2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse教師用書教案外研版選修8

PAGE14-Module5TheConquestoftheUniverse(主題語境——人與自然之宇宙探究：地球與宇宙奇妙探究)1．planetn.行星2．universen.宇宙3．globen.地球儀，地球4．gravityn.重力，萬有引力5．orbitn.運(yùn)行軌道6．a(chǎn)tmospheren.大氣層，大氣7．a(chǎn)stronomyn.天文學(xué)→astronomern.天文學(xué)家8．foreseev.預(yù)知；預(yù)見9．a(chǎn)stronautn.宇航員10．telescopen.望遠(yuǎn)鏡11．spacen.太空12．rocketn.火箭13．explorev.探究→explorationn.探究14．spacecraftn.太空飛船15．trackv.追蹤16．missionn.安排17．spacewalkn.太空行走18．vacuumn.真空；空白19．monitorvt.監(jiān)測；監(jiān)控20．shuttlen.航天飛機(jī)1．a(chǎn)rtificialsatellite人造衛(wèi)星2．MilkyWay銀河3．blackhole黑洞4．solarsystem太陽系5．mannedspaceship載人飛船6．BigBang宇宙大爆炸7．spacestation太空站；空間站8．spaceexploration太空探究9．theouterspace外太空10．mannedspaceship/spacecraft載人飛船11．cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)12．conductanexperiment進(jìn)行試驗13．inthelongrun從長遠(yuǎn)來看14．returntotheearth返回地球15．escapethepulloftheearth'sgravity逃離地球的引力1．Ihavelongbeeninterestedinspaceexploration.長期以來，我始終對太空探究感愛好。2．Thejourneytoouterspaceandotherplanetsisnotadreamanymore.去外太空和其他星球的旅行不再是個夢。3．Thereisnodoubtthatwebenefitalotfromthescientificadvancementsinmanydifferentways.毫無疑問，我們在很多不同的方面受益于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步。

單詞巧練寫準(zhǔn)并記牢高考與教材Ⅰ.識記單詞(一)會其形1．witnessv.目擊，親眼望見；親身經(jīng)驗2．burstv.爆炸3.viewv.看，視察4．decaden.十年5.deedn.行為6．sorrown.哀痛；哀思7.accusev.指責(zé)8．a(chǎn)ccustomedadj.習(xí)慣的9.acknowledgev.承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為10．foreseev.預(yù)知；預(yù)見11.impactn.影響，作用12．broadadj.豐富的；廣泛的(二)知其意1．randomadj.隨意的；隨機(jī)的2.tensionn.驚慌關(guān)系3．a(chǎn)utonomousadj.自治的；有自治權(quán)的4．defeatn.失敗5．a(chǎn)idn.幫助6.gloryn.光榮；榮譽(yù)7．a(chǎn)bstractadj.抽象的8.consistentadj.一樣的；吻合的9．deliberatelyadv.蓄意地，有意地10．prayv.禱告；祈禱11.swearv.起誓保證12．a(chǎn)cuteadj.猛烈的；激烈的13.dignityn.尊貴；尊嚴(yán)14．a(chǎn)uthorityn.權(quán)力；權(quán)威15.graspn.理解16．scholarn.學(xué)者17.faithn.信任；信念；信念Ⅱ.拓展單詞1．reliefn.勸慰；寬慰→relievev.勸慰；寬慰2．sympathyn.憐憫；憐憫心→sympatheticadj.憐憫的；有憐憫心的3．stableadj.穩(wěn)定的；安定的→stabilityn.穩(wěn)定；安定4．consultv.詢問；請教→consultantn.顧問5．dramaticadj.給人深刻印象的；戲劇性的→draman.戲劇6．observationn.視察；監(jiān)視→observev.視察；觀測；遵守7．a(chǎn)ssumev.假定，假設(shè)→assumptionn.假定，假設(shè)8．patiencen.耐性→patientadj.耐性的n.病人→patientlyadv.耐性地9．dependv.依靠；取決于→dependentadj.依靠的→dependencen.依靠，依靠→independencen.獨(dú)立；獨(dú)立10．a(chǎn)dvancedadj.高級的，先進(jìn)的→advancev．&n.前進(jìn)；進(jìn)步；進(jìn)展11．devotionn.忠誠→devotev.致力→devotedadj.忠誠的12．invasionn.入侵→invadev.侵略，侵占→invadern.侵略者13．commitmentn.忠誠；奉獻(xiàn)→commitv.保證；承諾，忠于；投入；犯(罪)1.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofrelief(relieve)whentheseasoncomestoaclose.2．(2012·全國卷Ⅰ)Meanwhile,Ifoundoutthatwithmorepatience(patient)Icouldmakemytoyslast.3．(2024·天津卷)Tomissoindependent(dependent)thatheneveraskshisparents'opinionunlesshewantstheirsupport.4．(2024·江蘇卷)Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumption(assume)thattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors'centers.5．(2024·江蘇卷)Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatients(patient)incasetheyneedmedicalassistance.6．(2024·北京卷)Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependent(depend)onteammates.7．(2024·江蘇卷)Itwouldbedifficultforthedevelopedcountriestomaintainthestability(stable)ofpopulation.8．(2024·天津卷)Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation(observe)．9．(2024·天津卷)I'ma34-year-oldman,married,liveinanicehouse,andhaveasuccessfulcareerasaneducationalconsultant(consult)．10．(2024·北京卷)Thankstotheadvanced(advance)technology,weliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.11．(2024·安徽卷)Suchistheirdevotion(devote)tothecommongoodofthecolonythatnotonlysoldierantsbutalsoworkerantswillsacrificetheirlivestohelpdefeatanenemy.1．與“學(xué)習(xí)”相關(guān)的詞匯合錦①graspvt.理解；領(lǐng)悟②attendvt.參與；上學(xué)③concentratevi.集中(精力)④reviewvi.復(fù)習(xí)功課⑤acquirevt.獲得；得到⑥absorbvt.汲??；理解⑦mastervt.精通；駕馭2．“哀痛”一族來聚會①sorrown.哀痛；哀思②sadadj.難受的③sadnessn.哀痛④griefn.哀思；悲傷⑤miserableadj.凄慘的⑥heartbrokenadj.心碎的⑦mournfuladj.哀痛的3．“人物特點(diǎn)”的形容詞全掃描①devoted忠實(shí)的②generous慷慨的③mean吝嗇的④easygoing隨和的⑤warm-hearted熱心腸的⑥energetic有活力的⑦enthusiastic充溢熱忱的短語巧練寫準(zhǔn)并記牢高考與教材1.in_spite_of不管，盡管，不顧2．a(chǎn)t_the_very_beginning_of在……一起先的時候3．a(chǎn)_series_of一系列的；一連串的4．a(chǎn)ccuse_sb._of_doing_sth.指責(zé)某人某事5．pray_for祈望；祈求6．be_similar_to與……相像的7．set_out起先做；著手進(jìn)行；陳述8．in_relief欣慰地9．break_out爆發(fā)10．make/have_an_impact_on對……有影響1.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhas_an_impact_oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.2．(2024·江蘇卷)Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopeneda_series_ofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.3．(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Wecanset_outearlysothatwe'llhavemoretimetoreadandselectbooks.4．(2024·天津卷)Inaddition,theclimatehereisverysimilar_tothatintheUSA,sothereisnoneedforyoutoworryaboutit.1．不行“不管；不顧”①inspiteof盡管；不管②despite盡管；不管③regardlessof不管；不顧④nomatter不管，無論⑤leavealone不管；不理2．無被動語態(tài)短語多總結(jié)①breakout爆發(fā)②belongto屬于③consistof由……組成④cometrue變成現(xiàn)實(shí)⑤takeplace發(fā)生3．聚焦“對……有影響”短語①make/haveanimpacton②haveaneffecton③haveinfluenceon/upon④impacton/upon⑤makeadifferenceto句式仿寫寫準(zhǔn)并記牢高考與教材1.“no＋比較級＋than”表示“同……一樣不”Theworldwasinshock—maybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.全世界都震驚了——或許他們原本都認(rèn)為這次太空飛行跟乘坐飛機(jī)一樣沒什么危急。2．否定詞前置引起的部分倒裝...littledidheknowwhatimpacthewasgoingtomake.……他根本不知道他將要造成多大的轟動。3．a(chǎn)s/though前置引起的部分倒裝Incredibleasitmayseem,boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthat...盡管看起來不行思議，但科學(xué)觀測以及我們?nèi)庋劭吹降淖C據(jù)都必定會讓我們做出一個設(shè)想……1.(2024·江蘇卷)人類的孩子在物理世界的測試中并不比黑猩猩好。Thehumanchildrendidno_better_thanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtests.2．(2024·浙江卷)她幾乎不能想象她丈夫會乘直升機(jī)找她。Hardlycan_she_imaginethatherhusbandsearchesforherbyhelicopter.3．(2024·浙江卷)盡管累得乏累不堪，她還是設(shè)法用她的黃色襯衫做了一面旗幟。Tired_and_exhausted_as_she_was,_shemanagedtomakeaflagwithheryellowblouse.高頻詞匯精講1．a(chǎn)ccustomedadj.習(xí)慣的；通常的；慣常的EversinceNeilArmstrongfirstsetfootontheMoonbackon21stJuly,1969,peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtotheideaofspacetravel.自從尼爾·阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以來，人們對太空旅行這一概念已經(jīng)特別熟識。(1)beaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事(2)accustomvt.使習(xí)慣于accustomoneself/sb.to(doing)sth.使自己/某人習(xí)慣于(做)某事(1)單句語法填空①Thestudentsquicklyaccustomedthemselves(they)tothenewtimetable,whichexcitedtheteachers.②Accustomed(accustom)tolivinginthecountryside,Ifoundithardtoliveinthecity.(2)一句多譯我花了很長時間才適應(yīng)了全部新的規(guī)章制度?！鶬ttookmealongtimetoaccustom_myself_toallthenewrulesandregulations.(accustomv．)→Ittookmealongtimetobe_accustomed_toallthenewrulesandregulations.(accustomedadj.)2．a(chǎn)ssumev．假定，假設(shè)；擔(dān)當(dāng)，擔(dān)當(dāng)；呈現(xiàn)Theworldwasinshock—maybetheyassumedthisspaceflightwouldbenomoredangerousthangettingonanaeroplane.全世界都震驚了——或許他們原本都認(rèn)為這次太空飛行跟乘坐飛機(jī)一樣沒有什么危急。(1)assumethat假定，認(rèn)為……assumesb./sth.tobe假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為……assuming(that)假定……(作狀語)Itis/wasgenerallyassumedthat...普遍認(rèn)為……(2)assumedadj.假裝的，假的(3)assumptionn.假想ontheassumptionthat...假定……，假設(shè)……[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]assumingthat...相當(dāng)于一個表示“假設(shè)”的條件狀語從句。類似的詞還有provided,providing,supposing等。(1)單句語法填空①Assuming(assume)thatheisn'tthatlucky,whatshallwedotocomforthim?②Weareworkingontheassumption(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnup.③Itisassumedthatglobalwarmingandclimatechangecancauseevenmoredisastersinthefuture.④Letusassumethetheoryto_be(be)true.(2)完成句子It_is_generally_assumed_thatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.普遍認(rèn)為，壓力是工作過重所致。3．a(chǎn)cknowledgev．承認(rèn)；認(rèn)為；告知收到(信件、禮物等)；答謝Itisnowacknowledgedbythemovieindustryasthemostsuccessfulfilmseriesever.現(xiàn)在它被電影界公認(rèn)為是迄今為止最勝利的電影系列片。(1)acknowledgesb/sthtobe/as...認(rèn)為某人/物是……；承認(rèn)某人/物是……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth.承認(rèn)做(過)某事Itisuniversally/widelyacknowledgedthat...……是大家公認(rèn)的(2)acknowledgementn.承認(rèn)；感謝(1)寫出下列句中acknowledge的含義①Animportantstepisacknowledgingourshortcomings.承認(rèn)②Thecandidatewavedhishandstoacknowledgethecheersofthecrowd.答謝③Thearmysentmeapostcardacknowledgingmyrequest.告知收到④Thethiefacknowledgedstealingawatchfromthestore.承認(rèn)(2)單句語法填空①Thecountryhasacknowledgedtaking/having_taken(take)everymeanstofightagainstanypossibleattack.②Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatpeoplecannotsucceedorachievetheirtargetswithoutastrongwillandpersistence.③ProfessorHawkingisacknowledgedas/to_beoneoftheworld'sgreatestphysicists.4．a(chǎn)ccusevt.指責(zé)；指責(zé)；控告HeaccusesDarthVaderofkillinghisfather,sohetrainstobecomeaJediknightandswearstoavengehisloss.他指控達(dá)斯·維德殺死了自己的父親，因此他把自己訓(xùn)練成為一名杰迪武士并發(fā)誓要為自己的損失報仇。(1)accusesb.of(doing)sth.＝chargesb.with(doing)sth.因(做)某事而控告/指控/指責(zé)某人beaccusedof...被指控……(2)theaccused被告accusern.原告，控訴人[聯(lián)想發(fā)散]“動詞＋sb.＋ofsth.”結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有：curesb.ofsth.治好某人的病，改掉某人的壞習(xí)慣；informsb.ofsth.通知某人某狀況(事)；remindsb.ofsth.使某人想起某狀況(事)；robsb.ofsth.搶劫某人的某東西；warnsb.ofsth.警告某人有某狀況。(1)單句語法填空①Twowomenhavebeenaccusedofkidnappinganewbornbaby.②Theaccused(accuse)wasdeclaredtobeinnocentbythecourtforlackofproof.(2)一句多譯她被控玩忽職守?！鶶hewas_accused_ofneglectingmyduty.→Shewas_charged_withneglectingmyduty.5．consultv．商議，磋商；詢問；請教；查閱；顧及ManytrueTaoistmasterseventuallybecomesupremebeings,similartoObi-WanandYodawhoLuke,astheirscholar,consultsfortheirteachingandadvice.很多真正的道教大師最終成為舉足輕重的人物，就像歐比旺和尤達(dá)，作為他們的學(xué)生，盧克曾向他們請教學(xué)問和詢問建議。(1)consultsb.foradvice請教某人的建議consultsb.aboutsth.就某事向某人請教/詢問consultwithsb.aboutsth.就某事與某人商議/磋商consultadoctor＝seeadoctor看醫(yī)生consultamap/abook/adictionary查看地圖/查閱書籍/查詞典(2)consultantn.顧問(1)單句語法填空①Whydidn'tyouconsultwithmeaboutsuchanimportantmatter?②BythetimeIarrivedattheward,myconsultant(consult)wasalreadythere.(2)完成句子①I'mnotquitesurehowtogetthere—I'dbetterconsult_a_map.我不能確定怎么去那兒——我最好查一下地圖。②Everybodylikestoconsult_with_him_about_their_problems,_largeorsmall.大家都情愿找他商議他們的困難，不論大事或者小事。6．setout起先做；著手進(jìn)行；準(zhǔn)備；有意；陳述DidOrsonWellesdeliberatelysetouttoterrifythenation?莫非奧森·韋爾斯是蓄意恐嚇國人嗎？setout(todosth.)動身；起先(做某事)setabout(doingsth.)著手(做某事)setaside儲存；留出；把……放在一邊setdown寫下，登記setoff動身，引爆，引起setup建立單句語法填空①LittleTomandhisfathersetoffforAmericalastweek.②ThefilmwassetinatownwhichisnowpartofJiangsu③Atfiveinthemorningshesetoutto_prepare(prepare)breakfastforherfamily.④Somedoctorsadviseweshouldtrytosetasidesometimeeachdayforexercise.⑤Aftersupper,Marysetaboutputting(put)awaythechopsticksandbowls.重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥1．witnessn．目擊者，見證人v．見證；當(dāng)場看到，目擊(尤指罪行或事故)；作證寫出下列句中witness的含義①Policehaveappealedforwitnessestotheaccident.目擊者，見證人②ThetwostonelionsstandinginfrontofTian'anmenwitnessedmanygreathistoricevents.見證③Hewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.作證2．a(chǎn)dvancedadj.高級的，先進(jìn)的選詞填空(advanced，advance)①Havingshownyouaroundourschool,Iwillintroduceourmostadvancedsciencelabtoyou.②Iwouldliketowarnyouinadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.3．viewv．看，視察；考慮，認(rèn)為n．景色；視野；看法，見解寫出下列句中view的含義①Inmyview,it'snotrighttosmokeinpublic.看法，見解②Asthecarapproachedthetowncenter,severaltallbuildingscameintoview.視野③Heisviewedasourmostimportantbusinesspartner.認(rèn)為④Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.風(fēng)景典型句式精析as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Incredibleasitmayseem，boththeobservationsofscienceandtheevidenceofoureyesleadtotheinescapableassumptionthatthosestrangebeingswholandedintheNewJerseyfarmlandstonightarethevanguardofaninvadingarmyfromtheplanetMars.盡管看起來不行思議，但科學(xué)觀測以及我們?nèi)庋劭吹降淖C據(jù)都必定會讓我們做出一個設(shè)想，那就是今晚著陸在新澤西農(nóng)場的怪物就是來自火星入侵部隊的先導(dǎo)。(1)本句中Incredibleasitmayseem相當(dāng)于although/thoughitmayseemincredible。as“盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，此時常將表語、狀語或部分謂語提到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。(2)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的常見形式：·單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as＋主語＋be＋其他成分·形容詞＋as＋主語＋be＋其他成分·副詞＋as＋主語＋謂語動詞＋其他成分·動詞原形＋as＋主語＋助動詞/情態(tài)動詞＋其他成分用as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句完成句子①Child_as_he_is,_helikestobetreatedlikeanadult.盡管他是個孩子，但他喜愛被當(dāng)成成年人對待。②Hard_as_he_studies,_heoftenfailsintheexams.盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦，但他常常考試不及格。③Small_as_it_is,_theantisasmuchacreatureasallotheranimalsontheearth.雖然很小，但螞蟻和地球上的其他動物是一樣的。④Try_as_you_may,_youwon'tbeabletopersuadehim.盡管你想方設(shè)法，但你不能勸服他。Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Thelastdecade(十年)hasseentremendouschangesinthemeansoftransportation.2．Manypeoplearedefeated(戰(zhàn)勝)bythemselvesbeforetheyreallymeetwithchallengesduetotheabsenceofconfidence.3．Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyouwillseethedooroffaith(信念)openbeforeyou.4．Whathesaidwassoabstract(抽象的)thatmanyofuscouldn'tunderstandit.5．Itwasagreatrelief(寬慰)tofindmyparentssafeandsound.6．Therearemanygooddeeds(行為)inourclass,indeedinthewholeschool.7．Errorsareinescapable(不行避開的)incidentsinthecourseofscientificresearch.8．WhileIhavesomesympathy(憐憫)forthem,Idon'tthinktheyareright.9．Lifeisaseriesofchoicesandwecan'talwaysforesee(預(yù)知)theconsequences.10．Thegovernmenthastakenmeasurestobringdownthehighpricesofdailygoodstokeepthemarketstable(穩(wěn)定的)．Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Ifeltrelieved(relief)thatmanyclassmatesbegantogiveuptheirbadhabits.2．Aseriesofborderincidentswouldprobablyleadthetwocountriestowar.3．Inrecentyears,therehavebeenlargenumbersofvolunteersdevoting(devote)theirtimeandefforttopeopleinneed.4．Viewed(view)fromadistance,themountainlookedlikealion,asaresultofwhichitgotitsname.5．Atlast,theboyacknowledgedhaving_stolen(steal)themoneyfromhismother'spocket.6．Hisassumption(assume)aboutthathumancancloneanimalshasbeenconfirmedintheend.7．Thefootballplayerwasaccusedoftakingmoneyfornotscoringgoalsonpurpose.8．Myfatheralwaystellsmethatobservation(observe)isthebestteacher.9．—Whataboutthetwocars?—Thisoneisnomore_expensive(expensive)thanthatone.Buttheblueoneuseslessoil.10．ThespeechofthatNobelPrizewinnermadeagreatimpactonthestudents.Ⅲ.單句改錯1．Asweallknow,Englishpeopleareaccustomedtodriveontheleft.drive→driving2．Inspitegreatefforts,wefailedtocarryourplansthrough.spite后加of3．Assumedthatyouarechosentobeavolunteeratthe2024BeijingWinterOlympicGames,whatwillyoudo？Assumed→Assuming4．Weatherpermits,we'llgotovisitourteacherthisafternoon.permits→permitting5．Childasheis,heknowswellabouthisfamilyhistoryanddreamsbeingawriterinthefuture.dreams后加of或about6．Accusingofstealingmoney,themanwasbroughttocourt.Accusing→Accused7．Whenindoubtaboutthemeaningofaword,consultwithadictionary.去掉with8．Thepolitician'sactionsdonotconsistinthepromisesinhisspeeches.第一個in→withⅣ.語段填詞1．Althoughthepatientwasoutofpatience,thenursewasstillpatientwithherworkanddiditpatiently.(patient)2．Atfirst,AnnetotallydependedonJack,herhusband.Aftermanyyearsofstruggle,shegainedherindependenceandnowsheisdependentonherselftoleadanewlife.(depend)3．MrBlackismydevotedfriend,whodevoteshislifetodoingscientificresearch.Irespecthisdevotiontoscience.(devote)4．Itwasfirstassumedthathewasthemurderer,butlateritturnedouttobeafalseassumption.(assume)5．Withthehelpoftheadvancedtechnology,wecancompletethetaskinadvance.(advance)Ⅴ.完成句子1．他雖然是老師，但也不行能什么都懂。(as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)Teacher_as_he_is,_hecan'tknoweverything.2．這個故事和那個故事一樣沒趣。(nomore...than)Thisstoryisno_more_interesting_thanthatone.3．他自從進(jìn)入中學(xué)很少玩過電腦嬉戲。(否定詞置于句首的部分倒裝句)Seldomhas_he_playedcomputergameseversinceheenteredseniorhighschool.4．小男孩站在超市的外面，眼睛盯著櫥窗上的玩具。(獨(dú)立主格)Thelittleboystoodoutsidethesupermarket,eyes_fixed_on_the_toysonthewindow.5．人們公認(rèn)為語言和文化是相互聯(lián)系在一起的。(acknowledge)It_is_acknowledged_t