2024年6月英語六級考試真題試卷附答案和解析

6月英語六級考試真題試卷附答案和解析(第1套)

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD..YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ManufacturersofproductsthatclaimtobeenvironmentallyfriendlywillfacetighterrulesonhowtheyareadvertisedtoconsumersunderchangesproposedbytheFederalTradeCommission.

Thecommission'srevised"GreenGuides"warnmarketersagainstusinglabelsthatmakebroadclaims,like"eco-friendly".Marketersmustqualifytheirclaimsontheproductpackagingandlimitthemtoaspecificbenefit,suchashowmuchoftheproductisrecycled.

"Thisisreallyabouttryingtocutthroughtheconfusionthatconsumershavewhentheyarebuyingaproductandthatbusinesseshavewhentheyaresellingaproduct,"saidJonLeibowitz,chairmanofthecommission.

Therevisionscomeatatimewhengreenmarketingisontherise.Accordingtoanewstudy,thenumberofadvertisementswithgreenmessagesinmainstreammagazineshasrisensince1987,andpeakedinat10.4%.In,thenumberdroppedto9%.

Butwhilethenumberofadvertisementsmayhavedipped,therehasbeenarapidspreadofecolabeling.Therearebothgoodandbadplayersintheeco-labelinggame.

Inthelastfiveyearsorso,therehasbeenanexplosionofgreenclaimsandenvironmentalclaims.Itisclearthatconsumersdon'talwaysknowwhattheyaregetting.

Ahandfuloflawsuitshavebeenfiledinrecentyearsagainstcompaniesaccusedofusingmisleadingenvironmentallabels.Inand,class-actionlawsuits(集體訴訟)werefiledagainstSCJohnsonforusing"Greenlist"labelsonitscleaningproducts.Thelawsuitssaidthatthelabelwasmisleadingbecauseitgavetheimpressionthattheproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdpartywhenthecertificationwasthecompany'sown.

"WeareveryproudofouraccomplishmentsundertheGreenlistsystemandwebelievethatwewillprevailinthesecases,"ChristopherBeard,directorofpublicaffairsforSCJohnson,said,whileacknowledgingthat"thishasbeenanareathatisdifficulttonavigate."

Companieshavealsotakenituponthemselvestocontesteachother'sgreenclaims.

DavidMallen,associatedirectoroftheCouncilofBetterBusinessBureau,saidinthelasttwoyearstheorganizationhadseenanincreaseinthenumberofclaimscompanieswerebringingagainsteachotherforfalseormisleadingenvironmentalproductclaims.

"Aboutonceaweek,IhaveaclientthatwillbringupanewcertificationI'veneverevenheardofandI'minthisindustry,saidKevinWilhelm,chiefexecutiveofficerofSustainableBusinessConsulting."It'skindofaWildWest,anybodycanclaimthemselvestobegreen."Mr.Wilhelmsaidtheexcessoflabelsmadeitdifficultforbusinessesandconsumerstoknowwhichlabelstheyshouldpayattentionto.

46.Whatdotherevised"GreenGuides"requirebusinessestodo?

A)Manufactureasmanygreenproductsaspossible.

B)Indicatewhethertheirproductsarerecyclable.

C)Specifyinwhatwaytheirproductsaregreen.

D)Attachgreenlabelstoalloftheirproducts.

47.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutconsumersfacinganexplosionofgreenclaims?

A)Theycaneasilyseethroughthebusinesses'tricks.

B)Theyhavetospendlotsoftimechoosingproducts.

C)Theyhavedoubtaboutcurrentgreencertification.

D)Theyarenotclearwhichproductsaretrulygreen.

48.WhatwasSCJohnsonaccusedofintheclass-actionlawsuits?

A)Itgaveconsumerstheimpressionthatallitsproductsweretrulygreen.

B)Itgaveathirdpartytheauthoritytolabelitsproductsasenvironmentallyfriendly.

C)Itmisledconsumerstobelievethatitsproductshadbeencertifiedbyathirdparty.

D)Itsoldcleaningproductsthatwerenotincludedintheofficial"Greenlist".

49.HowdidChristopherBearddefendhiscompany'slabelingpractice?

A)Therewerenoclearguidelinesconcerninggreenlabeling.

B)Hiscompany'sproductshadbeenwellreceivedbythepublic.

C)Itwasinconformitytotheprevailingpracticeinthemarket.

D)Nolawrequiredtheinvolvementofathirdpartyincertification.

50.WhatdoesKevinWilhelmimplybysaying"It'skindofaWildWest"(Line3，Para.11)?

A)Businessescompetetoproducegreenproducts.

B)Eachbusinessactsitsownwayingreenlabeling.

C)Consumersgrowwildwithproductslabeledgreen.

D)AnythingproducedintheWestcanbelabeledgreen.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

America'seducationsystemhasbecomelessaladderofopportunitythanastructuretotransmitinequalityfromonegenerationtothenext.

That'swhyschoolreformissocritical.Thisisanissueofequality,opportunityandnationalconscience.It'snotjustabouteducation,butaboutpovertyandjustice.

It'struethatthemainreasoninner-cityschoolsdopoorlyisn'tteachers'unions,butpoverty.Southernstateswithoutstrongteachers'，unionshaveschoolsatleastasawfulasthoseinunionstates.SomeChicagoteachersseemtothinkthattheyshouldn'tbeheldaccountableuntilpovertyissolved.There'restepswecantakethatwouldmakesomedifference,andMayorRahmEmanuelistryingsomeofthem—yettheunionisresisting.

I'dbesympatheticiftheunionfocusedsolelyonhighercompensation.Teachersneedtobemuchbetterpaidtoattractthebestcollegegraduatestothenation'sworstschools.But,instead,theChicagounionseemstobeusingitspoliticalcapitalprimarilytoprotectweakperformers.

There'ssolidevidencethattherearehugedifferencesintheeffectivenessofteachers.ThegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholarsfoundthateveninhigh-povertyschools,teachersconsistentlyhadahugepositiveornegativeimpact.

Getabottom1%teacher,andtheeffectisthesameasifachildmisses40%oftheschoolyear.Getateacherfromthetop20%,andit'sasifachildhasgonetoschoolforanextramonthortwo.

Thestudyfoundthatstrongteachersinthefourththrougheighthgradesraisedtheskillsoftheirstudentsinwaysthatwouldlastfordecades.Justhavingastrongteacherforoneelementaryyearleftpupilsabitlesslikelytobecomemothersasteenagers,abitmorelikelytogotocollegeandearningmoremoneyatage28.

Howdoesonefigureoutwhoisaweakteacher?Yes,that'sachallenge.Butresearchersareimprovingsystemstomeasureateacher'sperformancethroughouttheyear,and,withthreeyearsofdata,ifsusuallypossibletotellwhichteachersarefailing.

Unfortunately,theunioninChicagoisinsistingthatteacherswhoarelaidoff—oftenforbeingineffective—shouldgetpriorityinnewhiring.That'saninsulttostudents.

Teachingissoimportantthatitshouldbelikeotherprofessions,withhighpayandgoodworkingconditionsbutfewjobprotectionsforbottomperformers.

Thisisn'tabattlebetweengarmentworkersandgreedybosses.ThecentralfiguresintheChicagoschoolsstrikeareneitherstrikersnormanagersbut350,000children.Protectingtheuniondemandsacrificesthosestudents,ineffectturningablindeyetotheinjusticeintheeducationsystem.

51.WhatdowelearnaboutAmerica'seducationsystem?

A)Itprovidesaladderofopportunityforthewealthy.

B)Itcontributeslittletotheeliminationofinequality.

C)Ithasremainedbasicallyunchangedforgenerations.

D)Ithasbroughtupgenerationsofresponsiblecitizens.

52.Whatischieflyresponsiblefortheundesirableperformanceofinner-cityschools?

A)Unqualifiedteachers.C)Unfavorablelearningenvironment.

B)Lackoffinancialresources.D)Subconsciousracialdiscrimination.

53.Whatdoestheauthorthinktheunionshoulddotowinpopularsupport?

A)Assistthecitygovernmentinreformingschools.C)Demandhigherpayforteachers.

B)Giveconstructiveadvicetoinner-cityschools.D)Helpteachersimproveteaching.

54.WhatisthefindingofthegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholars?

A)Manyinner-cityschoolteachersarenotequaltotheirjobs.

B)Alargeproportionofinner-citychildrenoftenmissclasses.

C)Manystudentsaredissatisfiedwiththeirteachers.

D)Studentperformancehasalottodowithteachers.

55.WhydoestheauthorsaytheChicagounionsdemandisaninsulttostudents?

A)Itprotectsincompetentteachersattheexpenseofstudents.

B)Itunderestimatesstudents,abilitytotellgoodteachersfrompoorones.

C)Itmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarediscriminatedagainstinmanyways.

D)Ittotallyignoresstudents，initiativeinthelearningprocess.答案：46[C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的therevised“GreenGuides”定位至第2段。

【解析】本題問“綠色指南”修訂版規(guī)定商家怎么做。第2段首句指出聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)警告商家不得使用諸如“生態(tài)友好的”之類體現(xiàn)寬泛的標(biāo)簽。第2句指出商家須詳細(xì)怎么做,包括要證明其產(chǎn)品包裝上的描述屬實(shí)、明確詳細(xì)的益處。C項(xiàng)“詳細(xì)闡明其產(chǎn)品為何是綠色的”與原文吻合，其中Specify為原文中specific的同義體現(xiàn)，故選C項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“制造盡量多的綠色產(chǎn)品”并非聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)的規(guī)定。聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)規(guī)定商家使其產(chǎn)品的益處詳細(xì)化，如寫明產(chǎn)品中有多少可回收成分，而非B項(xiàng)“指出其產(chǎn)品與否可回收”。文章并未提及D項(xiàng)“所有產(chǎn)品貼上綠色標(biāo)簽”。

47[D]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的anexplosionofgreenclaims定位至第6段。

【解析】本題問作者對于消費(fèi)者在面對綠色環(huán)境保護(hù)宣傳泛濫時(shí)的體既有何見解。第6段首句指出在過去5年左右的時(shí)間裏，聲稱綠色環(huán)境保護(hù)的宣傳呈爆發(fā)狀態(tài)。第2句指出消費(fèi)者并不總是理解他們要購置的產(chǎn)品。D項(xiàng)“他們并不清晰哪種產(chǎn)品才是真正綠色環(huán)境保護(hù)的”與原文相符，故為答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“他們能輕易看穿營銷陷阱”與文中說的“消費(fèi)者不總是理解”不符。上文雖提到消費(fèi)者選購產(chǎn)品時(shí)會(huì)覺得困惑，但不能由此得出B項(xiàng)“他們必須花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間來挑選產(chǎn)品”。文中有兩處提到“綠色認(rèn)證”，其壹是莊臣企業(yè)遭到集體訴訟的事例，但并未提及“集體訴訟”是消費(fèi)者發(fā)起的，故不能得出C項(xiàng)“他們對目前的綠色認(rèn)證存在疑慮”。

48[C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的SCJohnson和theclass-actionlawsuits定位至第7段第2句。

【解析】本題問詢在集體訴訟案中，莊臣企業(yè)被指控的罪名是什么。第7段第2句指出，到年間，莊臣企業(yè)遭到集體訴訟，被指在其清潔產(chǎn)品上使用“綠色清單”標(biāo)簽。第3句指出訴訟認(rèn)為該標(biāo)簽具有誤導(dǎo)性，原因是“會(huì)使消費(fèi)者誤認(rèn)為該產(chǎn)品已通過第三方認(rèn)證”。C項(xiàng)“它誤導(dǎo)消費(fèi)者相信他們的產(chǎn)品已獲得第三方認(rèn)證”與原文意思壹致，其中misled對應(yīng)原文的misleading,故C項(xiàng)為答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“它讓消費(fèi)者認(rèn)為其所有產(chǎn)品都是真正的綠色產(chǎn)品”，涉案的只是莊臣企業(yè)的清潔產(chǎn)品，并未說是其所有產(chǎn)品，A項(xiàng)可排除。本文未提及莊臣企業(yè)“授權(quán)第三方為其產(chǎn)品打上環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)簽”和“銷售不在官方‘綠色清單’中的清潔產(chǎn)品”，故B、D兩項(xiàng)也可排除。

49[A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的ChristopherBeard定位至第8段。

【解析】本題問詢ChristopherBeard怎樣為該企業(yè)的標(biāo)簽行為作辯解。本段講到ChristopherBeard對我司在綠色清單體系所獲得的成就感到驕傲，并且相信他們能在這些“集體訴訟”案子裏勝出，然而他也承認(rèn)這個(gè)（綠色標(biāo)簽）領(lǐng)域很難規(guī)范、指導(dǎo)。由此可知，ChristopherBeard認(rèn)為那時(shí)候在綠色標(biāo)簽事項(xiàng)上沒有明確的指導(dǎo)方針，剛好對應(yīng)文章開頭說的如今美國聯(lián)邦貿(mào)易委員會(huì)有關(guān)綠色標(biāo)簽的提議，因此A項(xiàng)為答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】雖然使用生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)標(biāo)簽是市場風(fēng)行的做法，不過無法確定給產(chǎn)品加上自已企業(yè)的認(rèn)證這壹做法與否普遍，并且C項(xiàng)“符合市場的普遍做法”也不是ChristopherBeard的辯護(hù)觀點(diǎn)，故不選。文章未提及B項(xiàng)“其企業(yè)產(chǎn)品廣為公眾接受”和D項(xiàng)“法律不規(guī)定第三方認(rèn)證”，也可排除。

50[B]【定位】根據(jù)題干直接定位至第11段第2句。

【解析】本題問詢凱文?威廉引用的WildWest所指的意義。第11段第2句先指出目前綠色認(rèn)證的亂象如同往昔的“西大荒”，隨即指出詳細(xì)亂在哪些方面：人人都可以宣稱自已是環(huán)境保護(hù)的，與歷史上美國西部拓荒時(shí)期的無政府混亂狀態(tài)如出壹轍，因此B項(xiàng)“每家企業(yè)在綠色標(biāo)簽這方面均有自已的做法”與該句表述相符，為本題答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】文章指出各企業(yè)競相推出各自的綠色環(huán)境保護(hù)宣傳或廣告，而非“競相生產(chǎn)綠色產(chǎn)品”，故排除A項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)“消費(fèi)者對有綠色標(biāo)簽的產(chǎn)品很狂熱”、D項(xiàng)“西部地區(qū)所生產(chǎn)的任何產(chǎn)品都可以標(biāo)識(shí)為綠色產(chǎn)品”曲解了“theWildWest”中wild和west的意義。51[B]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的America'seducationsystem定位至第1段。

【解析】本題問詢文章對美國教育系統(tǒng)的評價(jià)。文章首段即明確指出作者的觀點(diǎn)：美國的教育系統(tǒng)不再是通往機(jī)遇的階梯，已然成為將不平等代代相傳的體系?？梢娮髡哒J(rèn)為教育原本具有的消除不平等的功能已不存在，B項(xiàng)“對消除不平等毫無作用”為答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】第1句指出美國的教育系統(tǒng)不再是通往機(jī)遇的階梯，但并非變成了“為富人提供通往機(jī)遇的階梯”，故排除A項(xiàng)。後半句指出教育系統(tǒng)變成了將不平等代代相傳的體系，并不是指教育系統(tǒng)不變，C項(xiàng)“幾代人以來基本上保持不變”曲解其意，故排除；文章未提及教育體系具有D項(xiàng)“將幾代人培養(yǎng)成有責(zé)任感的公民”的功能，也可排除。

52[B]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的inner-cityschools定位至第3段第1句。

【解析】本題問詢內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校體現(xiàn)不佳的重要原因。第3段首句指出，內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校體現(xiàn)糟糕的重要原因不是教師工會(huì)，而是poverty(貧窮）。與poverty同義的B項(xiàng)“缺乏財(cái)政來源”為答案。題干中的ischieflyresponsiblefor對應(yīng)原文的mainreason,undesirableperformance對應(yīng)dopoorly。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】原文中只是提到重要原因不在于教師工會(huì)，而是貧窮，A項(xiàng)“不合格教師”非重要原因。文章內(nèi)容未波及C項(xiàng)“不良的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境”和D項(xiàng)“潛意識(shí)的種族歧視”，也可排除。

53[C]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的theunion及題干問詢內(nèi)容可定位至第4段第1、2句。

【解析】本題問詢作者的觀點(diǎn)，工會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣作為來贏得公眾支持。上段末尾提到工會(huì)抵制市長采用的某些措施，本段第1句提出了作者的觀點(diǎn)：假如工會(huì)只是致力于獲取更高的賠償，他會(huì)贊同(sympathetic)。第2句深入闡明為何工會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)致力于獲取更高的賠償金：只有高薪才可以吸引優(yōu)秀人才到貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校任教。因此工會(huì)應(yīng)當(dāng)“為教師爭取更高的酬勞”,C項(xiàng)對的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】工會(huì)抵制了市長采用的某些措施，A項(xiàng)“協(xié)助市政府改革學(xué)?！笨膳懦?。基于本文，教師工會(huì)的職能重要是為教師提供保護(hù)和爭取福利，不包括B項(xiàng)“為內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校提供建設(shè)性的提議”和D項(xiàng)“協(xié)助教師提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量”。

54[D]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的thegoldstandardstudy,HarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholars定位至第5段第2句。

【解析】本題問詢哈佛大學(xué)和哥倫比亞大學(xué)的學(xué)者開展的金原則研究的成果。因此該句found後的賓語從句即為答案：雖然是在極度貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校，教師也總是會(huì)對教育產(chǎn)生巨大的，或積極或消極的影響。因此，D項(xiàng)“學(xué)生的體現(xiàn)與教師親密有關(guān)”為答案，體現(xiàn)了教師對教育所產(chǎn)生的影響。題干中的finding是原文found的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】文章中提及部分內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校的師資不佳，但并非該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果，因此A項(xiàng)“諸多內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校的教師無法勝任他們的工作”可排除。文章未提及內(nèi)城區(qū)學(xué)校學(xué)生的行為以及他們對教師的態(tài)度，因此B項(xiàng)“大部分內(nèi)城區(qū)的孩子常常翹課”和C項(xiàng)“諸多學(xué)生對他們的教師不滿”也可排除。

55[A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的Chicagounion's,demand和aninsulttostudents定位至最終三段。

【解析】本題問詢?yōu)楹握f芝加哥工會(huì)的規(guī)定是對學(xué)生的欺侮。第9段指出芝加哥工會(huì)堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為那些被解雇的（壹般是不稱職的）教師擁有優(yōu)先聘任權(quán)，作者認(rèn)為這對學(xué)生是個(gè)欺侮，第10和第11段對此作詳細(xì)解釋，指出不應(yīng)過度保護(hù)這些人的工作權(quán)益，壹旦滿足工會(huì)規(guī)定、保護(hù)這些人的權(quán)益，學(xué)生的權(quán)益就會(huì)被犧牲掉。因此A項(xiàng)“以犧牲學(xué)生為代價(jià)保護(hù)不稱職的教師”為答案，attheexpenseof是原文中sacrifices的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】文章未波及工會(huì)對學(xué)生辨別和學(xué)習(xí)能力的評估，B項(xiàng)“低估了學(xué)生辨別好老師和壞老師的能力”、D項(xiàng)“完全忽視學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中的積極性”均可排除。文章未提及歧視問題，C項(xiàng)“讓學(xué)生感到在多方面遭受歧視”也可排除。

6月英語六級考試真題試卷附答案和解析(第2套)Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

section.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questionsor

unfinished

statements.

For

each

of

them

there

are

four

choices

marked

A.,

B.,

C.

and

D..You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

sheet

with

asingle

line

through

the

centre.

Passage

One

Questions

46

to

50

are

based

on

the

following

passage.

Facing

water

shortages

and

escalating

fertilizer

costs,

fanners

in

developing

countries

are

usingraw

sewage

(下水道污水）to

irrigate

and

fertilize

nearly

49

million

acres

of

cropland,

accordingto

a

new

report—and

it

may

not

be

a

bad

thing.

While

the

practice

carries

serious

health

risks

for

many,

those

dangers

are

outweighed

by

thesocial

and

economic

gains

for

poor

urban

farmers

and

consumers

who

need

affordable

food.

"There

is

a

large

potential

for

wastewater

agriculture

to

both

help

and

hurt

great

numbers

ofurban

consumers,"

said

Liqa

Raschid-Sally,

who

led

the

study.

The

report

focused

on

poor

urban

areas,

where

farms

in

or

near

cities

supply

relativelyinexpensive

food.

Most

of

these

operations

draw

irrigation

water

from

local

rivers

or

lakes.Unlike

developed

cities,

however,

these

areas

lack

advanced

water-treatment

facilities,

andrivers

effectively

become

sewers

(下水道).

When

this

water

is

used

for

agricultural

irrigation,

farmers

risk

absorbing

disease-causingbacteria,

as

do

consumers

who

eat

the

produce

raw

and

unwashed.

Nearly

2.2

million

peopledie

each

year

because

of

diarrhea-related

(與腹瀉有關(guān)的)

diseases,

according

to

WHO

statistics.More

than

80%

of

those

cases

can

be

attributed

to

contact

with

contaminated

water

and

alack

of

proper

sanitation.

But

Pay

Drechsel,

an

environmental

scientist,

argues

that

the

socialand

economic

benefits

of

using

untreated

human

waste

to

grow

food

outweigh

the

healthrisks.

Those

dangers

can

be

addressed

with

farmer

and

consumer

education,

he

said,

while

the

freewater

and

nutrients

from

human

waste

can

help

urban

farmers

in

developing

countries

toescape

poverty.

Agriculture

is

a

water-intensive

business,

accounting

for

nearly

70%

of

global

fresh

waterconsumption.

In

poor,

dry

regions,

untreated

wastewater

is

the

only

viable

irrigation

source

to

keep

fannersin

business.

In

some

cases,

water

is

so

scarce

that

farmers

break

open

sewage

pipestransporting

waste

to

local

rivers.

Irrigation

is

the

primary

agricultural

use

of

human

waste

in

the

developing

world.

Butfrequently

untreated

human

waste

harvested

from

lavatories

is

delivered

to

farms

and

spreadas

fertilizer.

In

most

cases,

the

human

waste

is

used

on

grain

crops,

which

are

eventually

cooked,minimizing

the

risk

of

transmitting

water-borne

diseases.

With

fertilizer

prices

jumping

nearly50%

per

metric

ton

over

the

last

year

in

some

places,

human

waste

is

an

attractive,

and

oftennecessary,

alternative.

In

cases

where

sewage

mud

is

used,

expensive

chemical

fertilizer

use

can

be

avoided.

The

mudcontains

the

same

critical

nutrients.

"Overly

strict

standards

often

fail,"

James

Bartram,

a

WHO

water-health

expert,

said."We

needto

accept

that

fact

across

much

of

the

planet,

so

waste

with

little

or

no

treatment

will

be

usedin

agriculture

for

good

reason."

46.

What

does

the

author

say

about

the

use

of

raw

sewage

for

farming?

A.

Its

risks

cannot

be

overestimated.

B.

It

should

be

forbidden

altogether.

C.

Its

benefits

outweigh

the

hazards

involved.

D.

It

is

polluting

millions

of

acres

of

cropland.

47.

What

is

the

main

problem

caused

by

the

use

of

wastewater

for

irrigation?

A.

Rivers

and

lakes

nearby

will

gradually

become

contaminated.

B.

It

will

drive

producers

of

chemical

fertilizers

out

of

business.

C.

Farmers

and

consumers

may

be

affected

by

harmful

bacteria.

D.

It

will

make

the

farm

produce

less

competitive

on

the

market.

48.

What

is

environmental

scientist

Pay

Drechsel's

attitude

towards

the

use

of

untreatedhuman

waste

in

agriculture?

A.

Favorable.

B.

Skeptical.

C.

Indifferent.

D.

Responsible.

49.

What

does

Pay

Drechsel

think

of

the

risks

involved

in

using

untreated

human

waste

forfarming?

A.

They

have

been

somewhat

exaggerated.

B.

They

can

be

dealt

with

through

education.

C.

They

will

be

minimized

with

new

technology.

D.

They

can

be

addressed

by

improved

sanitation.

50.

What

do

we

learn

about

James

Bartram's

position

on

the

use

of

human

waste

for

farming?

A.

He

echoes

Pay

Drechsel's

opinion

on

the

issue.

B.

He

challenges

Liqa

Raschid-Sally's

conclusion.

C.

He

thinks

it

the

only

way

out

of

the

current

food

crisis.

D.

He

deems

it

indispensable

for

combating

global

poverty.

Passage

Two

Questions

51

to

55

are

based

on

the

following

passage.

These

days,

nobody

needs

to

cook.

Families

graze

on

high-cholesterol

take-aways

andmicrowaved

ready-meals.

Cooking

is

an

occasional

hobby

and

a

vehicle

for

celebrity

chefs.Which

makes

it

odd

that

the

kitchen

has

become

the

heart

of

the

modem

house:

what

thegreat

hall

was

to

the

medieval

castle,

the

kitchen

is

to

the

21st-century

home.

The

money

spent

on

kitchens

has

risen

with

their

status.

In

America

the

kitchen

market

is

nowworth

$170

billion,

five

times

the

country's

film

industry.

In

the

year

to

August

,

IKEA,

aSwedish

furniture

chain,

sold

over

one

million

kitchens

worldwide.

The

average

budget

for

a"major"

kitchen

overhaul

in

,

calculates

Remodeling

magazine,

was

a

staggering

$54,000;even

a

"minor"

improvement

cost

on

average

$18,000.

Exclusivity,

more

familiar

in

the

world

of

high

fashion,

has

reached

the

kitchen:

Robinson&

Cornish,

a

British

manufacturer

of

custom-made

kitchens,

offers

a

Georgian-style

onewhich

would

cost

￡145,000-155,000—excluding

building,

plumbing

and

electrical

work.

Its

bigselling

point

is

that

nobody

else

will

have

it:"You

won't

see

this

kitchen

anywhere

else

in

theworld."

The

elevation

of

the

room

that

once

belonged

only

to

the

servants

to

that

of

design

showcasefor

the

modem

family

tells

the

story

of

a

century

of

social

change.

Right

into

the

early

20thcentury,

kitchens

were

smoky,

noisy

places,

generally

located

underground,

or

to

the

back

ofthe

house,

and

as

far

from

living

space

as

possible.

That

was

as

it

should

be:

kitchens

were

forservants,

and

the

aspiring

middle

classes

wanted

nothing

to

do

with

them.

But

as

the

working

classes

prospered

and

the

servant

shortage

set

in,

housekeeping

became

amatter

of

interest

to

the

educated

classes.

One

of

the

pioneers

of

a

radical

new

way

of

thinkingabout

the

kitchen

was

Catharine

Esther

Beecher,

sister

of

Harriet

Beecher

Stowe.

In

AmericanWoman's

Home,

published

in

1869,

the

Beecher

sisters

recommended

a

scientific

approach

tohousehold

management,

designed

to

enhance

the

efficiency

of

a

woman's

work

and

promoteorder.

Many

contemporary

ideas

about

kitchen

design

can

be

traced

back

to

another

American,Christine

Frederick,

who

set

about

enhancing

the

efficiency

of

the

housewife.

Her

1919

work,Household

Engineering:

Scientific

Management

in

the

Home,

was

based

on

detailedobservation

of

a

housewife's

daily

routine.

She

borrowed

the

principle

of

efficiency

on

thefactory

floor

and

applied

it

to

domestic

tasks

on

the

kitchen

floor.

Frederick's

central

idea,

that

stove,

sink

and

kitchen

table

must

be

placed

in

such

a

relationthat

useless

steps

are

avoided

entirely",

inspired

the

first

fully

fitted

kitchen,

designed

in

the1920s

by

Margarete

Schütter-Lihotsky.

It

was

a

modernist

triumph,

and

many

elementsremain

central

features

of

today's

kitchen.

51.

What

does

the

author

say

about

the

kitchen

of

today?

A.

It

is

where

housewives

display

their

cooking

skills.

B.

It

is

where

the

family

entertains

important

guests.

C.

It

has

become

something

odd

in

a

modem

house.

D.

It

is

regarded

as

the

center

of

a

modem

home.

52.

Why

does

the

Georgian-style

kitchen

sell

at

a

very

high

price?

A.

It

is

believed

to

have

tremendous

artistic

value.

B.

No

duplicate

is

to

be

found

in

any

other

place.

C.

It

is

manufactured

by

a

famous

British

company.

D.

No

other

manufacturer

can

produce

anything

like

it.

53.

What

does

the

change

in

the

status

of

the

kitchen

reflect?

A.

Improved

living

conditions.

B.

Women's

elevated

status.

C.

Technological

progress.

D.

Social

change.

54.

What

was

the

Beecher

sisters'

idea

of

a

kitchen?

A.

A

place

where

women

could

work

more

efficiently.

B.

A

place

where

high

technology

could

be

applied.

C.

A

place

of

interest

to

the

educated

people.

D.

A

place

to

experiment

with

new

ideas.

55.

What

do

we

learn

about

today's

kitchen?

A.

It

represents

the

rapid

technological

advance

in

people's

daily

life.

B.

Many

of

its

central

features

are

no

different

from

those

of

the

1920s.

C.

It

has

been

transformed

beyond

recognition.

D.

Many

of

its

functions

have

changed

greatly.答案：46[C]【定位】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞

the

use

of

raw

sewage

for

farming

可知是問有關(guān)污水在農(nóng)業(yè)上使用的信息，考察的是考生對整體篇章的理解能力，定位到全文。

【解析】C

項(xiàng)“其利不小于弊”是對第2段“那些健康危險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及社會(huì)效益和經(jīng)濟(jì)奉獻(xiàn)重要”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，符合文意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A

項(xiàng)“其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不能被高估”和

B

項(xiàng)“應(yīng)完全嚴(yán)禁”在原文中無法找到根據(jù)；D

項(xiàng)“正使許多農(nóng)田受到污染”，以原詞

cropland

作干擾，但原文說的是用未經(jīng)處理的污水對大概4900萬英畝農(nóng)田進(jìn)行澆灌和施肥，文中只是說這種做法有健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不能直接得出結(jié)論“這些農(nóng)田被這些污水污染了”，因此

D

項(xiàng)屬過度推測。

47[C]【定位】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞

the

use

of

wastewater

for

irrigation

可定位至第5段。

【解析】本題問詢污水澆灌導(dǎo)致的重要問題,C

項(xiàng)“農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者都也許受到有害細(xì)菌的影響”是對第5段首句的概括，符合文意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A

項(xiàng)“附近的河流和湖泊都將逐漸受到污染”屬過度推斷，原文第4段第2句僅僅提到農(nóng)田的澆灌水重要源于當(dāng)?shù)氐暮恿骰蚝?；原文雖有提及人們用人類排泄物替代化學(xué)肥料，但無法證明

B

項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用污水澆灌會(huì)使化肥產(chǎn)商倒閉”;D

項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用污水澆灌會(huì)減少農(nóng)產(chǎn)品在市場上的競爭力”屬于無中生有。

48[A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的人名

Pay

Drechsel

定位至第5段末句。

【解析】本題考察的是

Pay

Drechsel

對將未經(jīng)處理的人類排泄物用于農(nóng)業(yè)的態(tài)度，原文第5段末句提到他認(rèn)為使用未經(jīng)處理的人類排泄物澆灌農(nóng)田所帶來的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益比其帶來的健康危害重要。闡明他支持這壹做法，A

項(xiàng)“贊同的”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】問詢觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的題目宜采用直選法，考生需精確感知人物觀點(diǎn)。B

項(xiàng)“懷疑的”、C

項(xiàng)“冷漠的”以及

D

項(xiàng)“負(fù)責(zé)的”在文中皆無根據(jù)證明。

49[B]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的人名

Pay

Drechsel

及

the

risks

定位至第6段。

【解析】本題考察的是

Pay

Drechsel

對未經(jīng)處理的人類排泄物用于農(nóng)業(yè)帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的見解，第六段開頭提到這個(gè)問題可以通過教育農(nóng)民和消費(fèi)者來處理,B

項(xiàng)的

dealt

with

是原句

addressed

的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，B

項(xiàng)“可通過教育規(guī)避其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”是對的答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A

項(xiàng)“其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有些被夸張”、C

項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用新科技可使其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最小化”和

D

項(xiàng)“其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可通過改善衛(wèi)生條件來規(guī)避”都不是

Pay

Drechsel

對風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的見解。

50[A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的人名

James

Bartram

定位至最終壹段的最終壹句。

【解析】本題考察的是

James

Bartram

對人類排泄物用于農(nóng)業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)，原文最終他說稍加處理或沒有通過處理的排泄物用于農(nóng)業(yè)是有充足理由的，可見他認(rèn)為將人類排泄物用于農(nóng)業(yè)有其存在的合理性。而從原文第5段可知，Pay

Drechsel

認(rèn)為盡管這種做法有危害，不過它帶來的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益比其危害更重要。因此

A

項(xiàng)“在這個(gè)問題上他和

Pay

Drechsel

的觀點(diǎn)壹致”為對的答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】原文第3段提到

Liqa

Raschid-Sally

認(rèn)為污水澆灌利弊共存，James

Bartram

也只是承認(rèn)了有其存在的合理性而已，因此

B

項(xiàng)“他挑戰(zhàn)

Iiqa

Raschid-Sally

的結(jié)論”錯(cuò)誤。C

項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為這是掙脫目前糧食危機(jī)的唯壹措施”和

D

項(xiàng)“他認(rèn)為這是戰(zhàn)勝全球貧困所必需都不是

James

Bartram

的觀點(diǎn)，故排除。

51[D]【定位】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞

the

kitchen

of

today

定位至第1段末句。

【解析】第1段末句提到廚房已成為現(xiàn)代家居的關(guān)鍵，D

項(xiàng)的

the

center

of

a

modem

home

是原句

theheart

of

the

modern

house

的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，表明

D

項(xiàng)“目前廚房被認(rèn)為是現(xiàn)代家居的關(guān)鍵”為答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】原文第1句提到現(xiàn)代人們不必下廚，因此

A

項(xiàng)“廚房是主婦展示廚藝的場所”與原文意思剛好相反；B

項(xiàng)“廚房是款待重要來賓的場所”在原文中沒有提及；原文提到廚房已成為現(xiàn)代家居的關(guān)鍵的現(xiàn)象很奇怪，而不是說廚房自身奇怪，故排除

C

項(xiàng)。

52[B]【定位】根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞

the

Georgian-style

kitchen

定位至第3段。

【解析】本題考察的是喬治王時(shí)代風(fēng)格的廚房定價(jià)高的原因，第3段末句提到其重要賣點(diǎn)在于絕無僅有，你不會(huì)在世界其他地方見到這種廚房。B

項(xiàng)“不也許在世界其他地方找到復(fù)制品”為答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A

項(xiàng)“聽說有極高的藝術(shù)價(jià)值”在原文中并未提及;C

項(xiàng)“由壹家著名的英國企業(yè)制造”在文中雖有提及，但不是定價(jià)高的原因；D

項(xiàng)“其他的制造商都無法制造類似的廚房”屬于易混淆項(xiàng)，不過原文說的是它的賣點(diǎn)在其他人買不到相似的，至于說制造商能否仿制，我們無法得知。

53[D]【定位】根據(jù)題干中

the

change

in

the

status

of

the

kitchen

定位至第4段第1句。

【解析】本題考察的是廚房地位的變化反應(yīng)了什么，原文第4段第1句講到廚房曾經(jīng)只屬于仆人，而今演變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)代家庭的設(shè)計(jì)展示間，這講述了壹種世紀(jì)的社會(huì)變革,D

項(xiàng)對的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A

項(xiàng)“生活水平提高了”、B

項(xiàng)“女性地位的提高”和

C

項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步”在原文都沒有直接提及，屬于主觀臆測，故均排除。

54[A]【定位】根據(jù)題干中的人名

Beecher

sisters

定位至第5段末句。

【解析】本題考察比徹姊妹對廚房的見解，第5段末句講到比徹姐妹推介了壹種家庭管理的科學(xué)措施，意在提高婦女的工作效率,A

項(xiàng)是對原文意思的高度概括，故為答案。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B

項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為廚房是可以應(yīng)用高科技的場所”無中生有；C

項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為廚房是知識(shí)分子感愛好的場所”，這壹信息雖在第5段首句有提到，但并不是比徹姊妹的見解，而是作者的觀點(diǎn)；第5段第2句提到該姊妹中的壹人以激進(jìn)的新方式對廚房進(jìn)行思索，她思索的是怎樣提高家務(wù)效率，而不是試驗(yàn)新想法，因此

D項(xiàng)“認(rèn)為廚房是試驗(yàn)新想法的場所”錯(cuò)誤。

55[B]【定位】根據(jù)題干可知本題考察的是對文章的整體感知理解能力，定位到全文。

【解析】原文提到20世紀(jì)20年代由瑪格麗特設(shè)計(jì)的第壹種配置齊全的廚房中，許多元素仍然是今曰廚房的中心特色，闡明現(xiàn)代廚房的許多關(guān)鍵特色和20世紀(jì)20年代都具有相似性，因此

B

項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代廚房的許多關(guān)鍵特色和20世紀(jì)20年代相比并無差異”對的。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A

項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代廚房象征人們平常生活中迅速的技術(shù)進(jìn)步”和

C

項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代廚房變得面目全非”在原文中均無提及。D

項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代廚房的許多功能有很大變化”與原文最終壹段末句意思剛好相反。

6月英語六級考試真題試卷附答案和解析(第3套)Directions:

There

are

2

passages

in

this

section.

Each

passage

is

followed

by

some

questionsor

unfinished

statements.

For

each

of

them

there

are

four

choices

marked

A.,

B.,

C.

and

D..You

should

decide

on

the

best

choice

and

mark

the

corresponding

letter

on

Answer

sheet

with

asingle

line

through

the

centre.

Passage

One

Questions

46

to

50

are

based

on

the

following

passage.

Interactive

television

advertising,

which

allows

viewers

to

use

their

remote

controls

to

click

onadvertisements,

has

been

pushed

for

years.

Nearly

a

decade

ago

it

was

predicted

that

viewersof

"Friends",

a

popular

situation

comedy,

would

soon

be

able

to

purchase

a

sweater

likeJennifer

Aniston's

with

a

few

taps

on

their

remote

control."It's

been

the

year

of

interactivetelevision

advertising

for

the

last

ten

or

twelve

years,"

says

Colin

Dixon

of

a

digital-mediaconsultancy.

So

the

news

that

Cablevision,

an

American

cable

company,

was

rolling

out

interactiveadvertisements

to

all

its

customers

on

October

6th

was

greeted

with

some

skepticism.

Duringcommercials,

an

overlay

will

appear

at

the

bottom

of

the

screen,

prompting

viewers

to

press

abutton

to

request

a

free

sample

or

order

a

catalogue.

Cablevision

hopes

to

allow

customers

tobuy

things

with

their

remote

controls

early

next

year.

Television

advertising

could

do

with

a

boost.

Spending

fell

by

10%

in

the

first

half

of

the

year.The

popularization

of

digital

video

recorders

has

caused

advertisers

to

worry

that

theircommercials

will

be

skipped.

Some

are

turning

to

the

Internet,

which

is

cheaper

and

offersconcrete

measurements

like

click-through

rates—especially

important

at

a

time

when

marketingbudgets

are

tight.

With

the

launch

of

interactive

advertising,"many

of

the

dollars

that

went

tothe

Internet

will

come

back

to

the

TV,"

says

David

Kline

of

Cablevision.

Or

so

the

industryhopes.

In

theory,

interactive

advertising

can

engage

viewers

in

a

way

that

30-second

spots

do

notUnilever

recently

ran

an

interactive

campaign

for

its

Axe

deodorant

(除臭劑）,

which

keptviewers

engaged

for

more

than

three

minutes

on

average.

The

amount

spent

on

interactive

advertising

on

television

is

still

small.

Magna,

an

advertisingagency,

reckons

it

will

be

worth

about

$138

million

this

year.

That

falls

far

short

of

the

billions

ofdollars

people

once

expected

it

to

generate.

But

DirecTV,

Comcast

and

Time

Warner

Cablehave

all

invested

in

it.

A

new

effort

led

by

Canoe

Ventures,

a

coalition

of

leading

cable

providers,aims

to

make

interactive

advertising

available

across

America

later

this

year.

BrightLine

iTV,which

designs

and

sells

interactive

ads,

says

interest

has

surged:

it

expects

its

revenues

almostto

triple

this

year.

BSkyB,

Britain's

biggest

satellite-television

service,

already

provides

9

millioncustomers

with

interactive

ads.

Yet

there

are

doubts

whether

people

watching

television,

a

"lean

back"

medium,

craveinteraction.

Click-through

rates

have

been

high

so

far

(aroun