【2024年一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷】第二模擬（新高考七省卷）（解析版）

第二模擬（新高考七省卷）2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷（解析版）注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．（2023·廣東·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Fatheranddaughter. B．Motherandson. C．Husbandandwife.【答案】C【原文】M:Canyoutellmewhatthiswordis?W:Letmetakealook!Thesewordsarebeingprintedsmallerandsmaller,aren’tthey?M:Absolutelyright.Icanhardlygetthroughthisnewspaper.Honey,wherearemyglasses?W:Ourdaughterputtheminthestudybeforeshewenttowork.2．（2023·廣東·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wheredoesthesmellprobablycomefrom?A．Thekitchen. B．Thebedroom. C．Thelivingroom.【答案】A【原文】M:Darling,Ismellsomethingburning.W:Oh,dear.Iforgottoturnoffthegas.M:We’reluckythatyoudidn’tsetthewholehouseonfire.W:Iknow!Iwascookingwhenthetelephoneinthelivingroomrang.3．（2023·福建泉州·福建省德化第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考一模）Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Theroadconditions. B．Adrivingexperience. C．Acaraccident.【答案】B【原文】M:I’mgladwe’resafe.W:Yeah,itwasterrifying.Theroadwassonarrowaswewentupandeveryoneseemedtobedrivingsofastaswecamedown.I’msurprisedtherewerenoaccidents.4．（2023·福建泉州·福建省德化第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考一模）Whatwasdamagedinthestorm?A．Thecar. B．Theroof. C．Awindow.【答案】C【原文】M:Wasyourroofallrightafterthestorm?Isawaworkmantheretoday.W:Thatwasn’taproblem.Theworkmanwasputtingsomenewglassinanupstairswindow.Itwasbrokenbyatreebranch.Luckilyitdidn’tdamagemycar.5．（2023·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wheremightthewomanbe?A．Inacar. B．Inaboat. C．Inaspacecraft.【答案】C【原文】W:Fueltank…full.Oxygentanks…full.Crewmembersinposition.Allsystemsreadytogo.Waitingonconfirmationforlaunch.M:OK,Voyager3,youareclearforlift-off.Irepeat.Youareclearforlift-off.Launchwillbeginin10,9,8,7…第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你將時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。（2023·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．WhatisbotheringJamie?A．Hisclothing. B．Hiscar. C．Hissister.7．WhatwillJamiedonext?A．Gotosleep. B．Drivefaster. C．Dosomereading.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】M:Willwebehomesoon?W:Westillhaveanhourleft,Jamie.Iknowthecarishot,butthereisnothingIcandoaboutit.Yoursisterisn’tcomplainingaboutit.M:That’sbecauseMegisasleep.Besides,I’mnotcomplaining.Thisshirtisjustreallyuncomfortable.IjustwantedtoknowhowlongIhadtowearit.W:Well,I’mnotgoingtodriveanyfaster.Whydon’tyoujusttrytogotosleeplikeyoursister?M:I’mnottiredatall.Iwilljusttrytoreadthroughthisarticle.W:OK.Butstopifyoufeelsick.（2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Wherewasthewomanonthe19thofNovember?A．Atschool. B．Ataparty. C．Atanartshow.9．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Friends. B．Parentandchild. C．Teacherandstudent.【答案】8．B9．A【原文】W:Ididn’tseeyouatJing’spartyinNovember.M:Onthe19th?IwasatArtHongKongthatday.W:What’sthat?M:Itwasamodernartexhibitionlastingfourdays.OurschoolwasinvitedtoentertheXilingCup,apaintingcompetitionforyoungpeople.Myworkwasoneofthe80pieceschosen.So,myparentstookmetoseeit!W:Wow!M:Itwassocool.Buttherestoftheexhibitionwasamazingtoo.Thethemewas“TraditionandModernity”,andtherewereartclasses,lecturesandforums.Itreallyinspiredme.（2023·福建·高三永春第一中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatdoweknowaboutthismannedflightmission?A．Ithasthelongeststayingtime.B．Itisthehardesttooperate.C．Ittravelsatthefastestspeed.11．WhatdoTaikonautsdotopassthetime?A．Playcards. B．Playtennis. C．Playinstruments.12．Whatdoesthewoman’sfinalwordsmean?A．Womenarelesssuitableinthismission.B．Womenareasexcellentasmen.C．Womenundertakemorethanmendo.【答案】10．A11．C12．B【原文】W:Hey,areyouwatchingavideooftheChinesespacestation?Shenzhou-12,right?M:Close.Shenzhou-13.W:It’shardtokeepupwithChinaspeed!Sohowlongaretheyinorbitthistime?M:Sixmonths,thelongeststayofanysinglemannedfightmissioninChina’shistory.W:Sodoyouwatchthemconductexperimentsorspacewalksorwhat?M:Prettymuch.Theyevengivelessonsinthespacestation!W:IwonderwhattheTaikonautsdotopassthetimeupthere?M:Theygoforjogsplaymusicalinstruments,andevenplayping-pong.W:Zero-gravityping-pong!Igottatrythat!Who’sthatladyfloatingby?M:That’sWangYaping.She’sbecomesomewhatofacelebritydownhereonearth.W:Well,womenholduphalfthesky,soit’sonlyfittingthattheyshouldworkinittoo.（2023·浙江杭州·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Howdidthemannoticetheproblemfirst?A．Hisbankcalledhim. B．Hisbillshowedhim. C．Hiscreditcardwasstolen.14．Whatdidthebankdotofixtheproblem?A．Theygavethemanhismoneybackatonce.B．Theydecidedtotalktothebank’sowner.C．Theyaskedthemantoprovidetheevidence.15．Whatmighthavecausedtheproblemaccordingtotheman?A．Onlineshopping. B．Overduedebt. C．Unskilledoperation.16．Whatdothetwospeakersmainlytalkabout?A．Informationsafety. B．Shoppinghabits. C．Moneymanagement.【答案】13．B14．C15．A16．A【原文】M:Ican’tbelievethis.Ihavebeenonthephonewithmybankalldayandtheystillhaven’tfixedmyproblem.W:Isitacreditcardproblem?M:Yes.Mycreditcardinformationwasstolen.WhenIgotmybillinthemail,Isawthereweremanyunfamiliarpurchasesonit.W:That’sterrible.Didtheytakealotofmoney?M:Yes,andIamveryupsetbecausethebankisnothelpingmequickly.Ihavetalkedtomanydifferentmanagersalready.W:Doesn’tthebank’sownerneedtomakethedecisiontogiveyouyourmoneyback?M:No.Ijusthavetoprovethatthesepurchaseswerenotmadebyme.W:Ihopeyoucanfixthisproblemsoon.Somethingsimilarhappenedtomyhusband’smotherrecently.Shewastrickedintogivingawaysomeimportantinformationoverthephone.M:IthinkthepersonwhostolemyinformationgotitfromtheInternet.Iboughtacollectionofmoviesrecently.Iwon’tbedoingthatagainunlessthewebsiteissuretobesafe.It’shonestlymyfaultforbeingcareless.W:Youcanneverbetoocareful.Well,yourproblemisinspiringmetolookintoprotectingmyaccountbetter.IthinkIcanpaymybankmoretohelpme.（2023·江蘇·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．WhatisthereasonforChatGPTtobecomepopular?A．Itisfreetouse.B．Ithelpspeoplelearnquickly.C．Itanswerspeopleinasimplestyle.18．WhendidChatGPTcomeout?A．InNovember2022. B．InDecember2022. C．InFebruary2023.19．WhathasChatGPTbeenusedtodo?A．Findnewsources. B．Writefilms. C．Buildmachines.20．WhydoesChatGPTneedalargeamountofdata?A．Tocreatebettertools.B．Toknowhumansbetter.C．Toreplaceitsoldsystem.【答案】17．C18．A19．B20．B【原文】Recently,anAIpoweredchatbotcalledChatGPThasdrawnlotsofattention.Itbecomespopularbecauseitisabletounderstandhumanlanguageandrespondinasimplestyle.Itcananswerquestions,takepartindiscussions,andevenprovidehelpfulsuggestions.SinceitcameoutonNovember30th,2022,ChatGPThasbeenusedtowritebooks,essaysandfilms.Ithasalsobeenabletowritecomputercodeforwebsites.ChatGPTwascreatedtohelppeoplebettercommunicatewithmachinesandtomakeiteasiertogetinformationquickly.ChatGPTworksbytakinginlargeamountsoftextdatafromavarietyofsources.ThisallowsthesystemtolearnhowlanguageworksandhowtounderstandhumansbetterthananyotherAIsystem.Itcancreatesuitableresponsesbasedonaperson’sneeds.Allinall,ChatGPTisapowerfultoolthatwillmakeiteasierforpeopletocommunicatewithmachinesandrobots.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2023·浙江麗水·校聯(lián)考三模）TheLondonBookFairTimeandLocationTheLondonBookFairwilltakeplace18—20June,2023,OlympiaLondon.Children’s&YoungAdultOurChildren’s&YoungAdultsectiontraditionallywelcomestheleadingnamesinthefieldtoexhibit.Thesecompaniesenjoynoisypassagewaysfullofvisitorsandbenefitfromtheopportunitytoincreasebrandawareness.However,anychildrenunder16arenotallowedtobeatTheLondonBookFair.Authors&Self-PublishingAuthorHQ,whichconsistsofatheatreandnetworkingarea,isoneofourmostpopularfeatures,attractinggreatinterestfromtheself-publishingcommunity.Meanwhile,ourAuthoroftheDayprogrammehelpsbringwritersface-to-facewithbestsellingauthorswhowillsharetheirjourneytopublicationduringaspecialseriesoftalksatthefair.TechnologyandPublishingSolutionsAllthenewwaystotreatcontentarefoundintheTechareaatLBF,locatedintheNationalGalleryofOlympia.Whetheritisanapp,game,mobiledevelopmentorenhancedeBook—oradevelopmentnotyetlaunched—theTechareaisitshome.Tokeepthecreativityflowing,thereisadedicatedBuzzBarintheheartoftheTechareaforthoseall-importantnetworkingmeetings.BAMembersBAMembersattendthefairforFREEandreceiveanumberofkeybenefits,makingthefairamoreaccessible,cost-effectiveandhighlyrelevanteventforbooksellers.SimplyclickheretofindoutmoreaboutbecomingaBAmemberandtakeadvantageofthisoffer.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherdifficulties,pleasecontactourCustomerServicesteamwhowillbehappytohelp.21．WhowillbewelcomedbytheLondonBookFair?A．Amotherwithakid. B．Agreenhandwriter.C．Aprimaryschoolstudent. D．AvisitorgettingtoLondoninJuly.22．Whatshouldwedotogainmorebenefitsonthefair?A．ApplyforBAmembers. B．Attendnetworkingmeetings.C．Increasebrandawareness. D．ContactCustomerServicesteam.23．Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atextbook.B．Anewspaper.C．Awebsite.D．Afashionmagazine.【答案】21．B22．A23．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了倫敦書展的時(shí)間地點(diǎn)、面向?qū)ο?、技術(shù)和出版解決服務(wù)等信息。21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Authors&Self-Publishing部分中“Meanwhile,ourAuthoroftheDayprogrammehelpsbringwritersface-to-facewithbestsellingauthorswhowillsharetheirjourneytopublicationduringaspecialseriesoftalksatthefair.（與此同時(shí)，我們的“當(dāng)天的作者”計(jì)劃幫助作家們與暢銷書作家面對(duì)面交流，他們將在展會(huì)上的一系列特別講座中分享他們的出版之旅。）”可知，倫敦書展安排了“當(dāng)天的作者”計(jì)劃，給予作家與暢銷書作家面對(duì)面交流的機(jī)會(huì)。由此推知，該書展歡迎作家參與，一個(gè)新手作家會(huì)受到歡迎。故選B項(xiàng)。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BAMembers部分中“BAMembersattendthefairforFREEandreceiveanumberofkeybenefits,makingthefairamoreaccessible,cost-effectiveandhighlyrelevanteventforbooksellers.（BA會(huì)員可免費(fèi)參加展覽會(huì)，并可享受多項(xiàng)好處，使展覽會(huì)成為一個(gè)對(duì)書商來說更方便、更具成本效益和高度相關(guān)的活動(dòng)。）”可知，申請(qǐng)成為BA會(huì)員可以在書展上獲得更多好處。故選A項(xiàng)。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)BAMembers部分中“SimplyclickheretofindoutmoreaboutbecomingaBAmemberandtakeadvantageofthisoffer.（只需點(diǎn)擊這里了解更多關(guān)于成為BA會(huì)員的信息，并利用此優(yōu)惠。）”可知，文章含有可以點(diǎn)擊的鏈接，因此應(yīng)該出自網(wǎng)頁。故選C項(xiàng)。B（2023·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江中學(xué)?？既＃㎎oseAlbertoGutierrez'slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindingacopyofAnnaKareninabyLeoTolstoyinthegarbage20yearsago.Ithappenedwhilehewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthroughwealthierneighborhoodsatnightandseeingdesertedbooks.Itsparkedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthegarbage.Hetookhomebetween50and60bookseverymorningafterhisnine-hourshift.Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.Colombia’scapitalcityofBogotahas13millionresidentsand19publiclibraries.However,theselibrariestendtobefarawayfromwhereruralandpoorercommunitieslive.Theoptionofbuyingnewbooksisnon-existentforfamiliesstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.HavingaccesstoalibraryofbooksandbeingtakenawaytoanotherworldwhileimmersedinabookisaluxuryforthekidswhovisitGutierrez'slibrary.Gutierrezgrewuppoor,andhisfamilycouldnotaffordtoeducatehimbeyondprimaryschool.Nevertheless,hismotherwasakeenreaderandreadstoriestohimeverynight.HerloveforbooksleftadeepimpressiononGutierrez,whoneverletalackofformaleducationstophimfromreadingclassicsbythelikesofVictorHugo,MarioVargasLlosaandGabrielGarciaMarquez.Today,hiscommunitylibrary,called“TheStrengthofWords“,occupiesmostofhishomeandispiledfromfloortoceilingwithfictionandnon-fictiontitles.Everythingfromschooltextbookstostorybookscanbefoundinhiscollectionofmorethan20,000books!TheStrengthofWordslibraryopenseveryweekend.Itisnotjustschool-goingchildrenwhoareenjoyingthebenefitsof

TheStrengthofWordslibrary.Adultsarealsowelcometoexpandtheirhorizonsanddevelopnewskillstobuildabetterlifeforthemselves.Despitehavingdonesomuchforhiscommunity,Gutierrezisnotyetcontenttocallitaday.HecontinuestosearchthroughbinsforreadingmaterialandhaseventravelledtobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosellhisideaofbuildinglibraryfromunwantedbooks.24．WhatinspiredGutierreztobuildthecommunitylibrary?A．Thedilemmahefacedonthenightshift.B．Thehobbyhehasstartedsincechildhood.C．Famousnovelistshelikedverymuch.D．Abandonedbookshecameacrossatwork.25．WhatcanwelearnaboutGutierrez'smother?A．Shewasbornintoapoorfamily.B．SheboughtGutierrezmanybooks.C．SheinfluencedGutierrezgreatly.D．SheenjoyedreadingHugo’sworks.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“callitaday”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Takethetime. B．Stopthework.C．Makeachange. D．Receiveareward.27．WhatdoesGutierrez'sstorytellus?A．Abookholdsahouseofgold.B．Constantdroppingwearsthestone.C．Goodthingscometothosewhowait.D．Oneman’strashisanotherman’streasure.【答案】24．D25．C26．B27．D【導(dǎo)語】本文為記敘文。文章講述了哥倫比亞環(huán)衛(wèi)工人古鐵雷斯將富人區(qū)被丟棄的書籍帶回家，把自己的家變成了一個(gè)面向社區(qū)開放的圖書館，為低收入家庭的孩子提供閱讀的機(jī)會(huì)的故事?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“JoseAlbertoGutierrez'slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindingacopyofAnnaKareninabyLeoTolstoyinthegarbage20yearsago.Ithappenedwhilehewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthroughwealthierneighborhoodsatnightandseeingdesertedbooks.Itsparkedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthegarbage.Hetookhomebetween50and60bookseverymorningafterhisnine-hourshift.Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.(20年前，何塞·阿爾貝托·古鐵雷斯在垃圾堆里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本列夫·托爾斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》，從此他的生活再也不一樣了。這件事發(fā)生在他晚上開著垃圾車經(jīng)過富裕社區(qū)時(shí)，看到了被遺棄的書。這激發(fā)了他開始從垃圾中拯救書籍的愿望。在9小時(shí)的輪班后，他每天早上帶回家50到60本書。最后，他把自己的藏書變成了一個(gè)社區(qū)圖書館。)”可知，環(huán)衛(wèi)工人古鐵雷斯20年前開著垃圾車經(jīng)過富人區(qū)時(shí)，在垃圾堆中發(fā)現(xiàn)了被丟棄的書，其中有一本是托爾斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》，從此以后他每天都帶一些被丟棄的書回家，最后把自己的家變成了一個(gè)面向社區(qū)開放的圖書館。因此可知，他在工作中偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)的廢棄書籍鼓舞他建立了這個(gè)社區(qū)圖書館。故選D。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Nevertheless,hismotherwasakeenreaderandreadstoriestohimeverynight.HerloveforbooksleftadeepimpressiononGutierrez.(然而，他的母親是一個(gè)熱心的讀者，每天晚上讀故事給他聽。她對(duì)書的熱愛給古鐵雷斯留下了深刻的印象)”可知，古鐵雷斯的母親酷愛讀書，每晚都會(huì)給他講故事。母親對(duì)書籍的喜愛給古鐵雷斯留下了深刻的印象，極大地影響了他，讓他也愛上了閱讀。故選C。3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“HecontinuestosearchthroughbinsforreadingmaterialandhaseventravelledtobookfairsinMexicoandChiletosellhisideaofbuildinglibraryfromunwantedbooks.(他繼續(xù)在垃圾箱里尋找閱讀材料，甚至前往墨西哥和智利的書展，推銷他用廢棄書籍建造圖書館的想法。)”可知，古鐵雷斯繼續(xù)搜羅更多的書，甚至還去到墨西哥和智利的書展兜售自己的想法，可見他并沒有就此停止他的公益行為。因此推斷callitaday意思是“到此為止；停止”。故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.(最后，他把自己的藏書變成了一個(gè)社區(qū)圖書館。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，因?yàn)楣盆F雷斯的善舉，使得原本被丟棄的書籍再次發(fā)揮它們的作用，成為了家庭貧困的孩子的寶貴財(cái)富。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中諺語的意思分別是：A.書中自有黃金屋；B.滴水穿石；C.好事多磨；D.變廢為寶?？梢奃選項(xiàng)最契合文章主題。故選D。C（2023·湖北·沙市中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D(two-dimensional)laser(激光)scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematicalmodelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR(virtualreality).TheyalsoworkedwithMIT’smusicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(隨機(jī))，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可視化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,”saidMITengineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthesestructuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN.“Spidersusevibrations(振動(dòng))asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandsotheideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwasveryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,”Buehlersaid.Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.“ThereasonwhyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichisveryweirdandmysterious,”Buehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaidthewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduringconstruction.“It’sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful.”hedescribed.28．WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.B．Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.C．Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.D．Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.29．Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?A．Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.B．ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.C．TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.D．Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.30．Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?A．virtualreality B．printingC．painting D．film-making31．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.B．Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.C．Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.D．Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.【答案】28．A29．D30．B31．C【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家最近的研究成果，將蜘蛛網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換成音樂，可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美國麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)把蜘蛛網(wǎng)變成了音樂——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。)”可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家把蜘蛛網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)換成音樂。故選A項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中MarkusBuehler所說“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(隨機(jī))，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可視化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails.(盡管蜘蛛網(wǎng)看起來很隨機(jī)，實(shí)際上有很多內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)，你可以想象他們，你可以觀察他們，但人類的想象力或人腦很難理解所有這些結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)節(jié)。)”可知，蜘蛛網(wǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，人類難以理解其構(gòu)造。故選D項(xiàng)。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.(蜘蛛可以在沒有架子或支撐的情況下織網(wǎng)，所以更好地了解它們是如何工作的，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致先進(jìn)的新型3D打印技術(shù)的發(fā)展。)”可知，研究蜘蛛如何結(jié)網(wǎng)有利于提升打印技術(shù)。故選B項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工學(xué)院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美國麻省理工學(xué)院的科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)把蜘蛛網(wǎng)變成了音樂——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造出一種奇怪的音樂，可以幫助他們更好地了解蜘蛛是如何輸出它們復(fù)雜的創(chuàng)造物，甚至它們是如何交流的。)”等內(nèi)容可知，本文提出了一種新的創(chuàng)造性的方法來研究蜘蛛。故選C項(xiàng)。D（2023·湖北·華中師大一附中?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Haveyouevertakenapersonalitytestandfoundtheresultstobescarilyaccurate,checkedyourhoroscope(星象學(xué))andhadeverythingcometrueortakenanonlinequizthattoldyoupreciselywhatyourfavoriteDisneyprincessmeansaboutyou?Well,wecertainlyhavedonesotoomanytimes,sowedecidedtodoalittleinvestigationintohowInternetquizzes,magazinesandhoroscopebooksseemtoknowussowell.Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.ItwasnamedafterP.T.Barnum,afamous19thcenturyshowman,whowouldfamouslysay,“There’safoolborneveryminute.”Indeed,Barnumprovedtoberight,aspseudoscience(偽科學(xué))—suchasastrologyandpersonalitytest—remainspopulartothisday.TheBarnumeffectexplainswhyextremelygeneralstatements,suchastheresultsofyourpersonalitytest,seemsospecifictoyou.Don’tbelieveus?Well,latepsychologyprofessorBertramForerofferedsomeproof.Inahistoricstudy,Forerconductedapersonalitytesttohisstudents.Forercopiedstatementssuchas“Youhaveagreatneedforotherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.”and“Youhaveatendencytobecriticalofyourself”fromthenewspaper’shoroscopecolumnandgaveatesttoeverystudent,Foreraskedhisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromonetofive,with“one”beingtheleastaccurateand“five”beingthemostaccurate.Theaverageratingwas4.26.TheuniversallyhighratingsfromstudentsonthepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnumeffect.Oneofthemostimportantfactorswhenreproducingthisstudyistokeepthestatementsasvagueaspossible,withamixofmostlypositiveandsomenegativecontent.Forexample,usingthephrase“attimes”makesforapowerfulBarnumEffect.See“Attimesyouareextrovertedandsociable,whileatothertimesyouareintrovertedandreserved”—whowouldnotagreewiththatstatement?So,keepinmindthatwearenotimmunetotheBarnumeffect.Takeeverythingyouhearwithseveralgrainsofsalt.32．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Topresentacontroversialopinion. B．Toprovideanexampleofanidea.C．Toofferasolutiontoaproblem. D．Todefinethemeaningofaterm.33．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．PotentialapplicationoftheBarnumeffect. B．FurtherexplanationoftheBarnumeffect.C．SupportingevidencefortheBarnumeffect. D．Areasonabledoubtoftheresearchprocess.34．Whydosomanypeoplebelievethestatementsinhoroscopeandpersonalitytests?A．Theyaresospecific. B．Theyareambiguous.C．Theyarepositive. D．Theyarebelievable.35．Howisthepassageorganized?A．Problem—solution. B．Cause—effect.C．Phenomenon—analysis. D．Claim—counterclaim.【答案】32．D33．C34．B35．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格測(cè)試等”這一現(xiàn)象并分析了其原因。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.ItwasnamedafterP.T.Barnum,afamous19thcenturyshowman,whowouldfamouslysay,“There’safoolborneveryminute.”(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們都成了巴納姆效應(yīng)的受害者。巴納姆效應(yīng)是一種現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為性格描述只適用于他們時(shí)，盡管事實(shí)上這些描述中充滿了適用于所有人的信息。它是以19世紀(jì)著名的表演家P.T.巴納姆的名字命名的，他有句名言：“每分鐘都有一個(gè)傻瓜出生。”)”可知，文章第二段主要解釋了巴納姆效應(yīng)的概念。由此推知，第二段的目的是給“巴納姆效應(yīng)”這一專業(yè)術(shù)語下定義。故選D項(xiàng)。33．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Don’tbelieveus?Well,latepsychologyprofessorBertramForerofferedsomeproof.(不相信我們？嗯，已故的心理學(xué)教授BertramForer提供了一些證據(jù))”和第四段“Inahistoricstudy,Forerconductedapersonalitytesttohisstudents.Forercopiedstatementssuchas“Youhaveagreatneedforotherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.”and“Youhaveatendencytobecriticalofyourself”fromthenewspaper’shoroscopecolumnandgaveatesttoeverystudent,Foreraskedhisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromonetofive,with“one”beingtheleastaccurateand“five”beingthemostaccurate.Theaverageratingwas4.26.TheuniversallyhighratingsfromstudentsonthepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnumeffect.(在一項(xiàng)歷史研究中，弗萊爾對(duì)他的學(xué)生進(jìn)行了性格測(cè)試。永遠(yuǎn)復(fù)制這樣的話：“你非常需要?jiǎng)e人喜歡和欽佩你?！焙汀澳阌刑籼拮约旱膬A向”，然后給每個(gè)學(xué)生做了一個(gè)測(cè)試，讓他的學(xué)生給測(cè)試的準(zhǔn)確性打分，從1到5，“1”是最不準(zhǔn)確的，“5”是最準(zhǔn)確的。平均評(píng)分為4.26分。學(xué)生們?cè)谛愿駵y(cè)試中普遍獲得的高分支持了巴納姆效應(yīng))”可知，文章第四段通過Forer對(duì)學(xué)生的性格測(cè)試，為巴納姆效應(yīng)提供論據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們都成了巴納姆效應(yīng)的受害者。巴納姆效應(yīng)是一種現(xiàn)象，當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為性格描述只適用于他們時(shí)，盡管事實(shí)上這些描述中充滿了適用于所有人的信息)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Oneofthemostimportantfactorswhenreproducingthisstudyistokeepthestatementsasvagueaspossible,withamixofmostlypositiveandsomenegativecontent.(在復(fù)制這項(xiàng)研究時(shí)，最重要的因素之一是讓陳述盡可能模糊，主要是積極的內(nèi)容和一些消極的內(nèi)容)”可推知，很多人相信占卜和性格描述，是因?yàn)檫@些描述中充滿了適用于所有人的信息，也就是說這些描述其實(shí)是很模棱兩可的。故選B項(xiàng)。35．推理判斷題。閱讀文章可知，文章第一段提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格測(cè)試等”這一現(xiàn)象，而后面幾個(gè)段落都在分析其原因。由此可知，本文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)為“現(xiàn)象——分析”。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2023·福建泉州·福建省德化第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考一模）ThedayswhenartwasanOlympicsportDidyouknowthatcreatingworksofartusedtobeanOlympiccompetition?36Inthefirstyear,WalterWinansbecamethefirstandtheonlyOlympiantowinmedalsforbothartandsports.Despitethisseeminglyoptimisticstart,theideaoftheartsbeingincludedintheOlympicGamessoonmetwithdisinterest,finallyresultingintheremovaloftheartcompetitionfromtheOlympicGames.37TheideatoincludeartintheOlympicscamefromBaronPierredeCoubertin,whowasthefounderoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee,whichcreatedthemodernOlympics.Coubertinbelievedthattheartsandsportswerelinkedandwasimpressedbyanyonewhohadafirmcommandofbothasportandanartisticdiscipline(項(xiàng)目).Whyaren’ttheartsincludedintheOlympicstoday?Forstarters,onlyamateurswereallowedtocompeteintheartspartoftheOlympics.38Havingartistsofaveragequalitycompetingwhileonlythemostcompetentathleteswereallowedtocompetecreatedadramaticdivideandgavetheimpressionthattheartswerenotasimportantassports.Secondly,worksofartcreatedhadtohavesportsasthesubjectmatter.39LimitingthesubjectsalsocontributedtomakingtheartspartoftheOlympicGamesboringtothegeneralpublic.Finally,oneofthebiggestreasonswasthattheartsaresubjective.Sportscanbejudgedbytimeanddistance,makingiteasytodeterminewhoisthewinner.40Thisdifficultyinjudgingade