第04講　形容詞和副詞（知識講解巧學(xué)巧練）（學(xué)生版）

第04講形容詞和副詞目標(biāo)1形容詞和副詞的基本用法目標(biāo)2形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級考點(diǎn)精講一形容詞和副詞的基本用法【情境導(dǎo)入】Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively⑤nowandsheisquite⑤movedbyit.Obviously⑥，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.[規(guī)則感悟]①修飾名詞，往往用形容詞作定語。②在系動詞之后，往往用形容詞作表語。③表示情緒和精神狀態(tài)的形容詞可以作狀語。④在“感官或使役動詞＋賓語”之后，形容詞可以作賓補(bǔ)，說明賓語的狀態(tài)。⑤副詞可以描述某個動作的情況或者描述動作、行為或狀態(tài)的程度。⑥副詞可以放在句首，作評論性狀語，修飾整個句子。1．形容詞的構(gòu)詞規(guī)則類別例詞加ycloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，fog→foggy加(e)dgift→gifted，talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited加ingsurprise→surprising，convince→convincing，frighten→frightening，appeal→appealing，reward→rewarding，invite→inviting加ful/lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless加ablefort→fortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，accept→acceptable，respect→respectable加ousdanger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorousce變?yōu)閠confidence→confident，difference→different加almusic→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional加lyfriend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely加enwood→wooden，wool→woolen加ive/ativeattract→attractive，talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective其他常見變化energy→energetic，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific注意以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)名詞加后綴y變成形容詞時，要雙寫該輔音字母再加y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以e結(jié)尾的名詞加y變形容詞時要去掉e再加y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。2．形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則類別例詞(1)一般形容詞變副詞直接在其后加ly。quick→quickly，anxious→anxiously(2)以輔音字母＋e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接加ly，以元音字母＋e結(jié)尾的形容詞去掉e再加ly。immediate→immediately，polite→politely，true→truly(3)以輔音字母＋le結(jié)尾的形容詞要去掉e再加y。possible→possibly，probable→probably(4)以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i再加ly。happy→happily，healthy→healthily(5)以ic結(jié)尾的形容詞要在其后加ally。economic→economically，basic→basically(6)以ll結(jié)尾的形容詞要在其后加y。full→fully，dull→dully注意下面這兩個單詞是特殊的形式：whole→whollypublic→publicly3．常見的以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞(1)表示時間的形容詞：hourly每小時的；daily每天的；weekly每周的；monthly每月的；yearly每年的；timely及時的，適時的。(2)表示人的形容詞：manly有男子氣概的；womanly女性特有的；motherly慈母般的；fatherly慈父般的；radely同志般的。(3)表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容詞：lovely可愛的；friendly友好的；ugly難看的；lively活潑的；lonely孤獨(dú)的；unfriendly不友好的；kindly親切的；sickly多病的；elderly年長的。(4)表示事物特征、環(huán)境、情況、狀態(tài)的形容詞：likely可能的；orderly整齊的；deadly致命的；chilly寒冷的；disorderly亂七八糟的；unlikely不大可能發(fā)生的。4．如何區(qū)分ed結(jié)尾的形容詞與ing結(jié)尾的形容詞(1)ing結(jié)尾的形容詞主要用于修飾物或事，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，常譯為“令人……的”。(2)ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常用于說明人的感受，常譯為“感到……的”，也可以修飾事物，多修飾smile(微笑)，appearance(外貌)，face(面部表情)，voice(聲音)，look(表情)，expression(表情)等表示人的情緒狀況的名詞。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以非常激動的聲音告訴了我這個消息。5．?？嫉倪B接性副詞though然而，可是；meanwhile在此期間；therefore/thus/consequently因此，所以；moreover/furthermore而且，此外；besides而且，另外，還有；however然而；instead相反，代替；anyway/anyhow盡管，即使這樣；otherwise否則。Theyoungmancouldn’taffordanewcar.Instead，heboughtausedone.那個年輕人買不起新車，便買了一輛二手的。Thehousewastooexpensiveandtoobig.Besides，I’dgrownfondofourlittlerentedhouse.這個房子太貴、太大了。而且，我已經(jīng)越來越喜歡我們租的小屋了。6．意義不同的同根副詞(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(closeadv.不遠(yuǎn)地；接近地,closelyadv.密切地))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(freeadv.免費(fèi)地,freelyadv.自由地))(3)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(hardadv.努力地,hardlyadv.幾乎不))(4)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(lateadv.晚，遲,latelyadv.近來))(5)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(mostadv.非常；幾乎，差不多,mostlyadv.主要地))(6)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(wideadv.盡可能遠(yuǎn)地；充分地,widelyadv.廣泛地))(7)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(highadv.高,highlyadv.高度地))(8)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(deepadv.深地；在深處,deeplyadv.深刻地))(9)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(nearadv.在附近,nearlyadv.幾乎))對點(diǎn)練習(xí)1．Theoldpeoplethereweretalkativeandtheytoldustheir__________(person)storiescheerfully.2．Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand___________________(disappoint)．3．I’llneverforgetthe______________(amaze)tripIhadinBeijing，ChinaandIhopetogotherenexttimewithmyfriends.4．Hespentsevendaysinthewindandsnow，coldand_______________(hunger)．5．Inthestudy，GBSwasusedtoprovidea____________(high)efficientwayofdemonstratingquantumputationalspeedupinsolvingsometasks.6．Thetitlewillbe________________(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.7．______________(lucky)，healsohasacowwhichproducesmilkeveryday.8．Iam_______________(terrible)sorrythatIcan’tgotothebookstorewithyouattheappointedtime.考點(diǎn)精講二形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級【情境導(dǎo)入】Inmyfamily，mymotheristhethinnest①.Myfatherismuchtaller②thanherandme，butheistwiceasheavyas③mymother，andbeingfatterandfatter④.Heisquiteworriedbecausethefatter⑤heis，themorelikely⑤heistobeill.[規(guī)則感悟]①形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級，一般直接加er或est；以e結(jié)尾的直接加r或st；以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞注意雙寫結(jié)尾輔音字母；以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的詞，將y變?yōu)閕再加er或est；多音節(jié)詞前面加more或most。兩者或兩部分之間比較，多用比較級；三者或三者以上的比較，可以使用最高級。②比較級常常和than連用，并且可以被much，alittle，abit，even，far，still等詞修飾。③倍數(shù)表達(dá)法：?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.比較級＋than＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.原級(＋名詞)＋as＋B?A＋謂語＋倍數(shù)＋the＋名詞(size，length，height，weight等)＋of＋B④“adj./adv.比較級＋and＋adj./adv.比較級”表示“越來越……”。⑤“the＋比較級．..，the＋比較級．..”表示“越……，就越……”。1．少數(shù)以er，ow，y或le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，可以加er構(gòu)成比較級，加est構(gòu)成最高級。clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowesteasy→easier→easiestsimple→simpler→simplest2．有些形容詞沒有程度可分或其本身就表示某種程度，因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有right(正確的)，wrong(錯誤的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wooden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(東方的)，last(最后的)等。3．有些形容詞和副詞變比較級或最高級時為不規(guī)則變化，需牢記。good/well→better→bestbad/ill→worse→worstmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastold→older/elder→oldest/eldestfar→farther→farthest(指具體空間上)far→further→furthest(指抽象程度上)4．比較級的基本用法(1)同級比較①as＋adj./adv.(原級)＋as...“和……一樣”；notas/so＋adj./adv.(原級)＋as...“不如……”Sincepeoplearefondofhumour，itisasweleinconversationasanywhereelse.因?yàn)槿藗兿矚g幽默，所以在談話中或其他任何地方它都是受歡迎的。②當(dāng)as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中有名詞時，可用以下結(jié)構(gòu)：as＋形容詞原級＋a(n)＋n.＋as...as＋many＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＋as...as＋much＋不可數(shù)名詞＋as...I’mnotalittletiredtodayaftergivingtheroomathoroughcleaningandIhaveneverhadastiringadayastoday.今天對房間進(jìn)行了大掃除之后我非常累，我從來沒有過比今天更累的一天了。(2)比較級比較“形容詞/副詞比較級＋than”表示“兩者中一方比另一方更……”?！發(fā)ess＋形容詞/副詞原級＋than”表示“一方不及另一方……”。Iknowmysisterbetterthananyoneelse.Onceshehasmadeuphermind，nothingcanchangeit.我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。她一旦下定決心，沒有什么能夠改變。5．比較級的特殊用法①“more＋原級＋than＋原級”表示“與其說……不如說……”。Thegirlwasmorefrightenedthanhurt.與其說這個女孩是受了傷，不如說是受到了驚嚇。②“morethan＋主語＋can＋謂語”表示“非……所能；……不能”。ThebeautyofthecityismorethanIcandescribe.這座城市的美是我所不能描述的。③形容詞比較級前一般不用冠詞，但如果出現(xiàn)表示范圍的短語時，就需要加定冠詞。Ofthetwosisters，Maryisthecleverer.這兩姐妹中，瑪麗更聰明。6．比較級形式表示最高級含義在某個特定范圍內(nèi)，同類事物對比，可用以下比較級結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。①比較級＋than＋anyother＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)②比較級＋than＋theother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)③比較級＋than＋anyone/anythingelse④比較級＋than＋anyoftheother＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)⑤“否定詞＋比較級”也可表示最高級含義。ChinaisthelargestcountryinAsia.Thatis，itislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.中國是亞洲最大的國家。即中國比亞洲其他任何國家都要大。Nomanisbetterthanyouintheworld.人世間沒有人比你好。Ihaven’treadamoreinterestingnovel.這是我讀過的最有趣的小說了。7．最高級的基本用法(1)形容詞最高級(＋名詞)＋表示范圍的狀語Sheisthemostactivestudentinourclass.她是我們班最活躍的學(xué)生。(2)oneof＋形容詞最高級＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)Shanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.＝Shanghaiisamongthebiggestcitiesinourcountry.上海是我國最大的城市之一。(3)序數(shù)詞＋形容詞最高級＋名詞Africaisthesecondlargestcontinentintheworld.非洲是世界上第二大洲。對點(diǎn)練習(xí)1．The________(much)wedoforthoseinneed，thehappierwe’llbe.2．Roadsafetyhasaroused________(wide)attentionofthepublicthanbefore.3．Duringtheendofthe19thcenturyandthebeginningofthe20thcentury，BeijingOperafinallyformedandbecamethe___________(big)ofalloperasinChina.4．Ihavenevermeta_________(kind)teacherthanMrsSmithbefore.5．Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimes________(fast)thantraditionalgarbageasawhole.6．Whenyoustudythelocalmap，you’llfindthistownistwice______sizeofthatone.7．Ihaveseldomseenmymother_________pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.【解題策略】1．Whenthehousewasbuilt，itwasmuch_________(small)thanitistoday.(2021·浙江6月)2．Localpeoplewereprovidedwith__________(finance)aidandotherbenefits.3．Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheir________(fine)work，sothathecouldchoosethebest.(2020·全國Ⅲ)4．Asthesmallboatmoved________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.(2020·全國Ⅲ)層級一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練單句語法填空1．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall__________(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.2．Handlethemostimportanttasksfirst，andyou’llfeelarealsenseof____________(achieve)．3．Althoughheresearchescloning，his__________(intend)hasneverbeentocreatecopiesofhumans.4．Intheearly_________(fifty)，researchersfoundthatpeoplescoredhigheronintelligencetestsiftheyspokemorethanonelanguage.5．Sheisthe_________(twelve)tutor，whohasetolookafterhischildrensincetheirmotherdied.6．Theoldmangoestotheparkevery________(three)day，joggingwithhisfellows.7．Butthesuccessfultestdrillingforfireicedoesnotmeanitcanbeextractedfor___________(industry)use.8．Theworld’spopulationisincreasingata___________(surprise)rateandourenvironmentisfacinggreatpressure.9．Nowadaysit’sthesecond___________(large)cityinBulgariaandit’sasignificanteconomic，educationalandculturalcenter.10．Indiansstartpracticingyogaataveryyoungage，sotheirbodiesareeven__________(strong)．層級二高考真題練單句語法填空1．JohnOlson，aformer________________(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.(2022·浙江6月)2．CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad，inordertopromoteenvironmental_______________(protect)．(2022·全國甲)3．Caobelievesthiswillmakethehikingtripevenmore________________(meaning)．Thetwoofthemcollectedmorethan1,000plasticbottlesalongthe40dayjourney.(2022·全國甲)4．Inthelastfiveyears，Caohaswalkedthrough34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’s______________(high)mountain.(2022·全國甲)5．TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate_________________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas，and________________(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)6．Onthedayoftheaccident，MrsBrownwasatworkandEricwasathomewithhisfather.Theybothfell__________(sleep)whilewatchingTV.(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)7．Whenhelookeddown，he_______________(accidental)slippedandfellovertheedge.(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)8．Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeoplelivinginthecountryside，including_______(low)levelsofineandeducation，highercostsofhealthyfoods，andfewersportsfacilities.(2021·浙江1月)9．Itiscalculatedbydividinga__________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared，andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.(2021·浙江1月)10．Filledwith___________(curious)，theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.(2020·全國Ⅲ)層級三語篇提能練語法填空(2022·