專(zhuān)題一　第2講　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題專(zhuān)題一第2講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單擊添加副標(biāo)題

英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí)匯報(bào)日期：2019.01.01202X非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的重要部分，是高考的必考項(xiàng)目。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)、動(dòng)名詞，在句子中可以作除謂語(yǔ)以外的其他成分。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？伎键c(diǎn)主要有動(dòng)詞不定式的功能、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的用法區(qū)別及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、省略等。該項(xiàng)內(nèi)容考查考生在具體語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析句子成分的能力。(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ改編)Xiao

long

bao(soupdumplings)，thoseamazing①constructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasing①hot，tastysoupandsweet，freshmeat，arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaming①anddangerouslyhot.Toeat②one，youhavetodecidewhethertobite②asmallholeinitfirst，releasing①thesteamandrisking①aspill(溢出)，ortoput②thewholedumplinginyourmouth，letting①thehotsoupexplode②onyourtongue(舌頭).Shanghaimaybetherecognized③homeofthesoupdumplings，butfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboring①ancientcanaltownofNanxiangasxiaolongbao’sbirthplace.There，you’llfindthemprepared③differently—moredumplingandlesssoup，andthewrappersarepressedbyhandratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside，thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin，allowing①themtobelifted②outofthesteamerbasketwithouttearing①orspilling①anyoftheircontents.Themeatshouldbefreshwithatouchofsweetness，andthesurrounding①souphot，clearanddelicious.目錄01單擊此處添加文本單擊此處添加文本02NomatterwhereIbuythem，onesteamerbasketisrarelyenough，yettwoseemsgreedy，andsoIamalwaysleftwanting①morenexttime.規(guī)則感悟上文中加黑部分都是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，①為動(dòng)詞-ing形式，其中amazing，encasing，neighboring和surrounding作定語(yǔ)；steaming，releasing，risking，letting和allowing作狀語(yǔ)；tearing和spilling作賓語(yǔ)；wanting作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。②為動(dòng)詞不定式，其中explode是省略to的不定式，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；tobelifted為不定式的被動(dòng)形式，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；Toeat作狀語(yǔ)；tobite和toput作賓語(yǔ)。③為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，其中recognized作定語(yǔ)；prepared作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。內(nèi)容索引考點(diǎn)精講一非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及句法功能考點(diǎn)精講二

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)分層演練考點(diǎn)精講三

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)精講四

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)精講五

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法鏈接寫(xiě)作<考點(diǎn)精講一01非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及句法功能>種類(lèi)形式主動(dòng)被動(dòng)主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式一般式todotobedone√√√√√√進(jìn)行式tobedoing×完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone動(dòng)名詞一般式doingbeingdone√√×√√×完成式havingdonehavingbeendone分詞現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doingbeingdone××√√√√完成式havingdonehavingbeendone過(guò)去分詞一般式done(vi.)表完成done(vt.)表被動(dòng)與完成××√√√√Hearinghowothersreacttothebookyouhavejustreadcreatesanaddedpleasure.聽(tīng)別人對(duì)你剛讀過(guò)的這本書(shū)的反應(yīng)會(huì)帶來(lái)額外的樂(lè)趣。It’stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我該認(rèn)真思考一下那篇論文了。Askedwhathadhappened，heloweredhishead.問(wèn)他發(fā)生了什么事的時(shí)候，他低下了頭。Tomtookataxitotheairport，onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車(chē)去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。Havingbeenignoredforalongtime，theboysittingatthebackfeltboredandwentout.因長(zhǎng)時(shí)間被忽視，坐在后面的那個(gè)男孩感到枯燥就出去了。TherearestillmanyproblemstobesolvedbeforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.在我們準(zhǔn)備在月球上長(zhǎng)住之前，還有很多問(wèn)題需要解決。CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtohaveinventedthefirstcomputer.人們一致認(rèn)為查爾斯·巴貝奇發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。1.Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim

(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.(2021·全國(guó)乙)2.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_________

(carry)outthenextyear.3.Not

(complete)theprogramme，theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)tohavecarriedhavingcompleted4.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper

(rob)inbroaddaylightyesterday.5.Thisproblemisfarfrom

(settle)，soithastobediscussedagainattomorrow’smeeting.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)tohavebeenrobbedbeingsettled返回><考點(diǎn)精講二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)(1)不定式作主語(yǔ)，一般表示具體某一次的動(dòng)作。常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而不定式是真正的主語(yǔ)，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。Whendrinkingtea，playingchess，readingorwriting，tolightanincensestickcanhelpcalmthenervesandconcentratethemind.在喝茶、下棋、讀書(shū)或?qū)懽鲿r(shí)，點(diǎn)一根香可以幫助鎮(zhèn)靜神經(jīng)、集中精力。Itishardtonameacomedystarwhohasn’tbeenonthestagehere.(2022·全國(guó)甲)很難說(shuō)出一位沒(méi)有在這里登臺(tái)演出的喜劇明星的名字?！咀⒁狻吭凇癐tis/was＋adj.＋for/ofsbtodosth”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若形容詞側(cè)重于評(píng)價(jià)人物的特性、特征，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用of，此時(shí)形容詞常為kind，nice，foolish等詞，且sb與形容詞之間可構(gòu)成邏輯上的系表關(guān)系；若形容詞側(cè)重于描寫(xiě)不定式動(dòng)作的特征、特點(diǎn)，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用for。Itisgenerousofhimtocontributesomuch.他捐獻(xiàn)了這么多真是太慷慨了。Itwasimportantforustolivealow-carbonlife.過(guò)一種低碳生活對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。(2)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念，一般都放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前，有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)。Playingwithfireisdangerous.玩火會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)?！咀⒁狻肯旅婢湫椭谐Ｓ脛?dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：Itis/wasawaste(of...)/nouse/nogooddoingsthItisnousecomplainingwithouttakingaction.不采取行動(dòng)而只是抱怨是沒(méi)有用的。Itisnogoodcomingbeforethat.在那之前來(lái)沒(méi)有用。2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)(1)不定式作表語(yǔ)多表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的夢(mèng)想是考入北京大學(xué)。Myjobistocleantheroomseveryday.我的工作是每天打掃房間。(2)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，句子主語(yǔ)常是表示無(wú)生命的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。Ourjobisplayingallkindsofmusic.我們的工作是演奏各種各樣的音樂(lè)。(3)現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞也可以作表語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“令人……的”；而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)意為“人感到……的”。It’swellknownthatatigerlooksveryfrightening.眾所周知，老虎看起來(lái)令人很害怕。Weweremovedatthenewsthathehaddiedforthemotherland.聽(tīng)到他為國(guó)捐軀的消息，我們都很感動(dòng)。3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)(1)不定式作賓語(yǔ)①常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish，refuse，manage，volunteer，pretend主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，helpMyEnglishteacherpromisedtolendsomebookstome.我的英語(yǔ)老師答應(yīng)借給我一些書(shū)。Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我們一致同意在校門(mén)口見(jiàn)面。②動(dòng)詞tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”作賓語(yǔ)。Pleasetellmewhentostarttheproject.請(qǐng)告訴我何時(shí)開(kāi)始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。③在某些動(dòng)詞如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，然后加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，最后加不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。(2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)①常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon，admit，delay/putoff，fancy避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞avoid，miss，goon/keepon，practise，deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)避免forbid，imagine，risk，can’thelp，mind，allow/permit，escapeHetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我們只因差五分鐘而未能見(jiàn)面。Mymothercouldn’thelpsmilingwhensheheardthegoodnews.聽(tīng)到那個(gè)好消息，我媽媽情不自禁地笑起來(lái)。②介詞后要跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但是介詞but后跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。In1993，Chinaused1.2billiontonsofcoalforheatingandgeneratingelectricity.1993年，中國(guó)燒掉了12億噸煤用于供熱和發(fā)電。Aftereatinginherrestaurantpeoplewouldbecometiredveryquickly.人們?cè)谒牟宛^里吃過(guò)飯以后，很快就會(huì)感到疲乏。Theyhadnochoicebuttowaithere.他們別無(wú)選擇只有在這兒等待。③由“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的有be/getusedto(習(xí)慣于)，feellike(想要)，insiston(堅(jiān)持)，getdownto(開(kāi)始)，devote...to...(致力于……)，objectto(反對(duì))，stickto(堅(jiān)持)，giveup(放棄)等。Withmanyreferencematerialsinhand，hegotdowntowritinghisgraduationthesis.手頭有許多參考資料，他開(kāi)始寫(xiě)畢業(yè)論文。(3)下列動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別：meantodosth打算做某事meandoingsth意味著做某事forgettodosth忘記要去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth忘記做過(guò)某事(已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生regrettodosth對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾(未做)regretdoingsth對(duì)做過(guò)的事后悔(已做)trytodosth努力去做某事trydoingsth嘗試做某事goontodosth繼續(xù)做另一件事goondoingsth繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事remembertodosth記住去做某事(未做)rememberdoingsth記得做過(guò)某事(已做)Imeanttogiveyouthisbooktoday，butIforgot.我本來(lái)打算今天給你這本書(shū)的，可是我忘了。Missingthistrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.錯(cuò)過(guò)這輛火車(chē)意味著得再等一小時(shí)。4.在need，want，require等后表示被動(dòng)意義，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞不需要。Mybikeneedstoberepaired.＝Mybikeneedsrepairing.我的自行車(chē)需要修理。1.Itispossible

(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.(2021·全國(guó)甲)2.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

(educate)abouttheareas.(2021·全國(guó)乙)3.Itiswidelybelievedthat

(form)agoodhabitwillbenefitusallourlives.4.WhenPeterspeaksinpublic，healwayshastrouble

(think)oftherightthingstosay.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)towalkeducatedformingthinking5.Wepacedaroundtoavoid

(get)frostbite(凍傷)asthetemperaturestayedcloseto－30℃andourdrillbatteriesbecametoocoldtowork.6.Theexpertsallagreethatthepresenteconomicsituationis___________

(encourage).對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)gettingencouraging返回<考點(diǎn)精講三01非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)>1.不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作；不定式的被動(dòng)式tobedone作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)、被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。Youaresupposedtotakethisopportunitytorealizeyourdream.你應(yīng)該抓住這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.將在會(huì)議上討論的那個(gè)問(wèn)題非常重要。(2)不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語(yǔ)。如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后需要加相應(yīng)的介詞。Hehadnopentowritewithsohehadtoborrowonefromhisneighbour.他沒(méi)有鋼筆寫(xiě)字，不得不從鄰居那兒借了一支。(3)當(dāng)中心詞為序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)，thelast，theonly等或中心詞被這類(lèi)詞修飾，且該中心詞是作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，多用不定式作定語(yǔ)。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。(4)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的該類(lèi)名詞有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。2.分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞、“being＋過(guò)去分詞”、過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用“being＋過(guò)去分詞”；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表完成或狀態(tài)時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞。Theparkwasfullofpeopleenjoyingthemselvesinthesunshine.公園里人山人海，人們?cè)陉?yáng)光下玩得很快樂(lè)。(主動(dòng))Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.我們必須對(duì)在此討論的問(wèn)題保密。(被動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行)Theplayersselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.人們期待著從全國(guó)各地挑選出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員能在今年夏季的賽事中給我們帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)。(被動(dòng)、完成)(2)不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式作定語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的不及物動(dòng)詞的分詞形式有：現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞只表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成，不表被動(dòng)。fallingleaves正在下落的葉子(表正在進(jìn)行)fallenleaves落葉(表完成)3.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)常用來(lái)說(shuō)明被修飾詞的用途或目的。awalkingstick拐杖areadingroom閱覽室asleepingcar臥鋪車(chē)1.Thematter

(discuss)nowissoimportantthatitwillattracteveryone’sattention.2.Havingalargefamily

(support)，hetookuptwopart-timejobsinhissparetime.3.EarthDay，

(mark)on22April，isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.4.Actually，itisquitenormalforanaverageperson

(live)inacitytoseethousandsofadseverysingleday.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)beingdiscussedtosupportmarkedliving返回<考點(diǎn)精講四02非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)>1.不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)意為“為了”，可以單獨(dú)放在句首、句中或句末。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，不定式前也可加inorder或soas，但soasto不能用于句首。Topassthecollegeentranceexam，wemustworkhard.為了通過(guò)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試，我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Thebusstoppedinorderto/soastopickuppassengers.公共汽車(chē)停下來(lái)以便接載乘客。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示令人意外的結(jié)果，其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子的主語(yǔ)，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)：onlyto(不料……)、enoughto(足夠……)、too...to...(太……而不能……)、so/such...asto...(如此……以至于……)等。Tomhurriedbackonlytofindthathismotherhadleft.湯姆匆忙趕回來(lái)，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的母親已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。Heiscleverenoughtoworkoutthedifficultmathsproblem.他足夠聰明，能解決這道數(shù)學(xué)難題。I’mtootiredtostayupanylonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。(3)作原因狀語(yǔ)形容詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因或所表示的情況，常用在“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用于這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.我們吃驚地發(fā)現(xiàn)，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子?！咀⒁狻窟€有一類(lèi)形容詞如easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì)，后面也常用不定式作狀語(yǔ)，不定式和句子主語(yǔ)之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空氣呼吸起來(lái)很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.這本書(shū)很難理解。2.分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且含有進(jìn)行的意義；過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且含有完成的意義。(1)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于when，while，before，since，as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。TranslatedintoEnglish，thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.＝WhenthesentencewastranslatedintoEnglish，itwasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.當(dāng)這個(gè)句子被譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)它有一個(gè)完全不同的語(yǔ)序。(2)作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于because，since，as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。①Notunderstandingthisproblem，heaskedtheteacheraboutit.＝Becausehedidn’tunderstandthisproblem，heaskedtheteacheraboutit.因?yàn)椴焕斫膺@個(gè)問(wèn)題，他問(wèn)了老師。②Defeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.＝Becausehewasdefeatedbyhisdeskmate，hefeltdiscouraged.由于被同桌打敗了，他感到氣餒。(3)作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于if，unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Givenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.＝IfI’mgivenanotherhour，Icanalsoworkouttheproblem.如果再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。(4)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用現(xiàn)在分詞表示自然而然的結(jié)果，分詞前可接thus。MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina，makingitmucheasierforpeopletotravelfromoneplacetoanother.中國(guó)又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。(5)作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的次要的(或者伴隨的)動(dòng)作，常用逗號(hào)與句子主體部分隔開(kāi)，相當(dāng)于并列句。OneeveningHarryphonedme，askingmetocometohisflatassoonaspossible.＝OneeveningHarryphonedme，andheaskedmetocometohisflatassoonaspossible.一天晚上哈里給我打電話，要求我盡快去他的公寓。(6)作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于though，although，evenif等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Warnedofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.＝Thoughhewaswarnedofthedanger，hestillwentskatingonthethinice.雖然被警告有危險(xiǎn)，他仍舊在薄冰上滑冰?！咀⒁狻磕承﹦?dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且往往用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)這些過(guò)去分詞既不表示被動(dòng)，也不表示完成，而表示一種狀態(tài)，如：lost(迷路的)、seated(坐著的)、hidden(隱瞞的)、lost/absorbed(沉迷于……的)、dressed(穿著……的)、tired(對(duì)……感到厭倦的)、excited(興奮的)等。Absorbedinhisbook，hedidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.專(zhuān)心于讀書(shū)，他沒(méi)注意到我進(jìn)入房間。Dressedinred，shelooksmorebeautiful.穿著紅色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。3.獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱(chēng)作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：獨(dú)立成分含義generallyspeaking一般來(lái)說(shuō)frankly/honestlyspeaking坦白地/老實(shí)說(shuō)judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷considering.../oconsideration/account考慮到……totellyouthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話seeing...考慮到……given...考慮到……comparedto/with...與……相比Generallyspeaking，theruleisveryeasytounderstand.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這條規(guī)則很容易懂。Judgingfromhisaccent，heisfromHongKong.從口音判斷，他是香港人。Totellyouthetruth，Iamalittletired.說(shuō)實(shí)話，我有點(diǎn)累。

4.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(1)構(gòu)成：名詞/代詞＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式(2)特點(diǎn)：①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在；②獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中作邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞與后面的分詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等是邏輯上的主謂或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系；③它表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件或伴隨情況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句。Muchworktodotonight(＝Astherewillbemuchworktodotonight)，wecan’tgotoseethefilm.今晚有很多活要干，我們不能去看電影。Weatherpermitting(＝Ifweatherpermits)，theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天氣允許的話，他們明天將去海灘郊游。Hewaslyingonthegrass，hishandscrossedunderhishead(＝andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他頭枕著交叉的雙手躺在草地上。1.Later，theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons，plantingattherighttimeand，indryareas，

(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.2.Forthousandsofyears，peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)

(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.(2023·全國(guó)甲)3.Time

(permit)，youcanpayavisittosomeplacesofinterestinHangzhou.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)makingtoteachpermitting4.

(complete)in1931，theEmpireStateBuilding，thehighestskyscraperuntil1954，inspiredtheimaginationoftheworld.5.Ilovetogosightseeingworldwide，always

(absorb)inthecultureofeverycountryIvisit.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)Completedabsorbed返回><考點(diǎn)精講五非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(1)有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，即“動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)＋todo”。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：advise建議allow允許ask詢(xún)問(wèn)；要求beg懇求cause導(dǎo)致encourage鼓勵(lì)permit準(zhǔn)許forbid禁止force強(qiáng)迫intend打算invite邀請(qǐng)order命令；要求persuade說(shuō)服prefer更喜歡require需要；要求teach教remind提醒tell告訴want想要warn警告wish希望；想要waitfor等待callon號(hào)召；要求dependon依靠

urge催促；力勸Shepatientlyexplainedalltherulestothestudentsandrequiredeveryonetofollowthem.她耐心地向?qū)W生解釋了所有的規(guī)則并要求每個(gè)人都遵守這些規(guī)則。Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。HedependsonyoutohelphimwithhisEnglish.他指望你幫助他學(xué)英語(yǔ)。(2)下列句型中常用動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，它們是：sbbesaid/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋todo/tohavedone/tobedone/tobedoing/tohavebeendonesthHeissaidtohavebeencheatedinthestreet.據(jù)說(shuō)，他在大街上被騙了。Theaccidentisreportedtohavekilledtwopeople.據(jù)報(bào)道，那次事故中有兩人喪生。2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作感官動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))、使役動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)(1)感官動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))see，watch，observe，lookat，notice，hear，listento，feel的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有四種形式，以see為例：see＋賓語(yǔ)＋doingsth看見(jiàn)……正做……dosth看見(jiàn)……做了……?賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系beingdone看見(jiàn)……正在被做done看見(jiàn)……被做?賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系Isawsomeboysalldressedinuniformsleavethelabfollowingateacherafewminutesago.幾分鐘前，我看見(jiàn)一些穿校服的男生跟著一個(gè)老師離開(kāi)了實(shí)驗(yàn)室。AsIgotcloser，Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.當(dāng)我走近時(shí)，我看見(jiàn)他的腿在空中亂踢，并且呼吸沉重。Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，DrLeewasveryhappytoseehismothertakengoodcareofathome.從非洲醫(yī)療服務(wù)兩年回來(lái)后，李醫(yī)生十分高興地看到家里的母親得到了很好的照顧。[注意]

“感官動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)需加to。Aclerkwiththreestrangerswasobservedtoenterthebankhurriedly，aheavyboxcarriedinherarms.有人看見(jiàn)一個(gè)職員抱著一個(gè)沉重的箱子和三個(gè)陌生人一起匆忙走進(jìn)銀行。(2)使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have，get后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的情況：①make＋賓語(yǔ)＋do讓……做……?賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系done讓……被做?Theteachermadesomestudentsstayintheclassroomafterschool.老師讓一些學(xué)生放學(xué)后待在教室里。Thehallwassonoisythattheteachertriedtospeakloudertomakehimselfheard.大廳里如此吵鬧以至于老師盡力大聲說(shuō)話以便別人能聽(tīng)到。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系②let＋賓語(yǔ)＋do讓……做……?賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系bedone讓……被做?Don’tletyourchildplaywithmatchesincaseabigfirebreaksout.別讓你的孩子玩火柴，以防發(fā)生火災(zāi)。Letthehomeworkbedoneimmediately；otherwiseit’stimeforyoutohanditin.請(qǐng)立刻完成作業(yè)，不然就該交了。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系③have＋賓語(yǔ)＋dosth讓……做某事doingsth使……持續(xù)做某事賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系Hehadthelightburningallnight，whichmadehisparentsveryangry.他讓燈著了整晚，這使他父母很生氣。MycarbrokedownonmywaytoworkandIwillhaveitrepairedtomorrow.我的車(chē)在上班的路上壞了，明天要找人修一下。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系?done使……被做?【注意】(1)“使役動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)也需加to。Hewasmadetoworkdayandnight，sohewasverytiredofthejob.他被迫日夜工作，所以他非常厭倦這項(xiàng)工作。(2)havesbdoingsth用于否定句中，常與can’t，won’t等連用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat，whichissorude.我不容許你和你父親那樣講話，太不禮貌了。④get＋賓語(yǔ)＋todosth使……做doingsth使……開(kāi)始做賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系It’snothardtogethimtalking—theproblemisstoppinghim.讓他開(kāi)始說(shuō)話不難，難的是讓他住口。MybikebrokedownonthewaybackandIamgoingtogetitrepairedtomorrow.我的自行車(chē)在回來(lái)的路上壞了，我打算明天去修。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系done使……被做?3.動(dòng)詞leave，keep，find，catch后加非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的情況(1)leavesb/sthdoingsth讓某人/物一直處于某種狀態(tài)賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行sthundone留下某事未做??賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，賓補(bǔ)一般多為undone，unfinished，unsettled，untouched，etc.sbtodosth讓某人去做某事sthtobedone留下某事要做?動(dòng)詞不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作(2)keepsb/sthdoingsth讓某人/物一直做某事sb/sthdone使某人/物被……?表示被動(dòng)且完成，或表示狀態(tài)(3)findsbdoing發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做……sb/sthdone發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物已經(jīng)……sb/sthtobe...發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物……?表示完成或狀態(tài)(4)catchsbdoingsth撞見(jiàn)某人正在做某事Theguestsleftmostofthedishesuntouched,becausetheydidn’ttastedelicious.大部分的菜客人們都沒(méi)有動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾豢煽?。Theyusecomputerstokeepthetrafficrunningsmoothly.他們使用電腦以使交通暢通無(wú)阻。Thehallwasfoundthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder.人們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂徹底地被打掃了，一切都布置得井井有條。Icaughthimsmokinginthebathroom.我撞見(jiàn)他在浴室里抽煙。4.“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)(1)with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞，現(xiàn)在分詞可表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼睛望著天空。(2)with＋名詞/代詞＋過(guò)去分詞，過(guò)去分詞可表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已完成或表狀態(tài)Withhishaircut，helookedmuchyounger.理了發(fā)，他看起來(lái)年輕多了。(3)with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式，不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生Withalotofhomeworktodo，Ican’tgoskatingwithyou.因?yàn)橛泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。1.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound

(smoke)inthekitchen.2.Theshopownerwillgetallthesegoodsordered

(deliver)tothecustomerstoday.3.Theyarerequired

(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)smokingdeliveredtoprocess1.

(know)thatyouarecomingtovisitoneofyourChinesefriends，I’mwritingtoinformyouofsomecustomsyoushouldpayattentionto.2.

(offer)theopportunitytospeakatthegraduationceremonymademeoverjoyed.3.Hewasreported

(receive)80,000yuanforofferingafour-Chinese-characteransweronapay-for-knowledgeplatform.4.

(show)aroundtheclassrooms，weweretakentoseethelibrary.KnowingBeingofferedtohavereceivedHavingbeenshown5.Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake，

(make)usawakeallnight.返回making<03考點(diǎn)分層演練>單句語(yǔ)法填空層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練1.Moststudentsobjectto

(charge)forparkingoncampus.2.Thenewtechnology，if

(apply)toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.3.Forthosepeople

(desire)someperfectshotsandthosewhodon’twanttowaittoolong，gettingupearliercanbeveryrewarding.4.Iftheywinthefinaltonight，theteamaregoingtotouraroundthecity______________(cheer)bytheirenthusiasticsupporters.beingchargedapplieddesiringtobecheered5.

(suffer)fromhearttroubleforyears，ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.6.Itissaidtobeaplacethatmakesyouforgetyourageandfatigueandfeelso

(absorb)thatyouwon’tleaveonceyou’rethere.7.Thepowerfulandnaturalsprings

(associate)withYellowstone’sidentityandpicturelandscapebroughtYellowstoneitsfame.8.Aftertakingthelesson，Inowunderstandthedifficultyofcalligraphyandthatitwilltakeeffortsandcommitment

(master)thisartform.層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練Havingsufferedabsorbedassociatedtomaster9.Inrecentyears，biangbiangnoodlesanditsassociatedcustomhavebecomemorewidelyknownacrossChina，

(drive)inpartbysocialmediainterestinthemade-up“biang”character.10.Gettingupearlyinthemorning，

(put)onwarmclothesandwaitinginalonglineoutsideastoretobuynewly-madeyuanxiaoisaceremonyformeandensuresIwillhaveanothersweetyear.層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練drivenputting單句語(yǔ)法填空層級(jí)二高考真題練1.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins，___________(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle，however，isaseriousmessage_________(intend)foreveryone.(2023·全國(guó)甲)borrowingintended2.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums，narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces，itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout，withthecitykeepingitscarefully

(build)systemofringroads.(2023·全國(guó)乙)3.

(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years，Iamamazedbytheco-existenceofoldandnew，andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer，Ihavespentthelasttwoyears

(record)everythingIdiscovered.(2023·全國(guó)乙)層級(jí)二高考真題練builtHavingvisitedrecording4.ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplans

(continue)thepractice.(2022·浙江1月)5.Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an，asafirststep

(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.(2022·全國(guó)甲)6.InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation_____(hold)inBeijing，Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.(2022·全國(guó)甲)層級(jí)二高考真題練tocontinuetojourneyheld7.Heflew4,700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20，_________

(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2022·全國(guó)甲)8.

(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople，theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia，_________(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.(2022·全國(guó)乙)層級(jí)二高考真題練planningTostrengtheninviting9.

(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark，theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ)10.Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony，andclimbedup

(see)them.(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)層級(jí)二高考真題練Coveringtosee語(yǔ)法填空層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練1.

(go)toMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumans2.

(be).Goingare語(yǔ)篇解讀本文講述了作者爬黃山的見(jiàn)聞和感受。1.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，本空為主語(yǔ)且表示主動(dòng)的、一般性的動(dòng)作，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作主語(yǔ)。2.考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)wehumans是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用are。層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwillundoubtedlyhelpyouget3.

(refresh)!The4.

(amaze)thingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperature5.

(get)，thehotterthespring!Strange，isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus6.

(astonish).refreshedamazinggetsastonished3.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)。getrefreshed構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。4.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。修飾thing表示“令人驚奇的”，故用-ing形式作定語(yǔ)。5.考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句意以及上下文時(shí)態(tài)可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)thetemperature為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填gets。6.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)。本空在“l(fā)eave＋復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ)，且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，這里指的是使我們“感到驚訝”，故填astonished。層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelp7.__________(wonder)howharditwasforthepeoplethen8.

(put)allthoserocksintoplace.Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain，stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour9.

(ache)legs.won