全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）試題

英語（二）試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically.1,atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionsofsuchasocietyhavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpayment“wouldsoonrevolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,”onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughemoneymightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpayment.Second,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthatmanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”—ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuersaccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelsesaccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldataonbuyinghabits.Thereareworriesthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.［A］However［B］Moreover［C］Therefore［D］Otherwise2.［A］off［B］back［C］over［D］around3.［A］power［B］concept［C］history［D］role4.［A］reward［B］resist［C］resume［D］reverse5.［A］silent［B］sudden［C］slow［D］steady6.［A］for［B］against［C］with［D］on7.［A］imaginative［B］expensive［C］sensitive［D］productive8.［A］similar［B］original［C］temporary［D］dominant9.［A］collect［B］provide［C］copy［D］print10.［A］giveup［B］takeover［C］bringback［D］passdown11.［A］before［B］after［C］since［D］when12.［A］kept［B］borrowed［C］released［D］withdrawn13.［A］Unless［B］Until［C］Because［D］Though14.［A］hide［B］express［C］raise［D］ease15.［A］analyzed［B］shared［C］stored［D］displayed16.［A］unsafe［B］unnatural［C］uncommon［D］unclear17.［A］steal［B］choose［C］benefit［D］return18.［A］consideration［B］prevention［C］manipulation［D］justification19.［A］copewith［B］fightagainst［C］adaptto［D］callfor20.［A］chunk［B］chip［C］path［D］trailSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Text1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica,”theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottoncountryaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillhasonlytwoemployeestoday,“amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedog,andthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddleclassincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle.But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwontearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,“Inthe10yearsendingin2009,［U.S.］factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs—about6millionintotal—disappeared.”Therewillalwaysbechanged—newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstoposthighschooleducation.21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate.［A］theimpactoftechnologicaladvances［B］thealleviationofjobpressure［C］theshrinkageoftextilemills［D］thedeclineofmiddleclassincomes22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto.［A］workoncheapsoftware［B］askforamoderatesalary［C］adoptanaveragelifestyle［D］contributesomethingunique23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat.［A］gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased［B］jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed［C］factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore［D］newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis.［A］toacceleratetheI.T.revolution［B］toensuremoreeducationforpeople［C］toadvanceeconomicglobalization［D］topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?［A］NewLawTakesEffect［B］TechnologyGoesCheap［C］AverageIsOver［D］RecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincludedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,andwhowouldmakesomemoneyandgohome.Between1908and1915,about7millionpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexample,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenewcomersintotwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orbrandthemasalienstobekickedout.Thatframeworkhascontributedmightilytoourbrokenimmigrationsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrictdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealthcareaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem.Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes,includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.26.“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho.［A］immigrateacrosstheAtlantic［B］leavetheirhomecountriesforgood［C］stayinaforeigncountrytemporarily［D］findpermanentjobsoverseas27.ItisimpliedinParagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationsystemintheU.S..［A］needsnewimmigrantcategories［B］hasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants［C］shouldbeadaptedtomeetchallenges［D］hasbeenfixedviapoliticalmeans28.Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewant.［A］financialincentives［B］aglobalrecognition［C］opportunitiestogetregularjobs［D］thefreedomtostayandleave29.Theauthorsuggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreated.［A］asfaithfulpartners［B］witheconomicfavors［C］withlegaltolerance［D］asmightyrivals30.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?［A］ComeandGo:BigMistake［B］LivingandThriving:GreatRisk［C］LegalorIllegal:BigMistake［D］WithorWithout:GreatRiskText3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hardwiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehardwiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropenmindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliarentexclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafastfoodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelseweredoing.Subjectsexposedtofastfoodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases—orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”longtermstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamuchlongerevaluation:twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhardwiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogcanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasntchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehighspeedtrend.31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay.［A］varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation［B］provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction［C］dependontheimportanceoftheassessment［D］predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment32.Ourreactiontoafastfoodlogoshowsthatsnapdecisions.［A］canbeassociative［B］arenotunconscious［C］canbedangerous［D］arenotimpulsive33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould.［A］trustourfirstimpression［B］doaspeopleusuallydo［C］thinkbeforeweact［D］askforexpertadvice34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon.［A］criticalassessment［B］“thinsliced”study［C］sensibleexplanation［D］adequateinformation35.Theauthorsattitudetowardreversingthehighspeedtrendis.［A］tolerant［B］uncertain［C］optimistic［D］doubtfulText4Europeisnotagenderequalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamilyfriendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEuropestopcorporategovernancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen—upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.Doweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateladderfairlyastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idontlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“ButIlikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.IunderstandRedingsreluctance—andherfrustration.Idontlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.But,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporationsinEuropeaswellastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotopposition—nomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower—as,forexample,SherySandbergrecentlydidatFacebook—theyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifappropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen—whetherCEOsortheirchildrenscaregivers—andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally.［A］womentakethelead［B］menhavethefinalsay［C］corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed［D］seniormanagementisfamilyfriendly37.TheEuropeanUnionsintendedlegislationis.［A］areflectionofgenderbalance［B］areluctantchoice［C］aresponsetoRedingscall［D］avoluntaryaction38.AccordingtoReding,quotasmayhelpwomen.［A］gettopbusinesspositions［B］seethroughtheglassceiling［C］balanceworkandfamily［D］anticipatelegalresults39.TheauthorsattitudetowardRedingsappealisoneof.［A］skepticism［B］objectiveness［C］indifference［D］approval40.Womenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackof.［A］moresocialjustice［B］massivemediaattention［C］suitablepublicpolicies［D］greater“softpressure”PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.ChoosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelistAGforeachnumberedparagraph(4145).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）［A］Livelikeapeasant［B］Balanceyourdiet［C］Shopkeepersareyourfriends［D］Remembertotreatyourself［E］Sticktowhatyouneed［F］Planningiseverything［G］Wastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingonbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas￡60aweektospend,￡40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning￡130,000ayearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondonsbestrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.“Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndIfeltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatIdlost.Butitsstilladaybydaything.”Nowheslivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.Hesfeelingpositive,buthellcarryonblogging—notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan—“therearesomanypeopleinamuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood”—buteatingwellonabudget.Hereshisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.41.Impulsivespendingisntanoption,soplanyourweeksmenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:itsnotjustcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.Itsalsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,beinghuman,youllsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.42.Thisiswheresupermarketsandtheiranonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,theresnotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanproperly,youllknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightisprepackedinthesupermarketchiller.43.Youmayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer—thatsnotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldeliminatewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyoulldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningto“gooff”willbecookedorjuiced.44.Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfishsellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyoullfeelcomfortableaskingiftheyveanyknucklesofhamforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,theyllletyouhaveforfree.45.Youwontbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant—￡1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou￡21—morethanenoughforathreecourselunchatMichelinstarredArbutus.Its￡16.95there—or￡12.99foralargepizzafromDominos:IknowwhichIdrathereat.SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishtoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.（15points）Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhedayoftheweek.Ivebeenabletodothis,sinceIwas4.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbs.Mymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayneatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateverybodydoes—trytoputittooneside.Idontthinkitsharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoesntmakemyemotionsanymoreacuteorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehospitalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalHairopenedonBroadwayonthesameday—theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIVWritingPartA47.Directions:Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysaleforkidsinneedofhelp.Writeyourclassmatesanemailto1)informthemaboutthedetailsand2)encouragethemtoparticipate.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Dontwriteyouraddress.（10points）PartB48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150words.（15points）某高校學(xué)生兼職情況【2013年試題超精解】1.［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯關(guān)系［解析］此類考題形式表明本題考查上下文之間存在的邏輯關(guān)系，理解上下文并破解其邏輯關(guān)系是解題的關(guān)鍵?？崭袼诰涞纳暇浯笠鉃椋何覀兛赡荞R上就進(jìn)入一個(gè)無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)；而本句大意為：一個(gè)無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不太可能很快出現(xiàn)，由此可見上下文之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。［A］項(xiàng)However意為“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，符合題意；［B］項(xiàng)Moreover意為“而且”，表遞進(jìn)；［C］項(xiàng)Therefore意為“因此”，表結(jié)果；［D］項(xiàng)Otherwise意為“否則”，表對(duì)比。2.［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與介詞辨析［解析］根據(jù)空格所在句中的but可知，本句前后兩個(gè)分句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。第二個(gè)分句大意為：這樣一個(gè)（無現(xiàn)金）社會(huì)的預(yù)言沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以第一個(gè)分句大意應(yīng)該為：這樣的預(yù)言已經(jīng)進(jìn)行（或存在）了二十年。［D］項(xiàng)around作表語，表示“在存在，在使用中”，符合題意。3.［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與名詞辨析［解析］該句大意為：《商業(yè)周刊》于1975年就預(yù)言電子支付“將很快徹底改變金錢的”。在無法猜測(cè)空格所需要詞義的時(shí)候，我們可以采用“代入法”，即：把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別放入句子試驗(yàn)，從而確定正確選項(xiàng)。［A］項(xiàng)power意為“力量，權(quán)利”；［B］項(xiàng)concept意為“理念，概念”；［C］項(xiàng)history意為“歷史”；［D］項(xiàng)role意為“角色”。電子支付將會(huì)改變金錢這一概念，由此可知［B］項(xiàng)符合題意。4.［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義辨析［解析］本句空格之前部分大意為：商業(yè)周刊于1975年就預(yù)言說電子支付“將徹底改變金錢這一概念”，onlyto意為“卻；不料竟會(huì)”，表示結(jié)果出乎意料，itself指代商業(yè)周刊，由此推測(cè)空格中需要“否定”或者“推翻”等類似詞義。［A］項(xiàng)reward意為“獎(jiǎng)賞；報(bào)答”；［B］項(xiàng)resist意為“抵制，抵抗”；［C］項(xiàng)resume意為“重新開始，繼續(xù)”；［D］項(xiàng)reverse意為“推翻；使倒退；逆轉(zhuǎn)”，故［D］符合題意。5.［答案］［C］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與形容詞詞義辨析［解析］上文說明了早在1975年就有預(yù)言說無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)可能即將到來，而作者認(rèn)為實(shí)際上真正的無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不會(huì)馬上到來，并通過事例證明?？崭袼诰渥泳褪翘釂枮槭裁磿?huì)這樣，也就是為什么無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)只可能緩慢到來，所以本題答案為［C］項(xiàng)slow。［A］項(xiàng)silent意為“安靜的，沉默的”；［B］項(xiàng)sudden意為“突然的”；［D］項(xiàng)steady意為“平穩(wěn)的；固定的”，都與題意不符，故［D］排除。6.［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］上下文語義與動(dòng)詞詞組辨析［解析］上一段最后提問“為什么無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)的到來如此緩慢”，本段將分析其原因；同時(shí)，although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句肯定了電子貨幣mightbemoreconvenientandmaybemoreefficient(便捷，高效)，空格所在主句與從句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，意思是說幾個(gè)因素使得紙幣系統(tǒng)不會(huì)消失?？崭裰暗膭?dòng)詞work意為“起作用”；與［B］項(xiàng)構(gòu)成workagainst,意為“違背，妨礙；起反作用”，符合題意；與［C］項(xiàng)構(gòu)成workwith,意為“與……共事，對(duì)……起作用”；與［D］項(xiàng)構(gòu)成workon，意為“從事……工作，對(duì)……起作用”，都不符合題意，排除。7.［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與形容詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在句為紙幣支付“不會(huì)”消失的第一個(gè)原因，同時(shí)，空格中的形容詞是對(duì)tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecommunicationsnetworks（安裝電腦、讀卡器，建立通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的說明。［A］項(xiàng)imaginative意為“富有想象力的”，明顯不符合句意；［B］項(xiàng)expensive意為“昂貴的”，符合句意；［C］項(xiàng)sensitive意為“敏感的，靈感的”，不符合句意；［D］項(xiàng)productive意為“多產(chǎn)的”，不符合句意。8.［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與形容詞詞義辨析［解析］本段探討電子貨幣不能取代紙幣的原因，空格所在句意為“使得電子貨幣成為（什么性質(zhì)的）支付方式”，由此推斷，空格中需要“主流，主要，流行”等類似詞義。［A］項(xiàng)similar意為“相似的”；［B］項(xiàng)original意為“原始的，獨(dú)創(chuàng)的”；［C］項(xiàng)temporary意為“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”，與題意不符，排除。［D］項(xiàng)dominant意為“統(tǒng)治的，處于支配地位的”，符合題意。9.［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與名詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在句是電子貨幣不會(huì)取代紙質(zhì)貨幣的第二個(gè)原因，就是紙質(zhì)支票的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)；能（什么）receipt（收據(jù)，發(fā)票；收入），由此推測(cè)空格中需要“提供”等類似詞義。［A］項(xiàng)collect意為“收集”，與句意不符，排除；［B］項(xiàng)provide意為“提供”，符合句意；［C］項(xiàng)copy意為“復(fù)印”；［D］項(xiàng)print意為“打印”，不符合句意，排除。10.［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞短語解析［解析］空格中動(dòng)詞短語的賓語是something，指代上文的advantage，即：紙質(zhì)支票支付具有能夠提供收據(jù)這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，而這一優(yōu)勢(shì)人們自然是不會(huì)放棄的。由此推測(cè)空格中需要填入意為“放棄”之類的單詞。［A］項(xiàng)giveup意為“放棄”，符合題意；［B］項(xiàng)takeover意為“接管”；［C］項(xiàng)bringback意為“拿回來；回想起”；［D］項(xiàng)passdown意為“使流傳，一代傳一代”，均不符合題意，可排除。11.［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與連接詞辨析［解析］空格中是連接詞，連接兩個(gè)分句，前一分句大意為：需要花幾天，后一分句大意為：紙質(zhì)鈔票兌現(xiàn)；同時(shí)本句最后which引導(dǎo)的定語從句也對(duì)空格所在部分發(fā)生的事情做了解釋：這就意味著可以獲得利息。由此推斷空格所在部分大意為：支票開出幾天后才會(huì)兌現(xiàn)，由此確定本題答案為［A］項(xiàng)before。［注意］...time/times/number/amount/all...before…可視為固定句式，表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間/多少次數(shù)/多少數(shù)量/所有的都……才……”之意。12.［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在部分與acheckiscashed（支票兌現(xiàn)）通過and連接，為并列關(guān)系，語義相近；同時(shí)空格中被動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主語為funds（資金）。由此推斷空格中需要“提取，提款”等類似詞義。［A］項(xiàng)kept意為“保持，保存”；［B］項(xiàng)borrowed意為“借，借款”；［C］項(xiàng)released意為“釋放，發(fā)布”，均不符合題意，可排除。［D］項(xiàng)withdrawn意為“取錢，提款；撤退”，符合題意。13.［答案］［C］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與連接詞辨析［解析］空格所在句子的上一句已經(jīng)說明一個(gè)事實(shí)：theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof“float”,由此推斷electronicpaymentsareimmediate（電子支付是即時(shí)的）是theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer(排除了消費(fèi)者的在途資金)的原因。［A］項(xiàng)Unless意為“除非”，表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系；［B］項(xiàng)Until意為“直到”，表示時(shí)間關(guān)系；［C］項(xiàng)Because意為“因?yàn)?，由于”，表因果關(guān)系，符合題意；［D］項(xiàng)Though意為“然而”，表讓步關(guān)系。14.［答案］［C］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義解析［解析］空格中的動(dòng)詞為本句謂語動(dòng)詞，其主語是electronicmeansofpayment（電子支付方式），賓語是securityandprivacyconcerns（安全及隱私擔(dān)憂）。由此推斷空格中需要“引起”等類似詞義。［A］項(xiàng)hide意為“躲藏；隱瞞”；［B］項(xiàng)express意為“表達(dá)”；［C］項(xiàng)raise意為“引起；抬高；撫養(yǎng)”，符合題意；［D］項(xiàng)ease意為“減輕，緩解”。15.［答案］［C］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義解析［解析］空格之前提到hacker（黑客）能夠進(jìn)入電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫，那么下一個(gè)動(dòng)作就是修改存儲(chǔ)于數(shù)據(jù)庫的信息。［A］項(xiàng)analyzed意為“分析”；［B］項(xiàng)shared意為“分享，共有”；［C］項(xiàng)stored意為“儲(chǔ)存”，符合題意；［D］項(xiàng)displayed意為“陳列，展示”。16.［答案］［C］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與形容詞詞義辨析［解析］上一段最后一句提到我們常常聽到黑客進(jìn)入電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫修改信息的事實(shí)，空格所在句中的this指代這一事實(shí)；同時(shí)，本句表示肯定，而前面又出現(xiàn)了否定詞，所以要用雙重否定，選填詞匯意思應(yīng)為不普遍的。［A］項(xiàng)unsafe意為“不安全的”；［B］項(xiàng)unnatural意為“不自然的”；［C］項(xiàng)uncommon意為“不是普遍的”，符合題意。［D］項(xiàng)unclear意為“不清楚的”。17.［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞詞義辨析［解析］空格中動(dòng)詞與accessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystems(進(jìn)入電子支付系統(tǒng)的銀行賬戶)是并列謂語，其主語是dishonestpersons（不誠實(shí)的人們），由此可以推斷他們進(jìn)入銀行賬戶的下一個(gè)動(dòng)作就是“偷竊”。［A］項(xiàng)steal意為“偷盜，偷竊”，符合題意；［B］項(xiàng)choose意為“挑選”；［C］項(xiàng)benefit意為“收益，有利于”；［D］項(xiàng)return意為“歸還，返回”。18.［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］上下文邏輯與名詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在句中的thistypeoffraud（這種詐騙）指代上文進(jìn)入銀行賬戶盜取他人資金的行為，結(jié)合空格之后的noeasytask（并非易事）可以推斷空格中需要“解決，應(yīng)對(duì)”或“預(yù)防”等類似詞義。［A］項(xiàng)consideration意為“考慮”；［B］項(xiàng)prevention意為“阻止，防止”，符合題意；［C］項(xiàng)manipulation意為“操縱”；［D］項(xiàng)justification意為“正當(dāng)理由”。19.［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與動(dòng)詞短語辨析［解析］空格所在句子用and與上句連接，是并列關(guān)系，上句提到預(yù)防此類詐騙并非易事，本句大意為：計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的一個(gè)嶄新領(lǐng)域正在發(fā)展，由此推斷其目的便是解決這個(gè)問題。［A］項(xiàng)copewith意為“妥善處理，解決”，符合題意；［B］項(xiàng)fightagainst意為“反對(duì)”；［C］項(xiàng)adaptto意為“適應(yīng)”；［D］項(xiàng)callfor意為“需要，需求”。20.［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］句內(nèi)語義理解與名詞詞義辨析［解析］空格所在句子指出了人們對(duì)電子支付的另一個(gè)擔(dān)憂：電子支付會(huì)留下電子形式的痕跡，其中包括大量有關(guān)個(gè)人購物習(xí)慣的信息。［A］項(xiàng)chunk意為“厚塊,大塊”；［B］項(xiàng)chip意為“芯片；薯?xiàng)l”；［C］項(xiàng)path意為“小路，路”；［D］項(xiàng)trail意為“痕跡，蹤跡”，符合題意?！救姆g】想到電子貨幣的種種優(yōu)勢(shì)，你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為我們會(huì)很快進(jìn)入無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，在這里，所有支付都以電子形式完成。然而，真正意義上的無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)不會(huì)很快到來。的確，早在二十年前就出現(xiàn)了無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)的預(yù)言，但是至今仍沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。例如，《商業(yè)周刊》于1975年就預(yù)言說電子支付形式將很快徹底改變金錢本身的概念，而結(jié)果卻是幾年后推翻了自己的預(yù)言。為什么進(jìn)入無現(xiàn)金社會(huì)的過程這么緩慢呢？盡管比起紙質(zhì)貨幣支付系統(tǒng)，電子支付更便捷、更高效，然而幾個(gè)因素使得紙幣支付系統(tǒng)不會(huì)消失。首先，要使電子貨幣成為主流支付方式，就必須安裝電腦和讀卡器并建立通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這是非常昂貴的；第二，紙質(zhì)支票的優(yōu)勢(shì)是它能提供憑證，而很多顧客不愿放棄憑證；第三，使用紙質(zhì)支票，顧客就有幾日的在途資金，也就是說：要過幾天支票才兌現(xiàn)，賬戶中的資金才被提取，這就意味著寫支票的人可以得到幾日的利息。由于電子支付時(shí)是即時(shí)的，就排除了顧客的在途資金；第四，電子支付可能會(huì)引起人們對(duì)安全和隱私問題的擔(dān)憂。我們經(jīng)常聽到這樣的媒體報(bào)道：黑客未經(jīng)授權(quán)就能夠進(jìn)入電腦數(shù)據(jù)庫，篡改其中存儲(chǔ)的信息。此類事件的發(fā)生并非異常，這就意味著不誠實(shí)的人會(huì)進(jìn)入電子支付系統(tǒng)的賬戶，從他人賬戶中盜走資金。預(yù)防此類詐騙行為并非易事，計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)的一個(gè)新領(lǐng)域正在發(fā)展，試圖解決這一難題。人們對(duì)電子支付形式的另一種擔(dān)憂是電子支付方式會(huì)留下一些痕跡，其中包含大量有關(guān)個(gè)人購物習(xí)慣的信息。人們擔(dān)憂政府部門、雇主、銷售人員可以獲取這些信息，進(jìn)而侵犯?jìng)€(gè)人隱私。21.［答案］［A］［考點(diǎn)］例證題［正確項(xiàng)精解］例證題的解題思路是：先找到事例，如果事例出現(xiàn)在文章開頭，其作用往往是引出主題或闡明觀點(diǎn)；如果事例出現(xiàn)在行文之中，其作用是為了證明某一觀點(diǎn)。本題中的joke出現(xiàn)在文章開頭，其作用首先是引出文章主題，但是也有證明觀點(diǎn)的作用。閱讀得知，第一段全段都是joke的內(nèi)容，于是要證明的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在第二段，閱讀第二段得知本段便是joke所要闡明的觀點(diǎn)，其大意為：高失業(yè)率和中產(chǎn)階層收入下降的一個(gè)原因是全球化和信息技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。由此確定［A］為本題答案。是對(duì)該句內(nèi)容的“概括和同義替換”。［干擾項(xiàng)分析］［B］就業(yè)壓力的緩解，與本文談?wù)撛掝}相反，屬于“正反混淆”；［C］紡織廠規(guī)模的縮減，與文章內(nèi)容無關(guān)，屬于“無中生有”，［D］中產(chǎn)階級(jí)收入減少，不是文章談?wù)摰闹攸c(diǎn)，文章重在談?wù)撛斐芍挟a(chǎn)階級(jí)收入減少的原因（技術(shù)進(jìn)步的影響），屬于“偷換概念”。22.［答案］［D］［考點(diǎn)］細(xì)節(jié)題［正確項(xiàng)精解］限定在第三段。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞tobeasuccessfulemployee,精確定位到文章第三段的最后一句Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra—theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment，其中，standout(突出)對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的tobesuccessful,由此理解到要成為成功的員工，everyoneneedstofindtheirextra（人人都需要找到自己超常的價(jià)值），也就是說theiruniquevaluecontribution（他們獨(dú)特的貢獻(xiàn)）。［D］項(xiàng)中的contributesomethingunique是對(duì)theiruniquevaluecontribution的同義改寫，為本題的答案。屬于“同義替換”。［干擾項(xiàng)分析］［A］項(xiàng)的干擾來自于第三段:Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.文中意思是，雇主（employer）可以購買到便宜的軟件，而不是說員工（employee）的情況，屬于“偷換概念”。［B］項(xiàng)amoderatesalary在文中沒有相關(guān)信息，屬于“無中生有”。［C］項(xiàng)的干擾來自第三段第一句Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob，couldearnanaveragelifestyle.（過去，掌握一般技術(shù)，從事一般性工作的人可以通過勞動(dòng)過上普通的正常生活。）顯然文中是說過去平庸的人可以過上一般的生活，而［C］項(xiàng)將anaveragelifestyle安插在successfulemployee身上，屬于“張冠李戴”。23.［答案］［B］［考點(diǎn)］例證題［正確項(xiàng)精解］本題中的quotation出現(xiàn)在第四段，屬于文中引用（舉例），