里夫人，葉芝一生創(chuàng)作都得力于她支持。她柯?tīng)柷f園被葉芝看作高尚藝術(shù)樂(lè)園。他這一時(shí)期創(chuàng)作雖未擺脫19世紀(jì)后期浪漫主義和唯美主義影響，但質(zhì)樸而富于生氣，著名詩(shī)作有《茵斯弗利島》（1892）、《當(dāng)你老了》（1896）等。1899年，葉芝與格雷戈里夫人、約翰?辛格等開(kāi)始創(chuàng)辦愛(ài)爾蘭國(guó)家劇場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，并于19正式成立阿貝影院。這期間，他創(chuàng)作了一些反應(yīng)愛(ài)爾蘭歷史和農(nóng)民生活戲劇，主要詩(shī)劇有《胡里痕凱瑟琳》（1902）、《黛爾麗德》（1907）等，另有詩(shī)集《蘆葦中風(fēng)》（1899）、《在七座森林中》（1903）、《綠盔》（1910）、《責(zé)任》（1914）等，并陸續(xù)出版了多卷本詩(shī)文全集。葉芝及其友人創(chuàng)作活動(dòng)，史稱“愛(ài)爾蘭文世復(fù)興運(yùn)動(dòng)”。

第26頁(yè)19，葉芝成婚，定居于格雷戈里莊園附近貝力利村。今后，因?yàn)榫謩?shì)動(dòng)蕩，事故迭起，葉芝在創(chuàng)傷上極富于活力，他詩(shī)已由早期虛幻蒙朧轉(zhuǎn)而為堅(jiān)實(shí)、明朗。主要詩(shī)集有《柯?tīng)柷f園野天鵝》（1919）、《馬可伯羅茲與舞者》（1920）等，內(nèi)有著名詩(shī)篇《基督再臨》、《為吾女祈禱》、《19復(fù)活節(jié)》等。

19愛(ài)爾蘭獨(dú)立，葉芝出任參議員。1923年，“因?yàn)樗切┮恢背錆M靈感詩(shī),它們經(jīng)過(guò)高度藝術(shù)形式了整個(gè)民族精神”，葉芝取得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。

1928年發(fā)表詩(shī)集《古堡》，這是他創(chuàng)作上進(jìn)入成熟期峰顛之作，內(nèi)有著名詩(shī)篇《駛向拜占廷》、《麗達(dá)與天鵝》、《在學(xué)童之間》和《古堡》等。晚年，葉芝百病纏身，但在創(chuàng)作上依然熱情不減，極其活躍。主要詩(shī)集有《回梯》（1929）、《新詩(shī)集》（1938），另有散文劇《窗欞上世界》（1934）、詩(shī)劇《煉獄》（1938）等。1939年1月28日，葉芝病逝于法國(guó)羅格布隆。

第27頁(yè)Howcanadisaffectionwithglobalcapitalisminthedevelopedworldbepreventedfromturningintoabacklashagainstit?Itwouldhelpifthereweremechanismsinplacetomanagethestressesintheinternationaleconomy.Instead,thereissomethingclosetoabreakdowninglobaleconomiccooperation.TheWEF'scloselyreadGlobalRisksreportidentifies"globalgovernancefailures"asanoverarchingriskfacingtheworld."Globalgovernancecapacitiesarehighlyfragmented,"thereportargues."Thereisagrowingsenseofparalysisinrespondingtoglobalchallenges."Disaffection(政治上)不滿，不忠，疏遠(yuǎn).people‘s

disaffection

withtheircountryanditsleaders.人們對(duì)自己國(guó)家和其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層不滿backlash強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)；強(qiáng)烈抵制；激烈反對(duì).themale

backlash

againstfeminism.男性對(duì)女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)強(qiáng)烈抵制Overarching包羅萬(wàn)象；影響一切The

overarching

question

fragment：分裂分化Europehadbecomeinfinitelymoreunstableand

fragmented.歐洲已經(jīng)變得相當(dāng)不穩(wěn)定，也越來(lái)越分化。paralysis癱瘓Paralysisofthelowerlimbscondemnedhimtoawheelchair.

下肢癱瘓使他只好坐輪椅。

怎樣阻止人們對(duì)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提倡全球資本主義不滿演變?yōu)閺?qiáng)烈抵制？假如有適當(dāng)機(jī)制來(lái)調(diào)控國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力可能會(huì)起作用。而恰恰相反是，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)合作靠近瓦解。全球經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇倍受關(guān)注全球風(fēng)險(xiǎn)匯報(bào)指出當(dāng)今世界面臨首要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是“全球治理失敗”。匯報(bào)稱，“全球治理能力高度分散，人們應(yīng)對(duì)全球挑戰(zhàn)越來(lái)越無(wú)力?！钡?8頁(yè)Intheeconomicfield,thatisespeciallytrue.TheDoharoundoftradetalks,forexample,isliketheemperor'snewclothesinHansChristianAndersen'sfamoustale:everyoneknowsthere'snothingthere,butnobodywillsayso.Thespiritofcamaraderieforgedintheearlydaysofthefinancialcrisis—allthehopefulmeetingsandoptimisticcommuniquésoftheG-20—hasbeenreplacedbyevery-country-for-itselfthinking.AsnationsscrambletoprotecttheirownpeoplefromthecontinuedfalloutoftheGreatRecession,thethreatofcurrencyandtradewarshasbecomeveryreal.GovernmentsfromTokyotoSantiagohavebeeninterveningincurrencymarkets,imposingmeasurestorestrictcapitalflowsandtakingotherstepstotrytopreventrisingcurrenciesfromdentingexportcompetitiveness."Thecurrencywarisaproxyforajobswar,"saysRoach.Inthemindofeverypolicymakerlooms—atleast,itshould—thedisastrousspiralintoprotectionismthatdeepenedtheDepressioninthe1930s.TheDoharoundoftradetalks：多哈回合貿(mào)易談判又稱多哈發(fā)展議程，是世界貿(mào)易組織于11月在卡塔爾首都多哈舉行世界貿(mào)易組織第四次部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議中開(kāi)始新一輪多邊貿(mào)易談判。議程原定于年1月1日前全方面結(jié)束談判，但至年底為止仍未能達(dá)成協(xié)議，最終于207月22日世界貿(mào)易組織總理事會(huì)同意下正式中止。Forge:amoveto

forge

newlinksbetweenmanagementandworkers努力建立勞資新關(guān)系辦法G-20:groupoftwenty二十國(guó)集團(tuán)Scramble:爭(zhēng)奪，搶Morethanthreemillionfansareexpectedto

scramble

fortickets...預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)有超出300萬(wàn)球迷搶購(gòu)門票。Fallout：

附帶后果；

余波Dent:減弱凹削減afterawhilethatsortofthing

dentsyourconfidence.那種事情過(guò)上一段時(shí)間就會(huì)挫傷信心。Proxy:代表代替Pricedifferencesareusedasaproxyfordifferencesinquality.一分錢一分貨。Loom:.縈繞在心揮之不去theterribleproblemofarmedcrimenow

loominglargeinoursociety...已日漸成為我們當(dāng)今社會(huì)一塊心病嚴(yán)重持械犯罪問(wèn)題第29頁(yè)Intheeconomicfield,thatisespeciallytrue.TheDoharoundoftradetalks,forexample,isliketheemperor'snewclothesinHansChristianAndersen'sfamoustale:everyoneknowsthere'snothingthere,butnobodywillsayso.Thespiritofcamaraderieforgedintheearlydaysofthefinancialcrisis—allthehopefulmeetingsandoptimisticcommuniquésoftheG-20—hasbeenreplacedbyevery-country-for-i