2024屆新高考英語一輪復習題型：閱讀理解37

(37)閱讀理解一2024屆新高考英語一輪復習題型滾動練

1.InaclassroominruralKenya*sRiftValleyProvince,astudenttakesnotesalongsideher

fellowclassmates.Shewearsthesameschooluniform-agreyskirtandagreensweater.

However,sheismorethan80yearsolderthanthem.PriscillaSitienei,whoturned99-years-

oldonFebruary11,saidshewentbacktoclasstosetagoodexampleforhergreat-

grandchildrenandtostartanewcareer,"rdliketobecomeadoctorbecauseIusedtobea

midwife(助產(chǎn)士)Jshesaid,addingthatherchildrenweresupportiveofherdecision.

Backin2003,thegovernmentoftheEastAfricancountrybegananeducationcampaignto

helptopayforthecostofprimaryschooling,allowingsomeoldermembersofsocietywho

hadmissedoutoneducationintheiryoungerdaystocontinuetheirdreams.Thishasgiven

Sitieneimorethananeducation.She'salsobecomeafilmstar.ShetraveledtoParislastyear

forthefirstshowingofafilmaboutherjourneytitled"Gogo",whichmeans"grandmother"

inhernativeKalenjinlanguage.ShellalsobeheadingtoNewYorkCitysoonforthelaunch

ofthefilmthere.

Sitienei,whoisinhersixthyearofprimaryschool,saidheraimswerefarmorepractical

thanbecomingamoviestar.Shehadtheideawhenhergreat-granddaughterdroppedoutof

schoolaftergettingpregnant,"Ijokinglyaskedherifshehadanymoneyremainingonher

schoolfeeandshesaidyes,soItoldherthatI'duseittoattendschool."Shesaidshehad

hopedthathergreat-granddaughterwouldcontinuewithherstudies.Butwhensherefused,

Sitieneidecidedtogotoschoolherself.

Sitieneialsoenjoysotherschoolactivities,includingphysicaleducationclasses."Itkeeps

mefit.Igettojumparound,eventhoughnotasmuchastheycando,butIatleastmovemy

body.That'smyjoy,"shesaid.

HerteachersuseSitienefswideexperiencetokeepthepeaceduringlessons."Iappointed

Sitieneitohelpcontroltheclass.Anditworks.WhenIgooutside,theclassremainssilent,"

saidLeonidaTalaam,herclassteacher.

l.HowdoesPriscillaSitieneidifferfromherclassmates?

A.Thelearningapproach.B.Thedressingstyle.

C.Studyefficiency.D.Physicalage.

2.WhyareParisandNewYorkCitymentionedinparagraph2?

A.Tbshowthedailyroutinesofafilmstar.

B.TostateSitieneiisreallyfondoftraveling.

C.ToindicatetheeffectsoftheeducationcampaignonSitienei.

D.Tbexplainthehardworkittakestomakedreamscometrue.

3.WhichwordbestdescribesSitienei?

A.Active.B.Passive.C.Independent.D.Intelligent.

4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSitieneifromthelastparagraph?

A.Shehatesnoiseinclassverymuch.

B.Sheisagoodhelpertoherclassteacher.

C.Shealwaysenjoysstayinginsilencealone.

D.Sheoftenreplacesherteachertogivelessons.

2.Virtualreality(VR)isalreadywidespreadinvariousfields.Butwhilevisionand

hearinginterfaces(接口)areextremelyadvanced,andtouch,or"haptics,"Isimproving,one

keysensehasbeenmissingfromthevirtualworld:smell.

Thatmaybeabouttochange.EngineerXingeYuoftheCityUniversityofHongKong

andhiscolleagueshavedevelopedalightweight,flexibleandwirelesssmellinterfacethat

canpreciselydeliversmellssuchaspineappleorgreenteatoVRusersandmorefully

immersetheminscentedvirtualworlds.

Previoussmellinterfaceshavetypicallyusedbottlesofliquidperfume,anatomizer(a

devicethatturnsliquidsintoafinemist)andsomemethodofblowingtheatomizeddroplets

out.Thisworks,butitisrigidandhaslimitedoperatingtimebetweenrefills,anditdocsnot

easilyallowforcontrollingintensity.Thesedrawbackshavemadethedeviceslesspractical

forVRsystems.

Thenewdesignusessmallwaxpadsfilledwithscentsthatareheatedbyanelectrode(電

極)toreleaseasmell.Athermistorsensesthetemperature,whichcontrolsthesmelFs

intensity.Thestudydescribestwodifferentdeviceformats.Thefirstissmallenoughthatit

canbestucktoauser'stoplip,butitincludesonlytwosmellgenerators.Thesecondisworm

likeafacemaskandhasnine.Botharecustomizablewithaselectionof30smells,including

ginger,clove,mojitoandcoconutmilk.Differentcombinationscanbeblendedatvarying

intensitiestocreatethousandsofpossiblefragrances.

ThestudyincludesdemonstrationsofpossibleapplicationsbeyondjustenhancingVR,

includingcommunicatingmessagesbysmellandarousingemotions.Theresearcherssuggest

thedevicescouldevenbeusedtoceasedepressedmoodorpromoterecallinpeoplewithage-

relatedcognitivedecline."Scentisdirectlyconnectedtotheemotionalandmemorypartsof

thebrain,sotherearealotofapplicationsrelatedtowell-beingandhealth,"Amoressays.

l.Whatsthefunctionofparagraph1?

A.TogiveadefinitionofVRB.TointroducethechangeinVR

C.ToshowtheimportanceofVRD.ToemphasizetheexistinguseofVR

2.Whichistheadvantageofthenewinterfaces?

A.Theycanonlybewornasafacemask.

B.Theyallowpeopletocontrolthesmellintensity.

C.Theyhavelimitedoperatingtimebetweenfills.

D.Theyhavetypicallyusedbottlesofliquidperfume.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayingthenewinterfacesare"customizable"?

A.Theyarereadyforsale.

B.Theyhaveaselectionof30smells.

C.Theycanbeblendedatvaryingintensities.

D.Theycanbedesignedtomeetdifferentneeds.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thedesignofthestudy.B.Theadvantagesofthestudy.

C.Theapplicationsofthestudy.D.Thedisadvantagesofthestudy.

3.BanffNationalParkisCanada'sfirstbornnationalparkandwasrecognizedin1885.

LocatedintheRockyMountainsofAlberta,Banffincludes6,641squarekilometersof

glaciersandicefields,thickconiferousforest,andalpine（高山的）scenery.TheIcefields

ParkwayspreadsfromLakeLouise,connectingtoJasperNationalParkinthenorth.

ProvincialforestsandYohoNationalParkareneighborstothewestwhileKootenayNational

Parkissituatedtothesouth.ThemaincommercialcenteroftheparkistheTownofBanff,in

theBowRivervalley.

TheCanadianPacificRailwaywascontributoryinBanffsearlyyears,buildingtheBanff

SpringsHotelandFairmontChateauLakeLouiseintheparkandattractingtouriststhrough

widespreadadvertising.Intheearly20thcentury,roadswerebuiltinBanff,attimesby

prisonersofWorldWarI,andthroughGreatDepression-erapublicworksprojects.AsBanff

hasoverthreemillionvisitorsannually,thehealthofitsecologyhasbeenendangered.Inthe

mid-1990s,ParksCanadalaunchedatwo-yearstudytopreserveecologicalintegrity.

BanffNationalParkhasasubarcticclimate（副極地氣彳院）withthreeecoregions.The

forestsfeaturethelodgepolepineatlowerheightsandtheEngelmannspruceathigherones

belowthetreeline,abovewhicharechieflyrocksandice.Mammal（哺乳動物）speciessuch

asthegrizzlybear,cougar,wolverine,mooseandbighornsheeparefoundalongwith

hundredsofbirdspecies.Reptiles（爬行動物）arealsofoundbutonlyarestrictednumberof

specieshavebeenrecorded.

Themountainswereformedfromsedimentaryrocks（沉積巖）whichwerepushedeastover

newerrockformations,between80and55millionyearsago.Overthepreviousfewmillion

years,glaciershaveattimescoveredmostofthepark,buttodayarefoundonlyonthe

mountainsidesthoughtheyincludetheColumbiaIcefield,thelargestcontinuousglacialmass

intheRockies.Erosion（侵蝕）fromwaterandicehasmoldedthemountainsintotheir

existingshapes.

l.WhatcanweinferaboutBanffNationalPark?

A.Itwasbuiltmainlybyprisoners.

B.ItistheoldestnationalparkinCanada.

C.Itisconnectedtothreeotherprovincialparks.

D.Itfailedtosatisfyvisitors1demandforcommercialactivities.

2.WhatwasacontributionoftheCanadianPacificRailway?

A.BuildingroadsinBanff.

B.ConstructinghotelsinBanff.

C.PreservingtheecologyofBanff.

D.ProvidingmultiplerailwaylinesforBanff.

3.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.ThebiodiversityofBanff.B.Thelimitedknowledgeofreptiles.

C.ThecomplexclimatesystemofBanff.D.Themammals*severelivingconditions.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"molded"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?

A.Stuck.B.Broken.C.Formed.D.Followed.

4.1hadalwaysdreamedoflivingandworkinginNewYork,whichpromisedendless

opportunities.ButassoonasIarrived,Irealizedthatmyjourneywasgoingtobefilledwith

countlesssetbacksandchallenges.

MyfirstmajorfailurecamewhenIlandedmydreamjobatafamouscompany.However,

afterjustafewmonths,Iwasletgoduetobudgetcuts.Iwasshockedandfeltlikeallofmy

hardworkhadbeenfornothing.

Determinedtobounceback,Iappliedforanewjobatanothercompany.Thistime,

thingsseemedtobegoingbetter.Iwasmakingprogressandgainingvaluableexperience,but

thenIwassuddenlylaidoffagainduetocompanyrestructuring.

Feelingdefeatedandhopeless,Idecidedtotakeabreakfromthejobsearchandfocuson

self-improvement.Ienrolledincoursesandattendedworkshopstolearnnewskillsand

expandmyknowledge.Butevenwithallofthiseffort,Istillcouldn'tfindtherightjob.

Oneday,whilesearchingonlinejoblistings,Ifoundanopportunitythatseemedtoogood

tobetrue.Itwasaremotepositionthatofferedacompetitivesalaryandflexiblehours.

Withouthesitation,IappliedandwasthrilledwhenIreceivedanofferletter.

However,assoonasIstartedworkingremotely,Irealizedthatitwasn'tthesameas

beinginanofficewithcolleagues（同事）aroundme.Istruggledtocommunicateeffectively

andfounditdifficulttostaymotivatedwithoutthesupportofmyteam.

Despitethesechallenges,Irefusedtogiveup.Ireachedouttomycolleaguesandtriedto

buildrelationshipswiththemthroughvirtualmeetingsandsocialmedia.Withtheirhelpand

encouragement,Iwasabletoadapttothenewenvironmentandexcelinmyrole.Looking

backonmyjourney,Irealizedthatsuccessisnotaboutavoidingfailure,butratherabout

learningfromitandperseveringthroughthetoughtimes.Iencouragedotherswhomaybe

facingsimilarchallengesintheirowncareerstonevergiveupontheirdreamsandtokeep

pushingforwardevenwhenthingsgettough.

l.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisjourneywhenhearrived?

A.Better.B.Promising.C.Tough.D.Well-paid.

2.Whatcausedhimtobelaidoffbythefirstcompany?

A.Companyrestructuring.B.Financialproblems.

C.Beingshortofskills.D.Workingattitude.

3.Whydidtheauthorkeepintouchwithhiscolleagues?

A.Hewantedthemnottogiveup.

B.Hewantedtogetsupportfromthem.

C.Hewantedtobebetterthanthem.

D.Hewantedtoholdameetingwiththem.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Perseverant.B.Modest.C.Imaginative.D.Generous.

5.Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureisabout37℃wasfirstpresentedby

theGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin1851.Sincethen,it'sbecomeso

widelyacceptedthatitservesasatouchstoneforhealth-adiagnostictoolusedby

physiciansandparentsasabasicindicatorofwhethersomeoneissickorwell.However,it

turnsoutthatthiswell-establishedfactisn't,infact,correct~~or,toputitmoreaccurately,

humanbeingshavebeengettingcoolerovertheyears.

Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsofgroupsofpeoplehavetendedto

runlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm（標準）sotheStanfordteam,ledbyJuliePar-sonnet,

MD,professorofmedicineandofhealthresearchandpolicy,decidedtodoamorein-depth

studytocomparemodemmeasurementswithhistoricalrecordstotrytoidentifybody

temperaturetrendsand,perhaps,uncoverthereasonwhythiscoolingishappening.

Fortheirresearch,theStanfordteamlookedatthreedistinctdatasetsfromtwohistorical

periods.Aftergoingthrough677,423temperaturemeasurements,theteamfoundthatmen

bominthe21stcenturyhadanaveragebodytemperatureof0.6℃lowerthanthatofthose

bomintheearly19thcenturywhilemodernwomenshowedanaveragedecreaseof0.03℃

comparedtothoseborninthe1890s.

Astowhythisishappening,theresearcherssaythatthemostlikelymechanismisa

reductioninthehumanmetabolicrate（代謝率）duetoenvironmentalfactors:Onepossibility

isthatimprovementsinpublichealthover200yearshavereducedtheincidenceof

inflammations（炎癥）,whichpromotemetabolism.Thiscombinedwithpeoplelivingmore

comfortablelivesinmorestableenvironmentsmeansthatthebodydoesn'thavetoworkas

hardtostaywarm,sotheaveragetemperaturefalls.

"Theenvironmentthatwe'relivinginhaschanged,includingthetemperatureinour

homes,ourcontactwithmicroorganisms（微生物）andthefoodthatwehaveaccessto.All

thesethingsmeanthatalthoughweconsiderhumanbeingsasthesameforallofhuman

evolution,we'renotthesame.We'reactuallychangingphysiologically,"Parsonnetsaid.

1.WhatisCarlReinholdAugustWunderlich'sachievement?

A.Hesetupstandardsforhumanhealthservices.

B.Hepredictedtrendsinhumanbodytemperature.

C.Hefirstusedbodytemperatureasahealthindicator.

D.Heproposedthestandardhumanbodytemperature.

2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStanfordteam'sstudy?

A.Itshowswomenhavealowerbodytemperaturethanmen.

B.Itproveshumanbodytemperaturehasdroppedatafasterrate.

C.Itcomparedhistoricalandcurrenthumanbodytemperaturedata.

D.Itsuggestedupdatingthedefinitionoftheaveragebodytemperature.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthoughttocausethedecreaseinhumanbodytemperature?

A.Theimprovedlivingconditions.

B.Thecontactwithothercreatures.

C.Thedeclineinphysicallydemandingwork.

D.Theadaptationofhumanstoclimatechange.

4.Whichonecouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whatexactlyisnormalhumanbodytemperature?

B.Whydoeshumanbodytemperatureneedmeasuring?

C.Humanbodytemperaturehasdecreasedovertheyears

D.Humanbodytemperaturechangeswiththeenvironment

答案以及解析

1.

L答案：D

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"However,sheismorethan80yearsolderthan

them."可知,PriscillaSitienei的年紀已經(jīng)很大了，這是她與其他學生的不同之處。故選

Do

2.答案：C

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，這個東非國家的政府執(zhí)行的教育運動給Sitienei

帶來的不僅僅是教育，這也是她有機會去巴黎和紐約的原因。故選C。

3.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Sitieneidecidedtogotoschoolherself"和第四段中

的"Sitieneialsoenjoysotherschoolactivities,includingphysicaleducationclasses.“可

知,Sitienei是一個很積極的人。故選A。

4.答案:B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"'IappointedSitieneitohelpcontroltheclass.

Anditworks.WhenIgooutside,theclassremainssilent,'saidLeonidaTalaam,herclass

teacher.”可知,Sitienei在幫助維持班級秩序方面很有作用，是班主任的好幫手。故選B。

2.

L答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Virtualreality（VR）isalreadywidespreadin

variousfields.Butwhilevisionandhearinginterfaces（接口）areextremelyadvanced,

andtouch,or"haptics,"Isimproving,onekeysensehasbeenmissingfromthevirtual

world：smell.（虛擬現(xiàn)實（VR）已經(jīng)廣泛應用于各個領域。但是，雖然視覺和聽覺界

面非常先進，觸覺或“觸覺”也在改善，但虛擬世界中缺少一種關鍵的感覺：嗅覺。）

可知第1段的作用是介紹VR的變化。故選Bo

2.答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段Thenewdesignusessmallwaxpadsfilledwith

scentsthatareheatedbyanelectrode（電極）toreleaseasmell.Athermistorsensesthe

temperature,whichcontrolsthesmell'sintensity.（這種新的設計使用了裝滿氣味的小蠟

墊，通過電極加熱來釋放氣味。熱敏電阻感應溫度，從而控制氣味的強度。）可知新

界面的優(yōu)勢在于，它們允許人們控制氣味的強度。故選B。

3.答案：D

解析：猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章第四段Thefirstissmallenoughthatitcanbestucktoa

user'stoplip,butitincludesonlytwosmellgenerators.Thesecondiswormlikeaface

maskandhasnine.Botharecustomizablewithaselectionof30smells,includingginger,

clove,mojitoandcoconutmilk.Differentcombinationscanbeblendedatvaryingintensities

tocreatethousandsofpossiblefragrances.（第一個足夠小，可以粘在用戶的上唇，但它

只包括兩個氣味發(fā)生器。第二個是蠕蟲狀的面具，有九個。兩者都可以定制30種氣

味，包括生姜，丁香，莫吉托和椰子汁。不同的組合可以以不同的強度混合，創(chuàng)造出

數(shù)千種可能的香味。）可知作者所說的新界面是“可定制的“，意思是它們可以被設計

來滿足不同的需求。ATheyarereadyforsale.它們可以出售了；B.Theyhaveaselection

of30smells.他們有30種氣味可供選擇；C.Theycanbeblendedatvaryingintensities.Is

們可以以不同的強度混合；D.Theycanbedesignedtomeetdifferentneeds.它們可以被設

計來滿足不同的需求。故選D。

4.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Thestudyincludesdemonstrationsofpossible

applicationsbeyondjustenhancingVR,includingcommunicatingmessagesbysmelland

arousingemotions.Theresearcherssuggestthedevicescouldevenbeusedtocease

depressedmoodorpromoterecallinpeoplewithage-relatedcognitivedecline.（這項研究

包括除了增強虛擬現(xiàn)實之外的可能應用演示，包括通過氣味傳達信息和喚起情緒。研

究人員表示，這些設備甚至可以用于緩解抑郁情緒或促進與年齡相關的認知衰退患者

的回憶。）可知從最后一段我們了解到這項研究的應用。故選C。

3.

L答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，班夫國家公園是加拿大第一個國家公園，即

它是加拿大最古老的國家公園。故選B。

2.答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的"TheCanadianPacificRailway...buildingthe

BanffSpringsHotelandFairmontChateauLakeLouiseinthepark"可知，加拿大太平洋鐵路

公司在班夫國家公園的貢獻是建設了兩家酒店。故選B。

3.答案：A

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的"asubarcticclimatewiththreeecoregions""the

lodgepolepine""theEngelmannspruce""Mammalspecies""Reptiles"等關鍵信息可知，本

段主要描述了班夫國家公園的生物多樣性。故選A。

4.答案：C

解析：詞義猜測題。畫線詞所在句子的意思為"水和冰的侵蝕把這些山塑造成了現(xiàn)在的

形狀”，故畫線詞與form為同義詞，意為“形成"。故選C。

4.

L答案：C

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段ButassoonasIarrived,Irealizedthatmyjourneywas

goingtobefilledwithcountlesssetbacksandchallenges.（但是，當我到達時，我意識到

我的旅程將充滿無數(shù)的挫折和挑戰(zhàn)。）可知，作者意識到自己的旅程充滿無數(shù)的挫折

和挑戰(zhàn)，即作者覺得自己的旅程是艱難的。故選C。

2.答案：B

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中MyfirstmajorfailurecamewhenIlandedmydream

jobatafamouscompany.However,afterjustafewmonths,Iwasletgoduetobudgetcuts.

（我的第一次重大失敗發(fā)生在我得到了一份夢寐以求的名企工作后。然而，僅僅幾個

月后，由于預算削減，我被解雇了。）可知，由于公司的預算削減（即經(jīng)濟問題），

所以作者被解雇了。故選B。

3.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Istruggledtocommunicateeffectivelyandfoundit

difficulttostaymotivatedwithoutthesupportofmyteam.（我努力有效地溝通，發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有

團隊的支持很難保持積極性。）”以及最后一段中"Despitethesechallenges,Irefusedto

giveup.Ireachedouttomycolleaguesandtriedtobuildrelationshipswiththemthrough

virtualmeetingsandsocialmedia.Withtheirhelpandencouragement,Iwasabletoadaptto

thenewenvironmentandexcelinmyrole.（盡管有這些挑戰(zhàn)，我拒絕放棄。我聯(lián)系了同

事，并試圖通過虛擬會議和社交媒體與他們建立關系。在他們的幫助和鼓勵下，我能

夠適應新的環(huán)境，并在我的角色中表現(xiàn)出色。）可知，作者之所以要與同事們保持聯(lián)

系，是因為作者發(fā)現(xiàn)在遠程辦公中沒有同事的支持是很難保持積極性的，所以他試圖

通過虛擬會議和社交媒體與他們建立關系。得到他們的幫助和鼓勵，適應新工作。

A.Hewantedthemnottogiveup.他希望他們不要放棄；B.Hewantedtogetsupport

fromthem他希望得到他們的支持；C.Hewantedtobebetterthanthem.他想比他們做

得更好；D.Hewantedtoholdameetingwiththem他想和他們開個會。故選B。

4.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"Determinedtobounceback,Iappliedforanewjobat

anothercompany.（我決心要振作起來，于是向另一家公司申請了一份新工作。）以及

第四段Feelingdefeatedandhopeless,Idecidedtotakeabreakfromthejobsearchand

focusonself-improvement（感到挫敗和絕望，我決定暫停找工作，專注于自我提

升。）以及最后一段Despitethesechallenges,Irefusedtogiveup.（盡管有這些挑戰(zhàn)，

我拒絕放棄。）”可知，盡管作者遭遇多次挫折，但依舊堅持不放棄，由此表明作者是

堅持不懈的。故選A。

5.

1.答案：D

解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Theideathatthenormalhumanbodytemperatureis

about37℃wasfirstpresentedbytheGermanphysicianCarlReinholdAugustWunderlichin

1851.（1851年，德國醫(yī)生CarlReinholdAugustWunderlich首次提出了正常人體溫度約

為37℃的觀點。）”和第二段中的“Recentstudieshaveshownthattemperaturerecordsof

groupsofpeoplehavetendedtorunlowcomparedtotheacceptednorm（最近的研究表明，

與公認的標準相比，人群的體溫記錄往往較