國際法條文 英文版

INTERNATIONALLAW

TOC\o"1-3"\h\u

22618

PARTI

1

14274

PARTII

2

29924

PARTIII

9

22368

PARTIV

12

7798

PARTV

14

2303

PARTVI

21

10162

PARTVII

24

6051

PARTVIII

32

28387

PARTIX

32

4693

PARTX

32

4380

PARTXI

34

27493

PARTXII

56

25315

PARTXIII

67

2764

PARTXIV

73

17303

PARTXV

76

13458

PARTXVI

82

18620

PARTXVII

83

27488

FINALPROVISIONS

83

PARTI

INTRODUCTION

Article1

Useoftermsandscope

1.ForthepurposesofthisConvention:

(1)"Area"meanstheseabedandoceanfloorandsubsoilthereof,beyondthelimitsofnationaljurisdiction;

(2)"Authority"meanstheInternationalSeabedAuthority;

(3)"activitiesintheArea"meansallactivitiesofexplorationfor,andexploitationof,theresourcesoftheArea;

(4)"pollutionofthemarineenvironment"meanstheintroductionbyman,directlyorindirectly,ofsubstancesorenergyintothemarineenvironment,includingestuaries,whichresultsorislikelytoresultinsuchdeleteriouseffectsasharmtolivingresourcesandmarinelife,hazardstohumanhealth,hindrancetomarineactivities,includingfishingandotherlegitimateusesofthesea,impairmentofqualityforuseofseawaterandreductionofamenities;

(5)(a)"dumping"means:

(i)anydeliberatedisposalofwastesorothermatterfromvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea;

(ii)anydeliberatedisposalofvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea;

(b)"dumping"doesnotinclude:

(i)thedisposalofwastesorothermatterincidentalto,orderivedfromthenormaloperationsofvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatseaandtheirequipment,otherthanwastesorothermattertransportedbyortovessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea,operatingforthepurposeofdisposalofsuchmatterorderivedfromthetreatmentofsuchwastesorothermatteronsuchvessels,aircraft,platformsorstructures;

(ii)placementofmatterforapurposeotherthanthemeredisposalthereof,providedthatsuchplacementisnotcontrarytotheaimsofthisConvention.

2.(1)"StatesParties"meansStateswhichhaveconsentedtobeboundbythisConventionandforwhichthisConventionisinforce.

(2)ThisConventionappliesmutatismutandistotheentitiesreferredtoinarticle305,paragraphl(b),(c),(d),(e)and(f),whichbecomePartiestothisConventioninaccordancewiththeconditionsrelevanttoeach,andtothatextent"StatesParties"referstothoseentities.

PARTII

TERRITORIALSEAANDCONTIGUOUSZONE

SECTION1.GENERALPROVISIONS

Article2

Legalstatusoftheterritorialsea,oftheairspace

overtheterritorialseaandofitsbedandsubsoil

1.ThesovereigntyofacoastalStateextends,beyonditslandterritoryandinternalwatersand,inthecaseofanarchipelagicState,itsarchipelagicwaters,toanadjacentbeltofsea,describedastheterritorialsea.

2.Thissovereigntyextendstotheairspaceovertheterritorialseaaswellastoitsbedandsubsoil.

3.ThesovereigntyovertheterritorialseaisexercisedsubjecttothisConventionandtootherrulesofinternationallaw.

SECTION2.LIMITSOFTHETERRITORIALSEA

Article3

Breadthoftheterritorialsea

EveryStatehastherighttoestablishthebreadthofitsterritorialseauptoalimitnotexceeding12nauticalmiles,measuredfrombaselinesdeterminedinaccordancewiththisConvention.

Article4

Outerlimitoftheterritorialsea

Theouterlimitoftheterritorialseaisthelineeverypointofwhichisatadistancefromthenearestpointofthebaselineequaltothebreadthoftheterritorialsea.

Article5

Normalbaseline

ExceptwhereotherwiseprovidedinthisConvention,thenormalbaselineformeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialseaisthelow-waterlinealongthecoastasmarkedonlarge-scalechartsofficiallyrecognizedbythecoastalState.

Article6

Reefs

Inthecaseofislandssituatedonatollsorofislandshavingfringingreefs,thebaselineformeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialseaistheseawardlow-waterlineofthereef,asshownbytheappropriatesymbolonchartsofficiallyrecognizedbythecoastalState.

Article7

Straightbaselines

1.Inlocalitieswherethecoastlineisdeeplyindentedandcutinto,orifthereisafringeofislandsalongthecoastinitsimmediatevicinity,themethodofstraightbaselinesjoiningappropriatepointsmaybeemployedindrawingthebaselinefromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured.

2.Wherebecauseofthepresenceofadeltaandothernaturalconditionsthecoastlineishighlyunstable,theappropriatepointsmaybeselectedalongthefurthestseawardextentofthelow-waterlineand,notwithstandingsubsequentregressionofthelow-waterline,thestraightbaselinesshallremaineffectiveuntilchangedbythecoastalStateinaccordancewiththisConvention.

3.Thedrawingofstraightbaselinesmustnotdeparttoanyappreciableextentfromthegeneraldirectionofthecoast,andtheseaareaslyingwithinthelinesmustbesufficientlycloselylinkedtothelanddomaintobesubjecttotheregimeofinternalwaters.

4.Straightbaselinesshallnotbedrawntoandfromlow-tideelevations,unlesslighthousesorsimilarinstallationswhicharepermanentlyabovesealevelhavebeenbuiltonthemorexceptininstanceswherethedrawingofbaselinestoandfromsuchelevationshasreceivedgeneralinternationalrecognition.

5.Wherethemethodofstraightbaselinesisapplicableunderparagraph1,accountmaybetaken,indeterminingparticularbaselines,ofeconomicinterestspeculiartotheregionconcerned,therealityandtheimportanceofwhichareclearlyevidencedbylongusage.

6.ThesystemofstraightbaselinesmaynotbeappliedbyaStateinsuchamannerastocutofftheterritorialseaofanotherStatefromthehighseasoranexclusiveeconomiczone.

Article8

Internalwaters

1.ExceptasprovidedinPartIV,watersonthelandwardsideofthebaselineoftheterritorialseaformpartoftheinternalwatersoftheState.

2.Wheretheestablishmentofastraightbaselineinaccordancewiththemethodsetforthinarticle7hastheeffectofenclosingasinternalwatersareaswhichhadnotpreviouslybeenconsideredassuch,arightofinnocentpassageasprovidedinthisConventionshallexistinthosewaters.

Article9

Mouthsofrivers

Ifariverflowsdirectlyintothesea,thebaselineshallbeastraightlineacrossthemouthoftheriverbetweenpointsonthelow-waterlineofitsbanks.

Article10

Bays

1.ThisarticlerelatesonlytobaysthecoastsofwhichbelongtoasingleState.

2.ForthepurposesofthisConvention,abayisawell-markedindentationwhosepenetrationisinsuchproportiontothewidthofitsmouthastocontainland-lockedwatersandconstitutemorethanamerecurvatureofthecoast.Anindentationshallnot,however,beregardedasabayunlessitsareaisaslargeas,orlargerthan,thatofthesemi-circlewhosediameterisalinedrawnacrossthemouthofthatindentation.

3.Forthepurposeofmeasurement,theareaofanindentationisthatlyingbetweenthelow-watermarkaroundtheshoreoftheindentationandalinejoiningthelow-watermarkofitsnaturalentrancepoints.Where,becauseofthepresenceofislands,anindentationhasmorethanonemouth,thesemi-circleshallbedrawnonalineaslongasthesumtotalofthelengthsofthelinesacrossthedifferentmouths.Islandswithinanindentationshallbeincludedasiftheywerepartofthewaterareaoftheindentation.

4.Ifthedistancebetweenthelow-watermarksofthenaturalentrancepointsofabaydoesnotexceed24nauticalmiles,aclosinglinemaybedrawnbetweenthesetwolow-watermarks,andthewatersenclosedtherebyshallbeconsideredasinternalwaters.

5.Wherethedistancebetweenthelow-watermarksofthenaturalentrancepointsofabayexceeds24nauticalmiles,astraightbaselineof24nauticalmilesshallbedrawnwithinthebayinsuchamannerastoenclosethemaximumareaofwaterthatispossiblewithalineofthatlength.

6.Theforegoingprovisionsdonotapplytoso-called"historic"bays,orinanycasewherethesystemofstraightbaselinesprovidedforinarticle7isapplied.

Article11

Ports

Forthepurposeofdelimitingtheterritorialsea,theoutermostpermanentharbourworkswhichformanintegralpartoftheharboursystemareregardedasformingpartofthecoast.Off-shoreinstallationsandartificialislandsshallnotbeconsideredaspermanentharbourworks.

Article12

Roadsteads

Roadsteadswhicharenormallyusedfortheloading,unloadingandanchoringofships,andwhichwouldotherwisebesituatedwhollyorpartlyoutsidetheouterlimitoftheterritorialsea,areincludedintheterritorialsea.

Article13

Low-tideelevations

1.Alow-tideelevationisanaturallyformedareaoflandwhichissurroundedbyandabovewateratlowtidebutsubmergedathightide.Wherealow-tideelevationissituatedwhollyorpartlyatadistancenotexceedingthebreadthoftheterritorialseafromthemainlandoranisland,thelow-waterlineonthatelevationmaybeusedasthebaselineformeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialsea.

2.Wherealow-tideelevationiswhollysituatedatadistanceexceedingthebreadthoftheterritorialseafromthemainlandoranisland,ithasnoterritorialseaofitsown.

Article14

Combinationofmethodsfordeterminingbaselines

ThecoastalStatemaydeterminebaselinesinturnbyanyofthemethodsprovidedforintheforegoingarticlestosuitdifferentconditions.

Article15

DelimitationoftheterritorialseabetweenStates

withoppositeoradjacentcoasts

WherethecoastsoftwoStatesareoppositeoradjacenttoeachother,neitherofthetwoStatesisentitled,failingagreementbetweenthemtothecontrary,toextenditsterritorialseabeyondthemedianlineeverypointofwhichisequidistantfromthenearestpointsonthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseasofeachofthetwoStatesismeasured.Theaboveprovisiondoesnotapply,however,whereitisnecessarybyreasonofhistorictitleorotherspecialcircumstancestodelimittheterritorialseasofthetwoStatesinawaywhichisatvariancetherewith.

Article16

Chartsandlistsofgeographicalcoordinates

1.Thebaselinesformeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialseadeterminedinaccordancewitharticles7,9and10,orthelimitsderivedtherefrom,andthelinesofdelimitationdrawninaccordancewitharticles12and15shallbeshownonchartsofascaleorscalesadequateforascertainingtheirposition.Alternatively,alistofgeographicalcoordinatesofpoints,specifyingthegeodeticdatum,maybesubstituted.

2.ThecoastalStateshallgiveduepublicitytosuchchartsorlistsofgeographicalcoordinatesandshalldepositacopyofeachsuchchartorlistwiththeSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations.

SECTION3.INNOCENTPASSAGEINTHETERRITORIALSEA

SUBSECTIONA.RULESAPPLICABLETOALLSHIPS

Article17

Rightofinnocentpassage

SubjecttothisConvention,shipsofallStates,whethercoastalorland-locked,enjoytherightofinnocentpassagethroughtheterritorialsea.

Article18

Meaningofpassage

1.Passagemeansnavigationthroughtheterritorialseaforthepurposeof:

(a)traversingthatseawithoutenteringinternalwatersorcallingataroadsteadorportfacilityoutsideinternalwaters;or

(b)proceedingtoorfrominternalwatersoracallatsuchroadsteadorportfacility.

2.Passageshallbecontinuousandexpeditious.However,passageincludesstoppingandanchoring,butonlyinsofarasthesameareincidentaltoordinarynavigationorarerenderednecessarybyforcemajeureordistressorforthepurposeofrenderingassistancetopersons,shipsoraircraftindangerordistress.

Article19

Meaningofinnocentpassage

1.Passageisinnocentsolongasitisnotprejudicialtothepeace,goodorderorsecurityofthecoastalState.SuchpassageshalltakeplaceinconformitywiththisConventionandwithotherrulesofinternationallaw.

2.Passageofaforeignshipshallbeconsideredtobeprejudicialtothepeace,goodorderorsecurityofthecoastalStateifintheterritorialseaitengagesinanyofthefollowingactivities:

(a)anythreatoruseofforceagainstthesovereignty,territorialintegrityorpoliticalindependenceofthecoastalState,orinanyothermannerinviolationoftheprinciplesofinternationallawembodiedintheCharteroftheUnitedNations;

(b)anyexerciseorpracticewithweaponsofanykind;

(c)anyactaimedatcollectinginformationtotheprejudiceofthedefenceorsecurityofthecoastalState;

(d)anyactofpropagandaaimedataffectingthedefenceorsecurityofthecoastalState;

(e)thelaunching,landingortakingonboardofanyaircraft;

(f)thelaunching,landingortakingonboardofanymilitarydevice;

(g)theloadingorunloadingofanycommodity,currencyorpersoncontrarytothecustoms,fiscal,immigrationorsanitarylawsandregulationsofthecoastalState;

(h)anyactofwilfulandseriouspollutioncontrarytothisConvention;

(i)anyfishingactivities;

(j)thecarryingoutofresearchorsurveyactivities;

(k)anyactaimedatinterferingwithanysystemsofcommunicationoranyotherfacilitiesorinstallationsofthecoastalState;

(l)anyotheractivitynothavingadirectbearingonpassage.

Article20

Submarinesandotherunderwatervehicles

Intheterritorialsea,submarinesandotherunderwatervehiclesarerequiredtonavigateonthesurfaceandtoshowtheirflag.

Article21

LawsandregulationsofthecoastalStaterelatingtoinnocentpassage

1.ThecoastalStatemayadoptlawsandregulations,inconformitywiththeprovisionsofthisConventionandotherrulesofinternationallaw,relatingtoinnocentpassagethroughtheterritorialsea,inrespectofalloranyofthefollowing:

(a)thesafetyofnavigationandtheregulationofmaritimetraffic;

(b)theprotectionofnavigationalaidsandfacilitiesandotherfacilitiesorinstallations;

(c)theprotectionofcablesandpipelines;

(d)theconservationofthelivingresourcesofthesea;

(e)thepreventionofinfringementofthefisherieslawsandregulationsofthecoastalState;

(f)thepreservationoftheenvironmentofthecoastalStateandtheprevention,reductionandcontrolofpollutionthereof;

(g)marinescientificresearchandhydrographicsurveys;

(h)thepreventionofinfringementofthecustoms,fiscal,immigrationorsanitarylawsandregulationsofthecoastalState.

2.Suchlawsandregulationsshallnotapplytothedesign,construction,manningorequipmentofforeignshipsunlesstheyaregivingeffecttogenerallyacceptedinternationalrulesorstandards.

3.ThecoastalStateshallgiveduepublicitytoallsuchlawsandregulations.

4.Foreignshipsexercisingtherightofinnocentpassagethroughtheterritorialseashallcomplywithallsuchlawsandregulationsandallgenerallyacceptedinternationalregulationsrelatingtothepreventionofcollisionsatsea.

Article22

Sealanesandtrafficseparationschemesintheterritorialsea

1.ThecoastalStatemay,wherenecessaryhavingregardtothesafetyofnavigation,requireforeignshipsexercisingtherightofinnocentpassagethroughitsterritorialseatousesuchsealanesandtrafficseparationschemesasitmaydesignateorprescribefortheregulationofthepassageofships.

2.Inparticular,tankers,nuclear-poweredshipsandshipscarryingnuclearorotherinherentlydangerousornoxioussubstancesormaterialsmayberequiredtoconfinetheirpassagetosuchsealanes.

3.Inthedesignationofsealanesandtheprescriptionoftrafficseparationschemesunderthisarticle,thecoastalStateshalltakeintoaccount:

(a)therecommendationsofthecompetentinternationalorganization;

(b)anychannelscustomarilyusedforinternationalnavigation;

(c)thespecialcharacteristicsofparticularshipsandchannels;and

(d)thedensityoftraffic.

4.ThecoastalStateshallclearlyindicatesuchsealanesandtrafficseparationschemesonchartstowhichduepublicityshallbegiven.

Article23

Foreignnuclear-poweredshipsandshipscarryingnuclear

orotherinherentlydangerousornoxioussubstances

Foreignnuclear-poweredshipsandshipscarryingnuclearorotherinherentlydangerousornoxioussubstancesshall,whenexercisingtherightofinnocentpassagethroughtheterritorialsea,carrydocumentsandobservespecialprecautionarymeasuresestablishedforsuchshipsbyinternationalagreements.

Article24

DutiesofthecoastalState

1.ThecoastalStateshallnothampertheinnocentpassageofforeignshipsthroughtheterritorialseaexceptinaccordancewiththisConvention.Inparticular,intheapplicationofthisConventionorofanylawsorregulationsadoptedinconformitywiththisConvention,thecoastalStateshallnot:

(a)imposerequirementsonforeignshipswhichhavethepracticaleffectofdenyingorimpairingtherightofinnocentpassage;or

(b)discriminateinformorinfactagainsttheshipsofanyStateoragainstshipscarryingcargoesto,fromoronbehalfofanyState.

2.ThecoastalStateshallgiveappropriatepublicitytoanydangertonavigation,ofwhichithasknowledge,withinitsterritorialsea.

Article25

RightsofprotectionofthecoastalState

1.ThecoastalStatemaytakethenecessarystepsinitsterritorialseatopreventpassagewhichisnotinnocent.

2.Inthecaseofshipsproceedingtointernalwatersoracallataportfacilityoutsideinternalwaters,thecoastalStatealsohastherighttotakethenecessarystepstopreventanybreachoftheconditionstowhichadmissionofthoseshipstointernalwatersorsuchacallissubject.

3.ThecoastalStatemay,withoutdiscriminationinformorinfactamongforeignships,suspendtemporarilyinspecifiedareasofitsterritorialseatheinnocentpassageofforeignshipsifsuchsuspensionisessentialfortheprotectionofitssecurity,includingweaponsexercises.Suchsuspensionshalltakeeffectonlyafterhavingbeendulypublished.

Article26

Chargeswhichmaybelevieduponforeignships

1.Nochargemaybelevieduponforeignshipsbyreasononlyoftheirpassagethroughtheterritorialsea.

2.Chargesmaybelevieduponaforeignshippassingthroughtheterritorialseaaspaymentonlyforspecificservicesrenderedtotheship.Thesechargesshallbeleviedwithoutdiscrimination.

SUBSECTIONB.RULESAPPLICABLETO

MERCHANTSHIPSANDGOVERNMENTSHIPS

OPERATEDFORCOMMERCIALPURPOSES

Article27

Criminaljurisdictiononboardaforeignship

1.ThecriminaljurisdictionofthecoastalStateshouldnotbeexercisedonboardaforeignshippassingthroughtheterritorialseatoarrestanypersonortoconductanyinvestigationinconnectionwithanycrimecommittedonboardtheshipduringitspassage,saveonlyinthefollowingcases:

(a)iftheconsequencesofthecrimeextendtothecoastalState;

(b)ifthecrimeisofakindtodisturbthepeaceofthecountryorthegoodorderoftheterritorialsea;

(c)iftheassistanceofthelocalauthoritieshasbeenrequestedbythemasteroftheshiporbyadiplomaticagentorconsularofficeroftheflagState;or

(d)ifsuchmeasuresarenecessaryforthesuppressionofillicittrafficinnarcoticdrugsorpsychotropicsubstances.

2.TheaboveprovisionsdonotaffecttherightofthecoastalStatetotakeanystepsauthorizedbyitslawsforthepurposeofanarrestorinvestigationonboardaforeignshippassingthroughtheterritorialseaafterleavinginternalwaters.

3.Inthecasesprovidedforinparagraphs1and2,thecoastalStateshall,ifthemastersorequests,notifyadiplomaticagentorconsularofficeroftheflagStatebeforetakinganysteps,andshallfacilitatecontactbetweensuchagentorofficerandtheship'screw.Incasesofemergencythisnotificationmaybecommunicatedwhilethemeasuresarebeingtaken.

4.Inconsideringwhetherorinwhatmanneranarrestshouldbemade,thelocalauthoritiesshallhavedueregardtotheinterestsofnavigation.

5.ExceptasprovidedinPartXIIorwithrespecttoviolationsoflawsandregulationsadoptedinaccordancewithPartV,thecoastalStatemaynottakeanystepsonboardaforeignshippassingthroughtheterritorialseatoarrestanypersonortoconductanyinvestigationinconnectionwithanycrimecommittedbeforetheshipenteredtheterritorialsea,iftheship,proceedingfromaforeignport,isonlypassingthroughtheterritorialseawithoutenteringinternalwaters.

Article28

Civiljurisdictioninrelationtoforeignships

1.ThecoastalStateshouldnotstopordivertaforeignshippassingthroughtheterritorialseaforthepurposeofexercisingciviljurisdictioninrelationtoapersononboardtheship.

2.ThecoastalStatemaynotlevyexecutionagainstorarresttheshipforthepurposeofanycivilproceedings,saveonlyinrespectofobligationsorliabilitiesassumedorincurredbytheshipitselfinthecourseorforthepurposeofitsvoyagethroughthewatersofthecoastalState.

3.Paragraph2iswithoutprejudicetotherightofthecoastalState,inaccordancewithitslaws,tolevyexecutionagainstortoarrest,forthepurposeofanycivilproceedings,aforeignshiplyingintheterritorialsea,orpassingthroughtheterritorialseaafterleavinginternalwaters.

SUBSECTIONC.RULESAPPLICABLETO

WARSHIPSANDOTHERGOVERNMENTSHIPS

OPERATEDFORNON-COMMERCIALPURPOSES

Article29

Definitionofwarships

ForthepurposesofthisConvention,"warship"meansashipbelongingtothearmedforcesofaStatebearingtheexternalmarksdistinguishingsuchshipsofitsnationality,underthecommandofanofficerdulycommissionedbythegovernmentoftheStateandwhosenameappearsintheappropriateservicelistoritsequivalent,andmannedbyacrewwhichisunderregulararmedforcesdiscipline.

Article30

Non-compliancebywarshipswiththelawsandregulations

ofthecoastalState

IfanywarshipdoesnotcomplywiththelawsandregulationsofthecoastalStateconcerningpassagethroughtheterritorialseaanddisregardsanyrequestforcompliancetherewithwhichismadetoit,thecoastalStatemayrequireittoleavetheterritorialseaimmediately.

Article31

ResponsibilityoftheflagStatefordamagecausedbyawarship

orothergovernmentshipoperatedfornon-commercialpurposes

TheflagStateshallbearinternationalresponsibilityforanylossordamagetothecoastalStateresultingfromthenon-compliancebyawarshiporothergovernmentshipoperatedfornon-commercialpurposeswiththelawsandregulationsofthecoastalStateconcerningpassagethroughtheterritorialseaorwiththeprovisionsofthisConventionorotherrulesofinternationallaw.

Article32

Immunitiesofwarshipsandothergovernmentships

operatedfornon-commercialpurposes

WithsuchexceptionsasarecontainedinsubsectionAandinarticles30and31,nothinginthisConventionaffectstheimmunitiesofwarshipsandothergovernmentshipsoperatedfornon-commercialpurposes.

SECTION4.CONTIGUOUSZONE

Article33

Contiguouszone

1.Inazonecontiguoustoitsterritorialsea,describedasthecontiguouszone,thecoastalStatemayexercisethecontrolnecessaryto:

(a)preventinfringementofitscustoms,fiscal,immigrationorsanitarylawsandregulationswithinitsterritoryorterritorialsea;

(b)punishinfringementoftheabovelawsandregulationscommittedwithinitsterritoryorterritorialsea.

2.Thecontiguouszonemaynotextendbeyond24nauticalmilesfromthebaselinesfromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorialseaismeasured.

PARTIII

STRAITSUSEDFORINTERNATIONALNAVIGATION

SECTION1.GENERALPROVISIONS

Article34

Legalstatusofwatersformingstraitsusedforinternationalnavigation

1.TheregimeofpassagethroughstraitsusedforinternationalnavigationestablishedinthisPartshallnotinotherrespectsaffectthelegalstatusofthewatersformingsuchstraitsortheexercisebytheStatesborderingthestraitsoftheirsovereigntyorjurisdictionoversuchwatersandtheirairspace,bedandsubsoil.

2.ThesovereigntyorjurisdictionoftheStatesborderingthestraitsisexercisedsubjecttothisPartandtootherrulesofinternationallaw.

Article35

ScopeofthisPart

NothinginthisPartaffects:

(a)anyareasofinternalwaterswithinastrait,exceptwheretheestablishmentofastraightbaselineinaccordancewiththemethodsetforthinarticle7hastheeffectofenclosingasinternalwatersareaswhichhadnotpreviouslybeenconsideredassuch;

(b)thelegalstatusofthewatersbeyondtheterritorialseasofStatesborderingstraitsasexclusiveeconomiczonesorhighseas;or

(c)thelegalregimeinstraitsinwhichpassageisregulatedinwholeorinpartbylong-standinginternationalconventionsinforcespecificallyrelatingtosuchstraits.

Article36

Highseasroutesorroutesthroughexclusiveeconomiczones

throughstraitsusedforinternationalnavigation

ThisPartdoesnotapplytoastraitusedforinternationalnavigationifthereexiststhroughthestraitaroutethroughthehighseasorthroughanexclusiveeconomiczoneofsimilarconveniencewithrespecttonavigationalandhydrographicalcharacteristics;insuchroutes,theotherrelevantPartsofthisConvention,includingtheprovisionsregardingthefreedomsofnavigationandoverflight,apply.

SECTION2.TRANSITPASSAGE

Article37

Scopeofthissection

Thissectionappliestostraitswhichareusedforinternationalnavigationbetweenonepartofthehighseasoranexclusiveeconomiczoneandanotherpartofthehighseasoranexclusiveeconomiczone.

Article38

Rightoftransitpassage

1.Instraitsreferredtoinarticle37,allshipsandaircraftenjoytherightoftransitpassage,whichshallnotbeimpeded;exceptthat,ifthestraitisformedbyanislandofaStateborderingthestraitanditsmainland,transitpassageshallnotapplyifthereexistsseawardoftheislandaroutethroughthehighseasorthroughanexclusiveeconomiczoneofsimilarconveniencewithrespecttonavigationalandhydrographicalcharacteristics.

2.TransitpassagemeanstheexerciseinaccordancewiththisPartofthefreedomofnavigationandoverflightsolelyforthepurposeofcontinuousandexpeditioustransitofthestraitbetweenonepartofthehighseasoranexclusiveeconomiczoneandano