英語翻譯基礎歷年真題試卷匯編107(題后含答案及解析)

英語翻譯基礎歷年真題試卷匯編107(題后含答案及解析)全部題型2.英漢互譯英漢互譯漢譯英1．今年初，我曾經(jīng)講過，今年恐怕是中國經(jīng)濟最為困難的一年。我國遭受了嚴重的雨雪冰凍災害和特大地震災害，又面臨國內(nèi)外復雜多變的環(huán)境。我們克服重重困難，保持了經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展的態(tài)勢。上半年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值同比增長10．4％；農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展勢頭良好，夏糧連續(xù)五年增產(chǎn)；投資、消費、出口三大需求增長趨向均衡，經(jīng)濟發(fā)展協(xié)調(diào)性增強；產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整加快，節(jié)能減排取得明顯成效，財政收入和企業(yè)利潤保持較快增長，發(fā)展質(zhì)量和效益進一步提高；城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)持續(xù)增加，城鄉(xiāng)居民收入繼續(xù)提高；近幾個月來，居民消費價格指數(shù)漲幅逐月回落。總的看來，中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基本面沒有改變，正朝著宏觀調(diào)控的預期方向發(fā)展。正確答案：AsIsaidearlierintheyear,2008couldbethemostdifficultyearforChina’seconomy.Weexperiencedheavysnowandsleetstormsandthedevastatingearthquakeandfacedacomplexandchangingsituationbothathomeandabroad.Yet,wehaveovercomedifficultiesoneafteranotherandmaintainedthemomentumofsteadyandfasteconomicgrowth.Inthefirstsixmonths,theGDPgrewby10.4%overthecorrespondingperiodoflastyear.Agriculturehasenjoyedgooddevelopmentandsummercropshaveregisteredfiveconsecutiveyearsofincrease.Thedemandsforinvestment,consumptionandexportaregrowinginamorebalancedway,andthereisbettercoordinationineconomicdevelopment.Withacceleratedadjustmentintheindustrialstructure,markedprogressinenergyconservationandemissionreduction,andfairlyrapidincreaseinfiscalrevenueandbusinessprofits,thequalityandefficiencyofdevelopmenthavebeenfurtherenhanced.Morejobshavebeencreatedinurbanareas,andurbanandruralincomecontinuestogrow.Theconsumerpriceindexhasbeencomingdowninrecentmonths.Inshort,theeconomicfundamentalsinChinaremainunchangedandtheeconomyismovinginthedirectionenvisagedinthemacro-economiccontrolpolicy.2．我們參觀博物館時，常會看到各種古代銅鏡——古代人用來整容的家庭日用品。這些銅鏡大多是從古墓中出土的、也有少數(shù)是傳世之物。早在公元前11世紀，先民已經(jīng)使用銅鏡了。戰(zhàn)國時期，銅鏡在民間盛行。鏡的正面磨光發(fā)亮，背面飾單層或雙層花紋，常見的有獸面紋、花葉紋、龍鳳紋等。西漢時期，銅鏡較厚重，紋飾多幾何圖案、神人和禽獸紋等。并有鑄刻銘文，每句僅三至四字，例如：“長相思”、“毋相忘”、“常富貴”、“樂未央”等。內(nèi)容多是通俗的吉祥語。宋、元時期出現(xiàn)了圓鏡、長方鏡、八棱鏡和帶柄手鏡等。清代以后，逐漸被玻璃鏡所代替。(248字)正確答案：Wheneverwevisitamuseum,weseevarioustypesofancientbronzemirrors.UsedasahouseholdnecessityfordressingbytheancientChinesepeople,thesebronzemirrorsweremostlyunearthedfromancienttombs,whilesomearekeptasheirlooms.Ourancestorsstartedtousebronzemirrorsinasearlyasthe11thcenturyB.C.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriod,bronzemirrorsprevailedamongthepopulace.Thefrontsideofthemirrors,afterbeingpolished,glistenswhilethebacksideisembellishedwithsingle-layeredordouble-layeredpatterns,amongwhichthecommonlyseenarethus—ofanimalfaces,flowersandleaves,dragonsandphoenixes.DuringtheWesternHanPeriod,thebronzemirrorsusedtoberelativelythickandheavy.Mostofthedecorativepatternswereofgeometricalforms,supernaturalfigures,orfowlsandanimals,accompaniedbyinscriptionsofonlythreeorfourcharacterswithsuchmeaningsas“eternallove”,“nevertoforget”,“wealthforever”and“everlastinghappiness”.Thecontentfrequentlydealtwithcommonwell-wishings.DuringtheSongandYuanDynastiesthebronzemirrorsappearedinallshapes:round,rectangular,rhomboidal,octagonal,andthosewithahandle.SincetheQingDynasty,however,thebronzemirrorhasgraduallygivenwaytotheglassmirror.3．文化是溝通人與人心靈和情感的橋梁，是國與國加深理解和信任的紐帶。文化交流比政治交流更久遠，比經(jīng)濟交流更深刻。隨著時光的流逝和時代的變遷，許多人物和事件都會變成歷史，但文化卻永遠存在，歷久彌新，并長時間地影響著人們的思想和生活。不同的地域環(huán)境造就了不同的文化底蘊，形成了各具特色的文化形態(tài)，它們?nèi)缤棋n穹的璀璨群星，交相輝映，光耀宇宙。正是文化的多樣性，使不同文化相互影響，相互交融，相互促進，推動了人類文明的進步，也豐富了人類的生活。(218words)正確答案：Cultureisabridgethatconnectspeople’sheartandemotions,abondthatenhancesmutualunderstandingandtrustbetweentwostates.Culturalexchangehasalongerhistorythanpoliticalexchange,amoreprofoundimpactthaneconomicexchange.Astimegoesby,thingsbegintochange.Manyprominentfiguresandeventswillfadeintohistory,butcultureliveson.Itgetseverstrongerandvitalwiththepassageoftime,andhasanenduringinfluenceonthewaywethinkandlive.Differentgeographieshavenurturedavarietyofcultures,eachwithuniquefeatureandattributes.Theyareliketheshiningstarsinthesky,addingradiancetoeachotherandilluminatingthevastuniverse.Itisthediversityofculturesthatinspiresdifferentculturestointeractwitheachother,influenceeachotherandpromoteeachother,therebyadvancinghumancivilizationandenrichingourlives.4．現(xiàn)在看手機、網(wǎng)絡的越來越多，讀報的漸漸少了，有人說將來報紙會不會消失?我們當今的社會還是報紙等傳統(tǒng)媒體和網(wǎng)絡等新媒體并存，體現(xiàn)了兩種不同的生活方式。一種人只看網(wǎng)不看報，一種人只看報不會上網(wǎng)，當然還有兩種兼顧。年輕人往往只看網(wǎng)絡，不讀報紙，這和生活工作方式有關(guān)，上網(wǎng)辦公、交談、收發(fā)郵件，順手搜一下各類新聞，很便捷；以為時下的新聞知道了，就不去翻報紙。但我覺得不讀報是會有損失的。因為有些報紙能給你的東西不全在網(wǎng)上，網(wǎng)絡上更多的是即時的信息碎片，更豐富的生活血肉和富于原創(chuàng)性的、有深度的文章還是需要從報紙等紙質(zhì)媒體來獲取。還有，我總覺得一個人的修養(yǎng)很難在電腦前形成。需要在一些實際的文化空間里漸漸體驗與形成，比如博物館、畫廊、劇場以及各種各樣的交際，還有讀書看報。我想，如果我們的報辦得好，讀報將來在中國也會成為生活和文化方式之一，一個豐富的社會不會只要一種生活和文化的方式。正確答案：Nowadays,thenumberofpeoplebrowsingthroughcellphonesandtheInternetisincreasing,whilereadingnewspapersisbecominglesspopular.Someevendoubtwhethernewspaperswouldperishinthefuture.Fortunately,inourpresentsociety,traditionalmedialikenewspapersandnewmedialikeInternetcoexist,whichsymbolizestwodifferentwaysoflife.There’repeoplesurfingtheInternetonlyandreadingnonewspaper,whereasthere’repeoplewhoreadnewspapersratherthansurftheInternet,andofcourse,wehavethosewhodoboth.TheyoungergenerationtendtochooseInternetovernewspapersjustbecauseofthewaytheyliveandwork.TheyrelyontheInternettohandletheirbusiness,conversewitheachotheraswellassendandreceiveemails,andthustheyfinditmucheasiertoviewingallkindsofnewsonline—theythinktheycanknowwhat’sgoingonwithoutreadingnewspapers.However,ImaintainthatreadingnonewspaperissurelyalossastheinformationprovidedbynewspapersisnotalwaysaccessibleontheInternet.FragmentaryandinstantinformationiswhattheInternethasinstore,andtheneedformoreabundantlifestoriesandarticlesoforiginalityandprofunditycanonlybesatisfiedbypapermedialikenewspapers.Besides,Ihavealwaysthoughtthatone’sself-cultivationcanhardlybeachievedinfrontofthecomputer.Ithastobeformedgraduallythroughrealculturalatmospherelikeinmuseums,galleries,theatresandothersocialinteractions;readingbooksandnewspapersisalsoindispensable.I’mthinkingthatifwemanagetoimproveournewspapers,perhapsreadingnewspaperswillbepartofourpeople’sdailylifeandculturalactivitiesforaliberalsocietycannotdowithoutdiversity.5．糧食安全始終是人類生存發(fā)展面臨的首要問題，“人人糧食安全”是基本人權(quán)。世界糧食安全面臨越來越多的非傳統(tǒng)挑戰(zhàn)和日趨復雜的形勢。世界糧食安全的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)在發(fā)展中國家。利用糧食等生產(chǎn)生物燃料對糧食安全的影響不容忽視，氣候變化對糧食安全也帶來長期挑戰(zhàn)。中國高度重視農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食問題，堅持立足國內(nèi)實現(xiàn)糧食基本自給的方針，通過加大資金投人、加強農(nóng)田水利建設、加快農(nóng)業(yè)科技進步等政策和措施，穩(wěn)定提高糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力。中國用占不到世界9％的耕地，解決了世界近21％人口的吃飯問題，提前實現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(MDG)減貧目標。中國政府在解決自身糧食安全問題的同時，還在南南合作框架內(nèi)向有關(guān)發(fā)展中國家提供了力所能及的農(nóng)業(yè)援助，包括建設農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)示范中心、提供農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)援助、提供緊急人道主義糧食援助等，為這些發(fā)展中國家提高糧食安全水平作出了自己的貢獻。正確答案：Foodsecurityhasalwaysbeentheprimarytaskfacingthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanbeingsand“toensurefoodsecurityforeveryone”hasbecomeafundamentalhumanright.Theworldfoodsecurityisconfrontedwithmoreandmorenon-traditionalchallengesaswellasincreasinglycomplicatedsituations.Theweaknessoftheworldfoodsecurityliesindevelopingcountries.Theimpactofusinggrainforbiofuelonfoodsecurityshouldneverbeoverlooked,whiletheclimatechangehasalsohadalong-termbearingonthefoodsecurity.Chinahasattachedgreatimportancetoagricultureandfoodsecurity,insistingontheprincipleofrelyingondomesticproductionforthebasicsupplianceoffood.Andthroughpoliciesandincentiveslikeincreasedcapitalinvestment,enhancedconstructionofwaterconservancyfacilitiesforfarmland,accelerated