人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊復習學案 UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

UNIT2HEALTHYLIFESTYLE基礎默寫Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫其形1.abusen.&vt.濫用；虐待；辱罵2.facilitatevt.促進；促使；使便利3.negativeadj.消極的；有害的；否定的4.disciplinen.自制力；紀律；學科vt.自我控制；嚴格要求（自己）；管教5.pilln.藥丸；藥片6.deletevt.刪去；刪除7.shavevi.，vt.&n.剃（須發(fā)）；刮臉8.skipvt.跳過；不參加vi.蹦蹦跳跳地走n.蹦跳9.dizzyadj.頭暈目眩的10.monthlyadv.&adj.每月；每月一次的n.月刊11.enhancevt.提高；增強；增進Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.alcoholn.酒；酒精→alcoholicadj.酒精的2.physicaladj.身體的；客觀存在的；物理學的→physicallyadv.根本上；身體上→physicsn.物理學→physicistn.物理學家3.dominatevt.&vi.支配；控制；占有優(yōu)勢→dominantadj.占優(yōu)勢的；首要的；占支配地位的4.repeatvt.重復→repeatedadj.重復的→repeatedlyadv.重復地→repetitionn.重復5.psychologyn.心理學；心理；心理影響→psychologicaladj.心理的；精神上的；心理學的→psychologistn.心理學家6.rewardvt.獎勵；給予報酬n.獎勵；報酬→rewardingadj.有益的；報酬高的7.relyvi.依賴；依靠；信賴→reliableadj.可靠的；可信賴的→reliablyadv.可靠地；可信賴地8.examinevt.（仔細）檢查；審查；測驗→examinationn.檢查；審查；調(diào)查9.composevt.&vi.組成；作曲；撰寫→compositionn.組成；作文；作曲→composern.作曲者10.disturbvt.打擾；攪亂；使煩惱→disturbedadj.煩惱的→disturbingadj.引起煩惱的；令人不安的→disturbancen.打擾11.specialadj.特別的；特設的→speciallyadv.特別地；專門地→specialistn.?？漆t(yī)生；專家→specializevi.專門研究（或從事）12.consultvt.咨詢；請教；商量→consultantn.顧問；高級顧問醫(yī)師13.sugarn.糖→sugaryadj.含糖的；甜的14.refreshvt.使恢復精力；使涼爽；刷新→refreshingadj.令人振奮的→refreshmentn.煥發(fā)精神；茶點15.absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；吸收→absorbedadj.專心致志的；全神貫注的→absorbingadj.非常有趣的；引人入勝的Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.tobaccon.煙草；煙葉2.cuen.提示；暗示；信號vt.給（某人）暗示（或提示）3.pessimisticadj.悲觀的；悲觀主義的4.surgeonn.外科醫(yī)生5.surgeryn.外科手術；外科學6.liberationn.解放；擺脫7.stimulatevt.激發(fā)；促進；刺激8.nutn.堅果9.dynamicadj.充滿活力的；精力充沛的；動態(tài)的Ⅳ.核心短語——明搭配1.formahabitof養(yǎng)成……的習慣2.inresponseto回答；答復3.relyon依賴；依靠；信賴4.straightaway立即；馬上5.decideon決定；選定6.makeupone’smind下定決心7.becomposedof由……組成（或構成）的8.shaveoff剃掉；刮去9.stressedout焦慮不安；心力交瘁10.wornout筋疲力盡的；疲憊的11.beaddictedto對……有癮12.beaccustomedto習慣于……13.buildupone’sbody增強某人的體質(zhì)14.keepfit保持健康Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式——會運用1.Thesebadhabits，ifleftunchecked，couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.（狀語從句的省略）這些不良習慣，如果任其發(fā)展，在他們長大成人后，可能會導致更為嚴重的有害習慣。2.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange，ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.（that引導的表語從句）好消息是，如果我們了解習慣是如何運作的，我們就可以作出改變。3.Neithertoomuchnortoolittleisgood.（neither...nor...）太多或太少都不好。4.IgotsoabsorbedthatIplayedthegamesdayandnight.（so...that...）我太入迷了，以至于日夜都在玩游戲。語境自測Ⅰ.單詞拼寫（用本單元詞匯）1.Thenewtradeagreementshouldfacilitate（促進）morerapideconomicgrowth.2.Consideringthesenegative（負面的）effectslowgravityhasonthehumanbody，astronautsdiscipline（嚴格要求）themselvestodoatleasttwohoursofexerciseeveryday.3.Peoplewhoabusetheirpoweratwillaresuretobepunishedsoonerorlater.4.Thedoctorsaidthatyoumightfeelsleepyaftertakingthesepills.5.Weshouldformthehabitofbackingourfilesupincasewedeletethembymistake.6.Thisisagoodopportunitytoenhancethereputationofthecompanyacrossthecountryandfurtherincreaseitsshareofthemarket.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當形式填空1.Thebookwassoabsorbingthatshewastotallyabsorbedinit.（absorb）2.Thephysicisthasbeeninterestedinphysicssincechildhoodandhasovercomelotsofphysicaldifficulties，forheisphysicallydisabled.（physical）3.Thecompanywantedhimtobetheirconsultant，butherefusedafterheconsultedwithhisfriends.（consult）4.YoucanalwaysrelyonPeter，areliablefriendwhoisalwaysthereforyou.（rely）5.AspecialistinpsychologywillattendthemeetingandmakeaspecialspeechforusonWednesday.（special）6.Peoplewerealldisturbedbythedisturbingfactsthenewspaperreportedyesterday.（disturb）7.Thisexperienceisrewardingnotonlyforitsrewards，butalsofortheteamspiritwegainedfromit.（reward）8.Hemissedthegoalrepeatedlyatthebeginning；however，therepetitionofaimingenabledhimtoperfecthistechnique.（repeat）Ⅲ.用方框內(nèi)短語的適當形式完成句子inresponseto relyon stressedoutbeaccustomedto straightaway1.Afterseeingthedepressedexpressiononhisface，Iknewstraightawaythatsomethingbadhadhappened.2.Itwassometimebeforethedooropenedinresponsetohisring.3.Heisaccustomedtorisingearlyanddoingsomeexerciseinthemorningeveryday.4.YoumayrelyonitthatHaileywillcomeandhelpuswhenweareinneed.5.Thereformofeducationaimstoresolvetheproblemthatmanystudentsareoverburdenedandstressedout，havingtocopewithtoomuchwork.Ⅳ.句式仿寫1.當被問到為什么遲到時，他保持沉默。（狀語從句的省略）Whenaskedwhyhewaslate，hekeptsilent.2.應該特別注意的是，塑料和廢舊電池等有害物品不應與其他垃圾混合。（that引導的表語從句）Whatshouldbepaidspecialattentiontoisthatsuchharmfulitemsasplasticsandusedbatteriesshouldnotbemixedwithotherwastes.3.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)的洞穴不大也不小，對兩個人來說足夠溫暖舒適。（neither...nor...）Thecavetheyfoundwasneitherbignorsmall，cosyenoughfortwopersons.4.看到奶奶，阿里高興得熱淚盈眶。（so...that...）Aliwassohappytoseehisgrandmotherthattearsofjoywereshininginhiseyes.1.It’seasyforteenagerstoformbadhabitswhichhavenegativeimpactsontheirphysicalandmentalhealth，sopreventingharmfulhabitsisimportant.Asthesayinggoes，"Wearewhatwerepeatedlydo，"whichisindicatedintheconceptof"habitcycle"inmodernpsychology.Thenhowdoesthe"habitcycle"work？Firstly，thereisa"cue"asasignal.Thenthereisa"routine"inresponsetothecue.Finally，thereisthe"reward"，thegoodthingwegetfromtheroutinestimulatinganotherrepetitionofthecycle.Tofacilitateapositivechangetobadhabits，wemustexamineourbadhabitcycles，decideonwhatchangeswillbemadeandtrytoadjustthem.Remembernottobepessimisticifyoudon’tsucceedstraightaway.Afterall，thereisno"magicpill"ordeletebutton！2.Igotsoabsorbedinmobilegamesbefore，anotheraddictivethingotherthanalcoholandcigarettesaccordingtospecialists，thatIoftenfeltdizzyandwornoutsinceIalsohadtokeepupwithmyschoolwork.Therefore，Imadeupmymindtochangeandrefreshmyselfthen.First，Iarrangedthetimeusedonmymobilephonereasonably，insteadofrelyingonmyparentstoenhancemydiscipline.Second，Iturnedtodifferentactivitiesinsparetime，likeskateboarding，bowling，swimming，andwatchingcomedies，sinceahealthylifeiscomposedofmanyparts.Withtheliberationfrommobilegames，adynamicstudenthascomeback.1rewardn.回報；獎勵；報酬vt.獎勵；獎賞；給以報酬1.[人教選必①－3]Itisbothchallengingandrewarding（reward）tostudyabroad.2.Thebabyrewardedhismotherwithasmileforsingingtohim.3.Itisunfairthatthespecialistgetsverylittleinrewardforhishardwork.注意inrewardfor中，reward前沒有冠詞，而asarewardfor中，reward前有冠詞a。4.無論誰找到錢包，在他/她歸還它的那一刻，就一定會得到50元的報酬。Whoeverfindsthewalletisguaranteed/sure/certain/boundtoberewardedwith50yuanthemomenthe/shereturnsit.★asareward（for）作為（對……的）報酬/獎賞inreward（for）作為（對……的）報答★rewardsb.withsth.for（doing）sth.為（做）某事而用某物酬謝某人★rewardingadj.值得做的；有益的；報酬高的2composevt.&vi.作曲vt.組成；撰寫；使鎮(zhèn)靜1.[北師必修③－7]He（Beethoven）isregardedasoneofthegreatestcomposers（compose）inthehistoryofmusic.注意空處除了要使用名詞外，還因空前有oneof，要變復數(shù)。2.周五晚上關于心理學的講座由三部分組成。 （通知）→①ThreepartscomposethelectureonpsychologyonFridaynight.→②ThelectureonpsychologyonFridaynightiscomposedof/consistsof/ismadeupof/iscomprisedofthreeparts.注意consistof直接以主動形式表示"由……組成"?！颾ecomposedof（＝consistof/bemadeupof/becomprisedof）由……組成★compositionn.作曲；創(chuàng)作；作品；作文；組成★composern.作曲家3refreshvt.使恢復精力；使涼爽；刷新；使想起1.結(jié)合語境寫出下列句子中畫線部分的含義①[譯林選必④－4]Thisisnottosuggestthatthereisnoneedforyoutostudyinschoolbuttoacknowledgethatrefreshingyourknowledgethroughlifelonglearningisbothessentialandbeneficial.刷新acknowledge在此處意為"承認"，后接了一個賓語從句，賓語從句中refreshingyourknowledge是動名詞短語作主語。②Acoolshowerrefreshedhimstraightawayafteralongtravelintheburningsun. 使涼爽，使恢復精力③Theoldmanhadtorefreshhismemoryoftheregularphysicalexaminationbylookingathisnotemonthly. 使想起2.[譯林選必④－3]Getagoodnight’srestsothatyoufeelandlookrefreshed（refresh）.3.Whilewaitingforthetrafficlights，Irolleddownthewindowtorefreshmyselfwithfreshair（用新鮮空氣來提神）. （讀后續(xù)寫之細節(jié)描寫）★refreshoneself（withsth.）（用……）提神refreshone’smemory喚起某人的記憶★refreshedadj.精神振作的refreshingadj.令人耳目一新的；使人精力充沛的refreshmentn.恢復活力；食物和飲料；[pl.]（會議或旅行等期間提供的）茶點4absorbvt.吸引全部注意力；吸收；理解，掌握；使并入；減輕作用；耗費4.[外研必修②－4]BecauseIthoughtballetwasmoreorlessthesameeverywhere，Iwastotallyunpreparedforitsuniquebeauty.Assoonasthecurtainrose，Iwasabsorbed（absorb）.5.[譯林選必④－2]TheEnglish-speakingcommunitydoesnothesitateaboutabsorbingforeignwordsintoitsdailyvocabulary.6.[外研選必②－5]Producersabsorbwateranddissolvednutrientsfromthesoil.Theyalsomaketheirownfoodbyabsorbinglightfromthesun.句意：生產(chǎn)者從土壤中吸收水分和溶解的養(yǎng)分。它們還通過吸收太陽光來制造自己的食物。這里producer指生物學中的"生產(chǎn)者"，指的是能用簡單的無機物合成有機物的自養(yǎng)型生物。7.露西倚著一棵大樹，正在專心致志地讀書，這時一只小兔子從草叢里蹦了出來。（讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫）Leaningagainstabigtree，Lucywasabsorbedinreadingwhenalittlerabbitpoppedoutfromthegrass.（absorbed）表示"集中注意力于/全神貫注于……"的還有：concentrate（one’smind/attention）on，beburied/lostin，keepone’smindon，focus/fixone’smind/attentionon，loseoneselfin/buryoneselfin，payattentionto?！颽bsorb...from...從……中吸收……o...把……吸收進……★absorbedadj.被……吸引住的；全神貫注的beabsorbedin全神貫注于★absorbingadj.十分吸引人的5relyon/upon依賴；依靠；信賴；指望（depend/counton/upon）1.[譯林選必①－2]Myhostfamilyarebigfansofcountrymusic，soIcanalwaysrelyonthemtointroduce（introduce）metosomegreatsongs.2.[譯林選必④－1]ButIknowJimmywillmeetmehereifhe’salive，forhealwayswasthetruestandmostreliable（rely）fellowintheworld.由空前與空處并列的truest可知，空處也應用形容詞的最高級形式。3.每當我學英語有困難時，我都相信你能給我一些建議。（感謝信）→①IcanrelyonyoutooffermesomeadvicewheneverI’mintroublewithmyEnglish.（不定式）→②IcanrelyonitthatyouwilloffermesomeadvicewheneverI’mintroublewithmyEnglish.（it作形式賓語）★relyon/upon...for...依靠……獲得……relyon...todosth.依靠/相信……做某事relyonitthat...相信/指望……★reliableadj.可信賴的；真實可信的6decideon決定；選定1.[譯林選必④－3]Youmayhaveabrilliantidea，butbeforeyoudecidetoput（put）itintoaction，itiswisetoweighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisoption.2.[人教選必④－5]Isitessentialthatteenagersdecideon/uponacareerbeforetheybecomeadults？3.Thegrowingpressureofthecrisismaymeanthatthemomentofdecision（decide）can’tbetoolongdelayed.4.檢查面試地址，決定使用何種交通方式，并為交通延誤留出額外時間。 （建議信）Checktheaddressoftheinterview，decidewhat（modeof）transport/transportationtouseandallowextratimefortrafficdelays.★decidetodosth.決定做某事decideon/upon決定；選定decidebetweenAandB在A和B之間作出抉擇decide＋特殊疑問句＋todo決定……★decisionn.決定；作決定；決斷（力）undecidedadj.未作出決定的；猶豫不決的7makeupone’smind下定決心1.[人教選必①－5]Whethertheycanliveahealthylifeisthefirstthingtheyareconsidering.Sotheyhavemadeuptheirmindstomove（move）tothecountryside，wheretheycanliveagreenlife.2.Integrityandhonestyarewordsthat/whichcome/springtomind（突然想到）whentalkingoftheman.3.Shecouldn’tkeep/fix/concentratehermindonherschoolwork（無法把注意力集中在功課上），withloudcheersoutsidedisturbingherconstantly.4.[譯林選必①－1]Themooncakeisalwaysmyfavouritebecauseofitssatisfyingtastethatisoutofthisworldandthehappymemoriesitbringstomind（它喚起的美好回憶）.（中國文化）短語"bring...tomind"的主語是人時，意為"想起，記起"，主語是物時，意為"使想起，使記起"。當"bring"后的賓語過長時，通常將其放在短語后面以避免頭重腳輕。例如：ThepaintingbringstomindsomeofPicasso’searlyworks.這幅油畫使人想起了畢加索早期的作品。5.[外研必修①－4]但我們需要記住，我們在社交媒體上看到的往往不是關于一個人的全部真相。Butweneedtokeep/bearinmindthatwhatweseeonsocialmediaisoftennotthewholetruthaboutaperson.★makeupone’smindtodosth.下定決心做某事★changeone’smind改變主意keep/bear...inmind（keep/bearinmindthat...）記住……keep/fix/concentrateone’smindon全神貫注于……sth.comes/springstomind突然想到bring/call...tomind（使）想起……8either...or.../neither...nor...或者……或者……/既不……也不……1.[外研必修③－3]However，neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentare（be）entirelytrue.AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin’sexperimenttookplace，morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.neither...nor...連接兩個并列的主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)按"就近原則"確定。thedetailsoftheexperiment表示復數(shù)，故謂語應用復數(shù)形式，又根據(jù)第二句的時態(tài)可知，空處也應用現(xiàn)在時，故填are。2.[外研選必④－2]AlthoughtheytryveryhardtofindtheBlueBird，thebirdstheyfindeitherchangecolourordie.either...or.../neither...nor...還可連接兩個并列的動詞或分句。3.Tomdidn’tgotothecinemayesterdayatlast.Mikedidn’t，either.→NeitherTomnorMikewenttothecinemayesterdayatlast.（neither...nor...）4.如果你需要更多信息，你可以通過郵件或電話聯(lián)系我。（告知信）Ifyouneedmoreinformation，youcancontactmeeitherbyemailorbyphone.★either...or.../neither...nor...為并列連詞，連接兩個并列成分。連接兩個并列的主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)按"就近原則"確定。9狀語從句的省略1.Thoughfrightened（frighten），thecalfgatheredallherstrengthtogetupbutslippedoverandoveragain. （讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫）本句中由Though引導的讓步狀語從句若補充完整，為Thoughshewasfrightened，從句主語與主句主語thecalf一致，且從句中含有be動詞was，故從句可省略shewas。2.Whenadapting（adapt）theplay，weranintosomedifficulties.本句中由When引導的時間狀語從句若補充完整，為Whenwewereadaptingtheplay，從句主語與主句主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞were，故從句可省略wewere。3.我永遠不會忘記自己面對那次事故中的傷員時那種無力的感覺。Iwouldneverforgetthefeelingofpowerlessnesswhenfacedwith/facingtheinjuredinthataccident.（face）"面對，面臨某人或某事物"可用facesb./sth.，也可用befacedwithsb./sth.?！锸÷詶l件：狀語從句中的主語是it或者與主句主語一致，且從句謂語中含有be動詞?！锸÷孕问剑菏÷詮木渲械膇t或主語以及be動詞。后綴-ly本單元：month（月）＋-ly（按……）→monthly（按月來算→每月的，按月的）拓展：1.[北師必修③－9]Thismeanstimely（time）reviewduringthisperiod，withafewrevisitstowhatislearnt，cansignificantlyhelpustoremembertheinformation.句意：這意味著在這段時間內(nèi)及時復習，對所學內(nèi)容重看幾次，可以大大幫助我們記住信息。分析句子結(jié)構可知，means后跟賓語從句，"（time）reviewduringthisperiod"為賓語從句的主語?？仗幬挥诿~review前，故應用形容詞。time"時間"，-ly"……的"，timely→時間的→及時的。2.[2021新高考Ⅰ]Thestaffisfriendly（friend）andhelpful，providingyouwithamapofthecitywhenyouarrive，andofferingadviceifyourequiresome.3.[人教選必①－2]Yourhomewillalsolearnyourdaily（day）routineandpreferences，soeverythingwillbereadyforyouwhenyougethomeeachevening.day"天，日"，－ly"按……"，daily→按天來算→每日的；按日的。4.[人教必修③－3]Iwalkedaroundlookingatthestreetartforafewhours.Itwasquitemodernandlively（live）.liveadj.活的/v.活，ly"像……的"，lively→像活的一樣→活潑的。注意：通常情況下，n.＋-ly→adj.，adj.＋-ly→adv.。但有些形容詞或動詞后加-ly，也可變?yōu)樾稳菰~。類似的還有：lonely"孤獨的"，deadly"致命的"，likely"可能的"，costly"花費大的"，等等。5.[人教選必②-1]Askingquestionscanhelpyouunderstandthecontent.Itcanalsohelpyouthinkmoredeeply（deep）aboutthetopic.deep也可以作副詞，表示"至深處"，deeply表示"深刻地；非常；至深處"。根據(jù)語境，此處應用deeply。一般來說，若一個單詞帶不帶-ly都可作副詞，不帶-ly的副詞多表示原義，而帶-ly的副詞多表示引申的含義。幾組常見易混的帶-ly和不帶-ly的副詞：late"遲，晚"，lately"近來"；hard"努力地，費力地"，hardly"幾乎不"；last"最后；最近"，lastly"（幾項中）最后一點；（一系列動作或事件中）最后"。Ⅰ.語法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配1.[2023全國甲]Aday’sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport？Ordoyoujustwanttobephysically（physical）fit，abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility？3.[2022浙江1月]Fornearlyadecadenow，Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist（special）.4.[2022浙江1月]Afterlongdiscussionswesomehowagreedtodoastudyonthepsychological（psychology）well-beingofteenagers.注意空后的well-being為名詞，意為"健康，安樂"。5.[2021全國乙]Still，55percentofAustralianshavealandline（座機）phoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter（29％）relyonlyontheirsmartphones，accordingtoasurvey（調(diào)查）.6.[北京高考]Noteveryoneactsthesameinresponsetoevents，andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.7.[全國Ⅰ]Whenthecontainerisfull，youcansucktherefreshment（refresh）outthroughthetube，andwon’thavetobreakdownthestill（蒸餾器）everytimeyouneedadrink.句意：當容器裝滿（水）時，你可以通過管子把水吸出來，這樣就不必在每次需要喝水的時候都破壞蒸餾器了。refreshment泛指"食物"或"飲料"時為不可數(shù)名詞，指"（會議或旅行等期間提供的）茶點"時，常用復數(shù)形式。8.[浙江高考]Thatyoungmanishonest，cooperative，alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.Inshort，he’sreliable（rely）.9.[全國Ⅰ]Ourmonthly（month）talksstartat19：30onthefirstThursdayofeachmonthexceptAugust.Ⅱ.閱讀理解——一詞多義、熟詞生義1.A.v.吸收 B.adj.全神貫注的C.v.理解，掌握①[2020新高考Ⅰ]Infact，mostpeopleonlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker’smessage. C②[全國Ⅰ]Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat’splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday’sworthofVitaminD. A③[全國Ⅱ]ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach. B2.[2021天津]Shehadtotaketimetodisciplineherdaughter. v.管教discipline作名詞還可表示"紀律；自制力；學科"。如：☆Theschoolhasareputationforhighstandardsofdiscipline.這所學校因紀律嚴格而聞名遐邇?！頗e’llnevergetanywhereworkingforhimself─he’sgotnodiscipline.他為自己工作是不會有什么成就的——他毫無自制力?！頣oanswerthesequestions，Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines.為了回答這些問題，布魯克斯調(diào)查了非常多學科。3.[2020江蘇]Beforeoneoftheseworkouts，themenskippedbreakfast，meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast（禁食）.v.不做（應做的事等）；不參加句意：在其中一次這樣的鍛煉之前，這些人不吃早餐，這意味著他們在通宵禁食后完全空腹鍛煉。Before引出時間狀語，meaning...是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，其中包含一個that引導的賓語從句。skip作動詞，意思較多：蹦跳；跳（繩）；略過；快速轉(zhuǎn)移（話題）；悄悄溜走；打水漂。4.[江蘇高考]Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry，you’dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars：Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies. v.攪亂mom-and-popadj.（商店或企業(yè)）夫妻（或家庭）經(jīng)營的。disturb熟義為"打擾"，除此之外，還有"使焦慮，使不安，使煩惱"之意。如：Thelettershockedanddisturbedme.這封信使我感到震驚和不安。5.[江蘇高考]IntestsconductedbyTomasello，thehumanchildrendidnobetterthanthechimps（黑猩猩）onthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocialworld. adj.客觀存在的，物質(zhì)的句意：在托馬塞洛進行的測試中，人類兒童在客觀世界測試中的表現(xiàn)并不比黑猩猩好，但在理解社會世界方面明顯表現(xiàn)得更好。physicalworld與socialworld相對應。physical熟義為"身體的"，除此之外還有"物理學的"意思，如：physicallaws"物理定律"。Ⅲ.寫作——基礎寫作、讀后續(xù)寫寫作一基礎寫作——越野賽跑活動報道[2020新高考Ⅰ]假定你是李華，上周日你校舉辦了5公里越野賽跑活動。請你為校英文報寫一篇報道，內(nèi)容包括：1.參加人員；2.跑步路線：從校門口到南山腳下；3.活動反響?！?qū)懽饕c1.為了讓我們學生振奮起來，激發(fā)我們對運動的興趣，我們學校上周日組織了一場5公里越野賽跑。（refresh，stimulate）Inordertorefreshusstudentsandstimulateourinterestinexercise，ourschoolorganizeda5kmcross-countryracelastSunday.2.來自20個班級的90名學生報名了比賽，其中30名是女生，沒有一人逃賽。（skip）Ninetystudentsfromtwentyclasses，ofwhomthirtyweregirls，enteredfortherace，andnoneofthemskippedit.3.早上9點，參賽者們一接到信號就從學校門口出發(fā)了，經(jīng)過人民公園，最后到達了南山腳下，疲憊不堪，但很開心。（wornout）Atnineo’clockinthemorning，theparticipantssetoutfromtheschoolgateassoonastheyreceivedthesignal，throughtheRenminPark，andfinallyarrivedatthefootofNanshanMountain，wornoutbuthappy.4.比賽很有意義，不僅提高了我們的身體和心理素質(zhì)，而且?guī)椭覀儤淞⒘朔e極的生活態(tài)度。（rewarding，physical，psychological）Theracewasrewarding，notonlyimprovingourphysicalandpsychologicalqualities，butalsohelpingusbuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.◎連句成篇請運用恰當?shù)倪B接詞將以上寫作要點串聯(lián)成一篇語意連貫的短文。ACross-CountryRunningRaceInordertorefreshusstudentsandstimulateourinterestinexercise，ourschoolorganizeda5kmcross-countryracelastSunday.Ninetystudentsfromtwentyclasses，ofwhomthirtyweregirls，enteredfortherace，andnoneofthemskippedit.Atnineo’clockinthemorning，theparticipantssetoutfromtheschoolgateassoonastheyreceivedthesignal，throughtheRenminPark，andfinallyarrivedatthefootofNanshanMountain，wornoutbuthappy.Allofusagreedthattheracewasrewarding，notonlyimprovingourphysicalandpsychologicalqualities，butalsohelpingusbuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.Therefore，wedohopethattheschoolwillholdmoresimilaractivitiesinthefuture.寫作二讀后續(xù)寫——動作描寫之各種"笑"積累背誦仿寫運用單詞smile，laugh，grin咧嘴笑，giggle咯咯地笑，chuckle輕聲地笑根據(jù)左欄素材完成下列各句1."我成功了。"我高興地喊道，然后轉(zhuǎn)過身來，對姐姐報以溫暖的微笑。"Imadeit，"Icriedindelightandturnedaround，castingawarmsmileatmysister.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）2.老師盡管對這個結(jié)果很失望，但還是勉強露出一絲微笑。Althoughtheteacherwasdisappointedattheresult，hestillforced/squeezedasmile.3.他用方言講了個笑話，逗得大家哈哈大笑。Hetoldajokeindialect，makingeveryoneroarwithlaughter.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）4.聽到我們隊贏得了比賽，教練笑得合不攏嘴。Hearingthatourteamwonthematch，ourcoachgrinned/smiledfromeartoear.5.當意識到我們有多么傻的時候我們都笑得渾身直抖。Weallshookwithlaughterwhenwerealizedhowstupidwe’dbeen.詞組1.grin/smilefromeartoear笑得合不攏嘴2.force/squeezeasmile勉強露出一絲微笑3.castasmileatsb.向某人微笑4.abright/bigsmile/grin燦爛的笑容5.laughone’sheadoff狂笑不已6.burstintolaughter突然大笑7.roarwithlaughter放聲大笑8.shakewithlaughter笑得渾身直抖佳句1.Shewasrelievedtoseehisfacelightupwithaboyishgrin.看到他臉上現(xiàn)出孩子氣的笑容，她總算松了口氣。2.Theaudienceroaredwithlaughteratthecomedians’jokes.觀眾們被喜劇演員的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。3.WhenIwalkedpasther，sheflashedashysmileatmewithoutsayinganything.我從她旁邊走過時，她羞怯地朝我一笑，什么也沒說。一、閱讀理解A[健康意識/2023甘肅蘭州一診]Ministerswillofferrewardssuchasclothesvouchers（票券）anddiscountedthemeparkticketsinreturnforexercisingandeatinghealthily，underplanstosolveBritain’sobesitycrisis.Theanti-obesityproject，whichusesanapptohelppeoplemakechangestotheirdietandphysicalactivity，willlaunchnextyear，initiallyinapilot（試驗性的）project.ParticipantswillwearFitbit-styledevicesthatcangeneratepersonalizedhealthrecommendations，suchasincreasingtheirstepcount，eatingmorefruitandvegetablesandreducingportion（分量）size.Thoseincreasingtheirexercisebytakingpartinorganizedeventssuchasparkrunsorwalkingtoschoolorworkmayaccumulateextrapointsintheapp.Theappcouldalsobeusedtomonitorsupermarketspending，rewardingthosewhocuttheircalorieintakeandbuyhealthieroptions.Participantswillcollectpointsfortheirhealthybehaviors，whichwillunlockrewardsthatcouldincludegympasses，clothesorfoodvouchersanddiscountsforshops，cinemaorthemeparktickets.Afteracompetitivetender（投標）process，HeadUphasbeenchosentodelivertheproject，with3millionpoundscomingfromtheDepartmentofHealthandSocialCaretoprovideincentivesinthepilot.Evidencesuggestsfinancialincentivescanimproveratesofphysicalactivityandinspirehealthiereating.HeadUpwillworkwitharangeoforganizationstoproviderewardssuchasvouchers，discountsandgiftcards.SajidJavid，thehealthsecretary，said："Thisnewpilotwillpavethewayfordevelopinginnovativewaystoimprovethelivesofindividuals，andalsohelptoreducestressontheNationalHealthService.Thispilotisanexcellentopportunitytofindhowbesttoinspirepeopletomakesmallchangestotheirdailylivesthatwillhavealastingpositiveimpactontheirhealth."為了解決英國社會的肥胖危機，英國政府推出了反肥胖運動。1.What’sthepurposeofintroducingtheanti-obesityproject？A.Toprotectpeople’shealth.B.Tohelppeoplesavemoney.C.Toencourageresearchineducation.D.Tofindacureforobesity-relatedillnesses.解析A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段"Ministerswilloffer...planstosolveBritain’sobesitycrisis"和第二段中的"usesanapptohelppeoplemakechangestotheirdietandphysicalactivity"可以看出，反肥胖運動是為了解決英國社會的肥胖危機，保障人民身體健康，故A項正確。2.Whatcanweknowfromthesecondparagraph？A.Theprojecthasbeenproventobeverysuccessful.B.Participantswillunlocktherewardsbyusingtheapp.C.Participantswillberewardediftheyliveahealthylifestyle.D.ParticipantswillloseweightwhentheywearFitbit-styledevices.解析C細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"rewardingthosewhocuttheircalorieintakeandbuyhealthieroptions.Participantswillcollectpointsfortheirhealthybehaviors，whichwillunlockrewards...tickets"可知，如果參與者減少卡路里攝入、購買更健康的食品，也就是有一個健康的生活方式，他們就可以獲得各種形式的獎勵和積分，故C項正確。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"incentives"inParagraph3probablymean？A.Data. B.Suggestions.C.Rewards. D.Products.解析C詞義猜測題。由畫線詞前面的"with3millionpoundscomingfromtheDepartmentofHealthandSocialCare"和第二段的內(nèi)容可知，衛(wèi)生與社會保障部會投資300萬英鎊來獎勵那些采用健康生活方式的參與者，因此畫線詞incentives應表示"獎勵，鼓勵"，故C項與畫線詞在意義上最為接近。4.What’sSajidJavid’sattitudetowardstheanti-obesityproject？A.Negative. B.Positive.C.Indifferent. D.Notclear.解析B態(tài)度推斷題。由最后一段中SajidJavid所說的話"Thisnewpilotwillpavethewayfordevelopinginnovativewaystoimprovethelives...helptoreducestress...Thispilotisanexcellentopportunity...positiveimpactontheirhealth"可以看出，SajidJavid對反肥胖運動持積極的態(tài)度，故B項正確。B[2024貴州貴陽摸底]OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones，onaverage，344timesaday—onceeveryfourminutes—andspendalmostthreehoursadayontheirdevicesintotal.Theproblemformanyofusisthatonequickphone-relatedtaskleadstoaquickcheckofouremailorsocialmediafeeds，andsuddenlywe’vebeentrappedintoendlessscrolling（刷屏）.Whatwedoknowisthatthesimpledistractionofcheckingaphoneorseeinganotification（通知）canhavenegativeconsequences.Thisisn’tverysurprising；weknowthat，ingeneral，multitaskingharmsmemoryandperformance.Oneofthemostdangerousexamplesisphoneusewhiledriving.Onestudyfoundthatmerelyspeakingonthephone，nottexting，wasenoughtomakedriversslowertoreactontheroad.It’strueforeverydaytasks，too.Simplyhearinganotification"ding"madeparticipantsofanotherstudyperformfarworseonatask—almostasbadlyasparticipantswhowerespeakingortextingonthephoneduringthetask.Inonerecentstudy，forexample，researchersaskedparticipantstoeitherputtheirphonesnexttothemsotheywerevisible（likeonadesk），nearbyandoutofsight（likeinabagorpocket），orinanotherroom.Participantsthencompletedaseriesoftaskstotesttheirabilitiestoprocessandrememberinformation，theirproblem-solving，andtheirfocus.Theywerefoundtoperformfarbetterwhentheirphoneswereinanotherroominsteadofnearby—whethervisible，poweredonornot.Thatheldtrueeventhoughmostoftheparticipantsclaimednottobeconsciouslythinkingabouttheirdevices.Ourbrainsmaybesubconsciouslyhardatworkonpreventingthedesirefromcheckingourphones，orconstantlymonitoringtheenvironmenttoseeifweshouldcheckourphone（eg.waitingforanotification）.Eitherway，thisdistractedattentioncanmakedoinganythingelsemoredifficult.Theonly"fix"，theresearchersfound，wasputtingthedeviceinadifferentroomentirely.手機會讓人們分心，而這不免會引發(fā)負面后果。究其原因，多任務處理會損害人們的注意力和表現(xiàn)?！驹~語積累】devicen.裝置，設備multitaskingn.多任務處理visibleadj.可見的，看得見的processv.處理，加工claimv.聲稱，宣稱constantlyadv.重復不斷地，一直，始終entirelyadv.完全地，徹底地1.WhatdidtherecentreportinParagraph1find？A.Multitaskingisverydangerous.B.Thenotificationisalwaysheard.C.Peopleareaddictedtomobilephones.D.Peoplelikedoingphone-relatedtasks.解析C細節(jié)理解題。由第一段的"OnerecentreportfoundthatadultsintheUSchecktheirphones...ontheirdevicesintotal"可知，最近的一份報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國成年人平均每天查看手機344次——每4分鐘一次——每天總共花在手機上的時間接近3個小時。再結(jié)合第一段的"suddenlywe’vebeentrappedintoendlessscrolling（刷屏）"可知，人們會突然陷入無止境的刷屏中。因此該報告發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對手機上癮，故選C項。2.Howisthetextdeveloped？A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Byexaminingdifferences.C.Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.D.Byanalyzingcausesandgivingexamples.解