專題22 構(gòu)詞法 (解析版)

高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法填空專題應(yīng)對(duì)策略專題22構(gòu)詞法目錄一知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)詞法的轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法、混合法、縮略法、派生法、名詞后綴、動(dòng)詞后綴和形容詞后綴二考點(diǎn)考法關(guān)于充當(dāng)句中各成分的最典型的詞類，請(qǐng)記住以下三條：1.作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)要用名詞；2.作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般用形容詞；3.修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞。三真題回顧展現(xiàn)命題趨勢(shì)，明確考試目標(biāo)四真題訓(xùn)練近幾年構(gòu)詞法高考專題訓(xùn)練五考情分析在近年高考中，直接體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法填空中的應(yīng)用主要有：給出形容詞提示詞，填寫副詞或名詞；給出動(dòng)詞，填寫名詞或形容詞；給出名詞，填寫形容詞。然而，構(gòu)詞法不僅體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法填空中，而是廣泛分布在閱讀、完形等各種題型中。掌握構(gòu)詞法是快速拓展詞匯量，深入理解語(yǔ)篇的法寶。六模擬操練再次鞏固所掌握的知識(shí)點(diǎn)體系并能靈活應(yīng)用知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)1.轉(zhuǎn)化法動(dòng)詞→名詞Let’sgooutforawalk.我們出去散散步吧。(walk)名詞→動(dòng)詞WelunchedatWhite’s.我們?cè)趹烟丶页晕顼垺?lunched)形容詞→動(dòng)詞Culturehasfurtheredtheadvanceoflanguage.文化促進(jìn)了語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展。(hasfurthered)2.合成法合成名詞如：bookmark(書簽)；guidebook(指南手冊(cè))；workshop(研討會(huì)；車間)；sunset(日落)合成形容詞如：lifelong(終身的；畢生的)；heartbreaking(令人心碎的)；absent-minded(心不在焉的)合成動(dòng)詞如：whitewash(用石灰水刷白)；overcome(戰(zhàn)勝)；overthrow(推翻)合成副詞如：anyway(無(wú)論如何)；everywhere(到處)；however(盡管如此)；forever(永遠(yuǎn))合成介詞如：inside(在……里)；outside(在……外)；throughout(遍及)；within(在……之內(nèi))3.混合法如：smog(smoke+fog)煙霧；brunch(breakfast+lunch)早午餐；newscast(news+broadcast)新聞廣播;faction(fact+fiction)紀(jì)實(shí)文學(xué)；sci-fi(science+fiction)科幻小說(shuō)；docudrama(document+drama)紀(jì)實(shí)電影4.縮略法如：television→TV(讀字母音)電視;veryimportantperson→VIP(讀字母音)貴賓；TestingofEnglishasaForeignLanguage→TOEFL(作為一個(gè)單詞讀音)托福5.派生法1)前綴表否定1.dis-如：ability→disability(無(wú)能力;殘疾)；agree→disagree(意見(jiàn)不一致)；appear→disappear(消失)2.un-如：dress→undress(除去……的衣服);lock→unlock(開(kāi)鎖)；fold→unfold(展開(kāi)；顯露)3.in-,il-,im-,ir-如：accurate→inaccurate(不準(zhǔn)確的);legal→illegal(不合法的)；polite→impolite(不禮貌的)；possible→impossible(不可能的);regular→irregular(不規(guī)則的)4.mis-如：behave→misbehave(行為不端)；understand→misunderstand(誤解);fortune→misfortune(不幸)5.non-如：anon-drinker不喝酒的人；non-existence不存在；non-smoking非吸煙(區(qū))6.表重復(fù)re-如：arrange→rearrange(重新安排)；consider→reconsider(重新考慮)；create→recreate(重現(xiàn)；重建)7.表動(dòng)化en-如：able→enable(使能夠)；large→enlarge(擴(kuò)大)；rich→enrich(使充實(shí))2)后綴表示人1.-er如：buy→buyer(買主，購(gòu)買者);design→designer(設(shè)計(jì)者)；dance→dancer(舞者)2.-or如：act→actor(男演員);invent→inventor(發(fā)明者)；direct→director(指導(dǎo)者;導(dǎo)演)3.-ee如：employ→employee(受雇者,雇員);interview→interviewee(被采訪者；被面試者)4.-ist如：art→artist(藝術(shù)家，美術(shù)家);special→specialist(專家)；violin→violinist(小提琴演奏家)5.-ian如：music→musician(音樂(lè)家;樂(lè)師);politics→politician(政治家)6.-ant如：account→accountant(會(huì)計(jì))；assist→assistant(助手);serve→servant(仆人；傭人)7.-ess或woman如：god→goddess(女神)；poet→poetess(女詩(shī)人);policeman→policewoman(女警察)2)名詞后綴1.-ness如：awkward→awkwardness(笨拙;尷尬)；careless→carelessness(粗心)2.-ment如：achieve→achievement(成就;達(dá)成);accomplish→accomplishment(成就；成績(jī))3.-al如：approve→approval(贊成;批準(zhǔn))；arrive→arrival(到達(dá))；survive→survival(存活；幸存)4.-tion如：attract→attraction(吸引)；collect→collection(收藏品)；connect→connection(聯(lián)系;連接物)5.-(ss)ion如：discuss→discussion(討論);express→expression(表情);admit→admission(入場(chǎng)費(fèi)；準(zhǔn)入)6.-ance如：accept→acceptance(接受);appear→appearance(出現(xiàn);外表);assist→assistance(幫助)7.-ence如：depend→dependence(信賴,依賴);differ→difference(差異);exist→existence(存在；生存)8.-ture如：mix→mixture(混合；混合物);fail→failure(失敗;沒(méi)做到);press→pressure(壓力)9.-y如：recover→recovery(恢復(fù),痊愈);deliver→delivery(遞送，投遞);discover→discovery(發(fā)現(xiàn))10.名詞后綴-(i)ty如：electric→electricity(電);equal→equality(同等;平等);safe→safety(安全)3).動(dòng)詞后綴-en如：length→lengthen(使)變長(zhǎng),延伸;strength→strengthen(加強(qiáng))；fright→frighten(恐嚇)4).形容詞后綴-en如：gold→golden(金制的)；wood→wooden(木制的)考點(diǎn)考法關(guān)于充當(dāng)句中各成分的最典型的詞類，請(qǐng)記住以下三條：1.作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)要用名詞；2.作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般用形容詞；3.修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞。1.Themansaidthathewas__________(mere)apasser-byandthathedidn’twatchtheaccident.(答案為merely)2.Somepeoplesaythatthisnewdiscoverymightchangethewholesociety__________(complete).(答案為completely)3.I’m_______________(true)sorrythatthingshadtoendlikethis.(答案為truly)4.Toour__________,theheadmasterwasvery___________withourreport.(satisfy)(答案為satisfaction,satisfied)5.Weshouldformgoodeatinghabitsanddoproperexerciseinordertostay___________(health).(答案為healthy)真題回顧1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP'smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparatepopulationsandhomesofgiantpandas,and________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.【解析】此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞achieve。故填eventually。2.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome________(educate)abouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe________(develop)ofthelocalareas.【解析】第一空在系動(dòng)詞become后應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)，educated“受過(guò)教育的，有教養(yǎng)的”。第二空在冠詞the之后，應(yīng)用名詞development。3.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Itwill________(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!【解析】此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞help，意為“無(wú)疑地”，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填undoubtedly。4.(2021·全國(guó)乙卷)Provide________(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.【解析】設(shè)空處在名詞aid之前，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，financial“財(cái)政的”,故填financial。5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Butthat'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus________(astonish)．【解析】此句中含有“l(fā)eavesb/sth＋adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。賓語(yǔ)為us，應(yīng)用形容詞astonished作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明人的感受，意為“吃驚的”,故填astonished。6.(2021·全國(guó)甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesandwatchtowerstotakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheir________(day)routines.【解析】句意：據(jù)說(shuō)你可以在兩個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成，但我們?cè)诓煌拇箝T和瞭望塔旁停下來(lái)拍照，或者只是看當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行他們的日常生活。名詞routines前面要用形容詞修飾，故填daily。7.(2020·北京高考)Oliversaysifyou're________(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemif/whetheryoucanjoininwhenit'spossible.【解析】設(shè)空前有be動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。故填lucky。8.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Inthe18thand19thcenturies,________(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.【解析】句意：在18和19世紀(jì)，富人旅行并收集植物、歷史文物和藝術(shù)品。此處修飾名詞people，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故填wealthy。9.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)ChineseNewYearisa________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.【解析】不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。10.(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.【解析】句意：當(dāng)然，在假日期間，這種植物是必需品。此處用副詞修飾整個(gè)句子，且句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Certainly。

11.(2020年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular__________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.

【解析】句意：月球背面令科學(xué)家尤其感興趣……。此處為“be+of+n.”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于“be+adj.”，故填名詞interest。12.(2020年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)

Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis___________(extreme)challenging.

【解析】考查副詞。修飾形容詞challenging應(yīng)用副詞，故填extremely。13.(2020年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)The__________(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.

【解析】與long并列修飾名詞branches，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填beautiful。14.(2020年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Filledwith___________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

【解析】作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞，故填curiosity。15.(2019年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___________(poor)studied.

【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞studied作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞，意為“研究很少”，故填poorly。

16.(2019年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___________

(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.

【解析】前面的不定冠詞提示我們，空格處應(yīng)填名詞，故填belief。

17.(2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave___________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.

【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞havebeenacknowledged，應(yīng)用副詞，故填finally。18.(2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Butthenwegotanofficialletterandwewereblownaway.Wearesoproudofher.It’s____________(wonder).

【解析】在系動(dòng)詞is后作表語(yǔ)應(yīng)用形容詞,故填wonderful。19.(2019年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting____________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.

【解析】由空格前的不定冠詞an及形容詞interesting可知，空格處應(yīng)該填名詞，故填competition。20.(2019年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Theyalsosharedwithusmany___________(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere___________(huge)popularwithtourists.

【解析】修飾名詞stories應(yīng)用形容詞，故填traditional；修飾形容詞popular應(yīng)用副詞，故填hugely。21.(2018年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways___________

(energy).

【解析】作表語(yǔ)要用形容詞，energetic表示“精力旺盛的，充滿活力的”，故填energetic。22.(2018年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Atasteformeatis___________

(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.

【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞is作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞，故填actually。23.(2018年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thisswitchhasdecreased___________(pollute)inthecountry’smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.

【解析】作動(dòng)詞decreased的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞，故填pollution。24.(2018年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal_______(globe)fertilizerconsumption.

【解析】在名詞短語(yǔ)fertilizerconsumption前作定語(yǔ)要用形容詞，意為“全球的化肥消耗量”，故填global。25.(2018年全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto_________

(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.

【解析】句意：為了避免肌肉疼痛，你可以在柔軟的路面上跑步，做運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)增強(qiáng)腿部肌肉……。空處為表示目的的不定式，“to+動(dòng)詞原形”，故填動(dòng)詞形式strengthen，意為“增強(qiáng)，強(qiáng)化”。

26.(2018年全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma__________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.

【解析】句意：我的名字是MireyaMayor。我是一名研究大猩猩和猴子之類的動(dòng)物的科學(xué)家。根據(jù)句意及空格前的冠詞a可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞，表示“科學(xué)家”，故填scientist。27.(2017全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.【解析】作表語(yǔ)要用形容詞，句意為：小心別走極端，故填careful。28.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe____________

(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.

【解析】作介詞的賓語(yǔ)要用名詞以及在冠詞the后要用名詞，表示“采用，引入”，故填introduction。29.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost___________(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.【解析】themost后要加形容詞表最高級(jí)，故填successful?？记榉治鲈诮旮呖贾校苯芋w現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法填空中的應(yīng)用主要有：給出形容詞提示詞，填寫副詞或名詞；給出動(dòng)詞，填寫名詞或形容詞；給出名詞，填寫形容詞。然而，構(gòu)詞法不僅體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法填空中，而是廣泛分布在閱讀、完形等各種題型中。掌握構(gòu)詞法是快速拓展詞匯量，深入理解語(yǔ)篇的法寶。模擬操練1.(2023屆江蘇無(wú)錫期中調(diào)研)The___________(tradition)valuesofkungfu,actually,areinthemindsofallChinesepeople.【解析】修飾名詞values應(yīng)用形容詞，故填traditional。2.(2023屆貴州遵義期中考試)Ontheirroadback,theservicemenwereoverwhelmedbylocalresidents’_______(warm).【解析】在名詞所有格residents’后應(yīng)接名詞，故填warmth。3.(2023屆河南洛平許濟(jì)一檢)Thedolphin’s_________(able)topleasehumanshasmadeitoneofourfavouritesintheanimalkingdom.【解析】根據(jù)名詞所有格dolphin’s可知，應(yīng)用名詞形式，表示“能力”。4.(2023屆山東泰安期中考試)Studentsneedtomakerealeffortswhentakinglabourcourses,sotheycan________(real)cultivate(培養(yǎng))virtuesofstrongwillpower,perseveranceandteamwork.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞cultivate用副詞，意為“真正地”，故填really。5.Tryingtomotivateyourselfinawaythatisn’t_________(attract)toyouwillmakeitdifficulttoconvinceyourselftowork.【解析】作表語(yǔ)用形容詞，故填attractive。6.(2023屆江蘇常州期中考試)“Idon’twanttoparticipateatallinthemachinethat’sgoingto_________(cheap)whatIdo,”saidDanielDanger.【解析】因begoingto后接動(dòng)詞原形，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“使降價(jià)；使貶值”，故填cheapen。7.(2023屆廣西北海一模)Atfirst,thefarmersmisunderstandthe___________(intend)ofChengRan,oneoftheofficials,butthentheybecomefriends.【解析】作動(dòng)詞misunderstand的賓語(yǔ)，或在定冠詞the和介詞of之間用名詞形式，意為“意圖”，故填intention。8.(2023屆廣東廣州階段訓(xùn)練)Theseheritagesites__________(effective)protectedChina’srepresentativegeologicalrelics,mountains,forestsandlakes.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞protected應(yīng)用副詞，故填effectively。9.(2023屆重慶11月調(diào)研)Timemaylimitourabilitytokeepsocialties,butourdesireforsocialcommunicationis_______(limit).【解析】在系動(dòng)詞is后作表語(yǔ)，用形容詞。由but可知，與前文“時(shí)間可能會(huì)限制我們保持社會(huì)聯(lián)系的能力”相對(duì)，表示“但我們對(duì)社會(huì)交流的渴望是無(wú)限的”，故填limitless。10.(2023屆江蘇徐州期中考試)Aspartofthishistoricbreakthrough,theregionhasbeenmakingeffortstoenhancetheprotectionandinheritanceofethnicsportsandthe_____________(develop)ofoutdoorsports.【解析】作動(dòng)詞enhance的賓語(yǔ)，或在定冠詞the和介詞of之間用名詞形式，表示“戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展”，故填development。11.(2023屆山東煙臺(tái)期中考試)ProfessorYangLeiandZhangLiangdiscussedChinesepoetryandpaintingwhileDaiJingangexposedtheaudiencetothecharm(魅力)oftraditionalChinesemedicineandthe_________(wise)ofhealthpreservation.【解析】在定冠詞the和介詞of之間用名詞形式，表示“智慧”。12.(2023屆江蘇蘇州期中調(diào)研)InSouthChina,thereisacustom__________(popular)knownas“havingQiucai(anautumnvegetable)ontheAutumnEquinoxday”.【解析】修飾known應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填popularly。13.(2023屆四川綿陽(yáng)一診)Now,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevarietyhavereacheda________(high)ofabout30cm.【解析】作動(dòng)詞havereached的賓語(yǔ)，或在冠詞a和介詞of之間，應(yīng)用名詞，故填height。14.(2023屆河北保定期中測(cè)試)Amongtheexcavatedartifacts(出土文物),acompletegoldmaskabout10gramsin________(weigh),37.2centimeterswide,and16.5centimetershighwasunearthedfromNo.3Pitafewdaysago.【解析】作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞，故填weight。15.(2023屆遼寧沈陽(yáng)期中考試)EmergingevidenceinhumanssuggeststheWesternhigh-fatandhighsugarjunkfooddietcanquickly_________(weak)yourbrain’sappetitecontrol.【解析】在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞，故填weaken。16.(2023屆山東德州期中考試)Manyclimbingenthusiastsliketospendawholenightreachingitspeaktorecorditsbeautifulsunriseandenjoythehotspringfor__________(relax).【解析】作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞，故填relaxation。17.(2023屆四川瀘州一診)Throughtheparticipationofagreaternumberofonlineusers,whogrowvirtualtrees,theSEEFoundationhasbeenprovidingsubsidieswhileoffering___________(power)supportintechnologyfordesertareas.【解析】修飾名詞support，用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，故填powerful。18.(2023屆浙江湖州、麗水、衢州質(zhì)檢)Overthenext30years,videogamesexplodedin_____________(popular).Moreandmorecountries,suchasSouthKorea,ChinaandtheUnitedStates,startedtodevelopeSportsintoanindustry.【解析】作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，用名詞形式，意為“受歡迎；流行”，故填popularity。19.(2023屆河南焦作期中考試)SunMoonLakeislocatedinthecentralregionofTaiwan.Itcoversanareaof7.7squarekilometersandhasanaveragewater_______(deep)of40meters.【解析】作動(dòng)詞has的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)填名詞形式depth，adepthof意為“深度為……”，故填depth。20.(2023屆重慶11月調(diào)研)Inthepast,friendshipswere________(great)limitedbytime,spaceandattention.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞werelimited，用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填greatly。21.(2023年1月浙江卷)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby__________(space)homesandwalledgardens.【解析】修飾名詞homes，用形容詞作定語(yǔ)，表示“寬敞的”，故填spacious。22.(2023屆四川資陽(yáng)一診)Thosepassageways,withatotallengthof59kilometers,enableantelopes(羚羊)andotheranimalstogoacrosstherailway_______(free).【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞go，用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示“自由地”，故填freely。23.PlasticlabeledBPA-freemightuseotherchemicalsthathave_________(harm)healtheffects.【解析】在名詞前作定語(yǔ)，意為“有害健康的化學(xué)物質(zhì)”，用harm的形容詞形式harmful。24.(2023屆河南新鄉(xiāng)一模)Inadditionto__________(extreme)largeamountsofmanualwork,technologyalsoprovidesaprotectivebarrierforthecitywall.【解析】修飾形容詞large，用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填extremely。25.Thankstothehotanddryclimatethatresultsfrombeingsurroundedbythedesert,hugequantitiesoflargeand_________(juice)grapeswithverythinskinsareproduced.【解析】修飾名詞grapes作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞，故填juicy。26.(2023屆山東德州期中考試)TheQinlingpandaisdistinguishedbyits__________(slight)smallersizeandfurthatisbrownratherthanblack.【解析】修飾形容詞smaller應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填slightly。27.Robotsarealsoabletoworkin____________(danger)situations.【解析】修飾名詞situations應(yīng)用形容詞，故填dangerous。28.(2023屆廣東大灣區(qū)一模)Otheractivitiesduringthefestival__________(main)includesweepingdustandmakingChinesepapercutsforwindowdecoration.【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞include應(yīng)用副詞，故填mainly。29.It’sobviousthatthisserviceis_____________(convenience)totheold,especiallytothedisabledcustomers.【解析】作表語(yǔ)用形容詞，故填convenient。30.(2023屆江蘇鹽城期中考試)Theefficiencyofwateruseintheareaisamongthehighest_________(global),saidanofficialattheadministrativecommitteeofBeijingE-Town.【解析】修飾介詞短語(yǔ)amongthehighest，用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填globally。31.ThestructuralprinciplesofChinesearchitecturehaveremainedlargely___________(change),themainchangesbeingonlythedecorativedetails.【解析】因remained在此處是系動(dòng)詞，由后面的only可知是沒(méi)有變化，故填形容詞unchanged。32.(2023屆河南洛平許濟(jì)一檢)Butwhiledolphinsshowsuchfriendlinesstowardshumans,__________(unlucky),humansdon’treturnthefavour.Pollutionandfishingnetsaretwooftheterribledangerstheyface.【解析】修飾整個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞，故填unluckily。33.“Thisisimportanttohelptargeteffortstoreducedepression,whichmakesitmuchharderforpeopletoadopt________(health)lifestylehabits,”saidDrJessTyrrell.【解析】修飾名詞lifestylehabits應(yīng)用形容詞，故填healthy。34.Evenifagradeisnotgiven,thestudentis____________(responsibility)forlearningthematerialassigned.【解析】系動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填responsible。35.(2023屆四川資陽(yáng)一診)Basedonyearsof__________(science)observationofwildlifemigrationintheregion,thebridgewasbuiltwiththepurposeofreducingthehighway’seffectontheanimals.【解析】在名詞observation前作定語(yǔ)，用形容詞，表示“科學(xué)觀察”，故填scientific。36.DragonisabeliefofChinesenationanda_______(gold)Chineseelement(元素).【解析】修飾名詞element需用形容詞，故填golden。37.(2023屆山東濟(jì)南期中考試)___________(hopeful),thedonatedbookswillopenanewwindowofunderstandingofChinese