DB43-T 2419-2022紫山藥種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS67.080

CCSB31

43

湖南省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DB43/T2419—2022

紫山藥種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

Codeofpracticeforproductionofpurpleyam

2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實(shí)施

湖南省市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2419—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5品種選擇···············································································································1

6整地施基肥············································································································2

7定植·····················································································································2

8田間管理···············································································································2

9病蟲(chóng)害防治············································································································3

10采收、貯藏···········································································································3

11檔案管理··············································································································3

附錄A（資料性）紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害防治藥劑及施用方法··················································4

附錄B（資料性）紫山藥栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案····································································5

I

DB43/T2419—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專(zhuān)利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專(zhuān)利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)歸口。

本文件起草單位：湖南素里養(yǎng)農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司、長(zhǎng)沙市農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心、長(zhǎng)沙縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、

湖南省蔬菜研究所、長(zhǎng)沙縣湘農(nóng)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移咨詢(xún)有限公司、湖南湘印康農(nóng)科技發(fā)展有限公司、湖南漢普科

技發(fā)展有限公司、湖南菜驛園農(nóng)業(yè)科技有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：葉輝、劉翠、吳明聰、任正偉、錢(qián)艷杰、肖菲菲、黃志桃、吳雙花、李倩、郭

杉。

III

DB43/T2419—2022

紫山藥種植技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了紫山藥種植產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、品種選擇、整地施基肥、定植、田間管理、病蟲(chóng)害防治、采收

和檔案管理的基本要求。

本文件適用于紫山藥的種植。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，

僅該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本

文件。

GB4285農(nóng)藥安全使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB5084農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB15618土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

NY/T393綠色食品農(nóng)藥使用準(zhǔn)則

NY/T394綠色食品肥料使用準(zhǔn)則

NY/T1056綠色食品貯藏運(yùn)輸準(zhǔn)則

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

山藥段子Yamsegment

將山藥塊莖切成段的繁殖材料。

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境

產(chǎn)地土壤要求土層深厚，土層深度在80cm以上，疏松肥沃，排灌方便，地下水位1.0m以下，近

3年未種植薯蕷科作物，pH值為5.5～7.0的沙壤土為宜。土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量應(yīng)符合GB15618的規(guī)定；農(nóng)田

灌溉水質(zhì)應(yīng)符合GB5084的規(guī)定。

5品種選擇

根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣，選擇經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀優(yōu)良、抗病蟲(chóng)性及抗逆性強(qiáng)且商品性高的品種。山藥段

子的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為直順、健壯無(wú)病、無(wú)損傷。

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DB43/T2419—2022

6整地施基肥

整地前在土壤表層每667m2均勻撒施生石灰50kg～100kg，并每667m2施入腐熟農(nóng)家肥1000kg～

1200kg，或商品性有機(jī)肥400kg～500kg，且每667m2施入三元復(fù)合肥50kg～100kg，然后將土層

深翻耕起壟，結(jié)合開(kāi)溝起高壟將肥料覆蓋。畦面寬1.0m～1.1m，溝寬30cm，溝深30cm～35cm。

施肥后覆蓋黑色薄膜并壓緊四邊。肥料標(biāo)準(zhǔn)符合NY/T394的規(guī)定。

7定植

7.1種薯準(zhǔn)備

選擇晴天將紫山藥塊莖按8cm～10cm分切成山藥段子，保留每塊段子上的皮層，確保每個(gè)段上有

芽眼，分切后，將山藥段子的切口處用25％多菌靈可濕性粉劑800倍液浸種消毒10min，取出晾干后

使用。

7.2定植時(shí)間

10cm深土壤溫度穩(wěn)定在10℃時(shí)即可播種，一般在3月中下旬～4月中下旬。

7.3定植方式

雙行種植。將切好的山藥段子種皮朝下、切面朝上放入定植穴內(nèi)，株距25cm～30cm，行距35cm～

45cm，定植后覆土3cm～5cm。

8田間管理

8.1植株調(diào)整

山藥苗長(zhǎng)約30cm時(shí)，保留1個(gè)～2個(gè)健壯主蔓，并去除主蔓基部1.5m以下的側(cè)蔓。莖蔓長(zhǎng)至架

頂時(shí)要選擇晴天上午摘心。

8.2搭架引蔓

植株高25cm～35cm時(shí)，應(yīng)立支架扶蔓，采用長(zhǎng)1.8m～2.5m，直徑2cm～3cm堅(jiān)實(shí)細(xì)竹竿或

細(xì)木棍搭建“人”字形架。支架插入土壤的深度以20cm為宜，最深不超過(guò)30cm，在距頂部30cm處

交叉，交叉處用橫桿連在一起固定形成整體。每株選留1條～2條強(qiáng)壯主蔓，地面萌發(fā)多余枝芽及時(shí)摘

除。

8.3水肥管理

定植成活后苗期基本不澆水。生長(zhǎng)旺盛期保持土壤見(jiàn)干不見(jiàn)濕。果實(shí)膨大期遇干旱時(shí)要及時(shí)澆灌水

以確保土壤濕潤(rùn)。持續(xù)大雨或灌水過(guò)后應(yīng)及時(shí)排除積水。

在塊莖旺盛生長(zhǎng)初期，每次每667m2施腐熟有機(jī)肥400kg～500kg，復(fù)合肥25kg～30kg。山藥

生長(zhǎng)后期，可用0.3％的磷酸二氫鉀進(jìn)行葉面追肥。肥料使用應(yīng)符合NY/T394的規(guī)定。

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DB43/T2419—2022

9病蟲(chóng)害防治

9.1主要病蟲(chóng)害

主要病害為山藥炭疽病、褐斑病、莖腐病、根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病等。

主要蟲(chóng)害有地老虎、螻蛄、蚜蟲(chóng)等。

9.2防治原則

綜合采用農(nóng)業(yè)防治、物理防治及生物防治，科學(xué)合理使用化學(xué)防治。

9.3主要防治方法

9.3.1農(nóng)業(yè)防治

因地制宜，合理輪作，有條件地區(qū)實(shí)行水旱輪作。前茬作物收獲后，及時(shí)清潔田園。選用抗病品種。

發(fā)現(xiàn)殘株及時(shí)清除。

9.3.2物理防治

設(shè)置殺蟲(chóng)燈誘殺，每1hm2地塊安裝一盞太陽(yáng)能殺蟲(chóng)燈或頻振式殺蟲(chóng)燈誘殺地老虎、金龜子、螻蛄

等害蟲(chóng)成蟲(chóng)。每667m2安插黃板20塊，誘殺蚜蟲(chóng)和粉虱等。

9.3.3生物防治

保護(hù)利用田間的絨繭蜂、赤眼蜂、草蛉、食蟲(chóng)瓢蟲(chóng)、蜘蛛等害蟲(chóng)天敵?？墒褂糜￠亍⒊x(chóng)菊素、

魚(yú)藤酮、苦參堿、康壯素、Bt等生物源農(nóng)藥。

9.3.4化學(xué)防治

紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)防治方法見(jiàn)附錄A。農(nóng)藥安全使用應(yīng)符合GB/T8321和NY/T393的要求。

10采收、貯藏

10.1采收

10月中旬至11月上旬，地上植株逐漸枯萎，地下塊莖膨大停止可收獲。根據(jù)市場(chǎng)需求，可在8月、

9月提前上市。將地上植株莖蔓割掉，從壟的一端進(jìn)行開(kāi)坑深挖45cm～65cm，然后順次將山藥提起，

選擇優(yōu)良?jí)K莖可作為種薯。去掉泥土，忌用水洗。

結(jié)束后，地膜、殘株等進(jìn)行無(wú)害化處理。

10.2貯藏

貯存時(shí)應(yīng)按種薯和鮮食分別貯藏，種薯于霜降前后入窖或貯存于溫度為5℃～10℃的干燥室內(nèi)；

鮮食紫山藥存放于5℃～15℃陰涼、干燥的庫(kù)內(nèi)，保持氣流均勻流通。貯藏應(yīng)按NY/T1056的準(zhǔn)則執(zhí)行。

11檔案管理

生產(chǎn)檔案管理表見(jiàn)附錄B。檔案保管2年以上，做到防蟲(chóng)、防潮、防霉。

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DB43/T2419—2022

附錄A

（資料性）

紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)防治藥劑及施用方法

表A.1紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)防治藥劑及施用方法

病蟲(chóng)害名稱(chēng)防治方法使用次數(shù)安全間隔期

1．10％苯醚甲環(huán)唑水分散粒劑1500倍液噴霧；

炭疽病2．25％咪鮮胺乳油1500倍液；連續(xù)交替噴灑2～3次7天

3．80％代森錳鋅可濕性粉劑700倍液噴霧。

1．發(fā)病初期噴50％退菌特600倍液1次；

褐斑病2．70％甲基托布津1000倍液；連續(xù)交替噴灑2～3次7天

3．75％百菌清可濕性粉劑。

1．在發(fā)病初期用50％多菌靈400～500倍液或75％百菌清

莖腐病600倍液；連續(xù)交替灌根2～3次10天

2．95％敵克松200～300倍液灌根。

1．種薯用波爾多液進(jìn)行消毒；

根結(jié)線蟲(chóng)病連續(xù)交替噴灑2～3次7天

2．整地時(shí)施用3％克百敵1000倍液進(jìn)行土壤消毒。

地老虎1．90％晶體敵百蟲(chóng)1000倍～1500倍液進(jìn)行澆灌防治；連續(xù)使用2～3次7天

螻蛄1．整地時(shí)每667m2用敵百蟲(chóng)顆粒劑2kg均勻撒施。連續(xù)使用2～3次7天

1．10％吡蟲(chóng)啉可濕性粉劑1000～1500倍液噴霧；

蚜蟲(chóng)2．50％抗蚜威可濕性粉劑1000倍液噴霧；連續(xù)交替噴灑3次10天

3．10％溴氰蟲(chóng)酰胺懸乳劑1000～1500倍液噴霧。

4

DB43/T2419—2022

附錄B

（資料性）

紫山藥栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案

表B.1紫山藥栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案

年份：地點(diǎn)：品種：記錄人：

一、基本情況

種植面積栽培方式

定植時(shí)間始收時(shí)間

終收時(shí)間

二、肥料使用

使用時(shí)間肥料名稱(chēng)類(lèi)型使用范圍使用方法使用量登記證號(hào)

三、農(nóng)藥使用

使用時(shí)間農(nóng)藥名稱(chēng)劑型使用目的使用方法使用量登記證號(hào)

5

DB43/T2419—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5品種選擇···············································································································1

6整地施基肥············································································································2

7定植·····················································································································2

8田間管理···············································································································2

9病蟲(chóng)害防治············································································································3

10采收、貯藏···········································································································3

11檔案管理··············································································································3

附錄A（資料性）紫山藥主要病蟲(chóng)害防治藥劑及施用方法··················································4

附錄B（資料性）紫山藥栽培田間生產(chǎn)檔案····································································5

I

DB43/T2419—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專(zhuān)利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)