2023年6月四六級(jí)閱讀訓(xùn)練【閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)】21天（18-21）

(18/21)冰箱的好與壞Thefridgeisconsiderednecessary.Ithasbeensosincethe1960swhenpackagedfoodlistappearedwiththelabel:"Storeintherefrigerator."InmyfridgelessFiftieschildhood,1wasfedwellandhealthy.Themilkmancameeveryday,thegrocer,thebutcher(肉商),thebaker,andtheice-creammandeliveredtwoorthreetimeseachweek.TheSundaymeatwouldlastuntilWednesdayandsurplus(剩余的)breadandmilkbecameallkindsofcakes.Nothingwaswasted,andwewerenevertroubledbyrottenfood.Thirtyyearsonfooddeliverieshaveceased,freshvegetablesarealmostunobtainableinthecountry.Theinventionofthefridgecontributedcomparativelylittletotheartoffoodpreservation.Manywell-triedtechniquesalreadyexisted--naturalcooling,drying,smoking,salting,sugaring,bottling...Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing---marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheworldinsearchofagoodprice.Consequently,mostoftheworld'sfridgesaretobefound,notinthetropicswheretheymightproveuseful,butintherichcountrieswithmildtemperatureswheretheyareclimaticallyalmostunnecessary.Everywinter,millionsoffridgeshumawaycontinuously,andatvastexpense,busilymaintaininganartificially-cooledspaceinsideanartificially-heatedhouse--whileoutside,natureprovidesthedesiredtemperaturefreeofcharge.Thefridge'seffectupontheenvironmenthasbeenevident,whileitscontributiontohumanhappinesshasbeennotimportant.Ifyoudon'tbelieveme,tryityourself,investinafoodcabinetandmmoffyourfridgenextwinter.Youmaynoteatthehamburgers(漢堡包),butatleastyou'llgetridofthatterriblehum.練習(xí)題：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.Thestatement"Inmyfridgelessfiftieschildhood,Iwasfedwellandhealthily."suggeststhat______.A.theauthorwaswell-fedandhealthyevenwithoutafridgeinhisfifties.B.theauthorwasnotaccustomedtofridgeseveninhisfifties.C.therewasnofridgeintheauthor'shomeinthe1950s.D.thefridgewasinitsearlystageofdevelopmentinthe1950s.2.Whydoestheauthorsaythatnothingwaswastedbeforetheinventionoffridges?A.Peoplewouldnotbuymorefoodthanwasnecessary.B.Foodwasdeliveredtopeopletwoorthreetimesaweek.C.Foodwassoldfreshanddidnotgetrotteneasily.D.Peoplehadeffectivewaystopreservetheirfood.3.Whobenefitedtheleastfromfridgesaccordingtotheauthor?A.Inventors.B.Consumers.C.Manufacturers.D.Travellingsalesmen.4.Whichofthefollowingphrasesinthefifthparagraphindicatesthefridge'snegativeeffectontheenvironment?A.“Humawaycontinuously”.B.“Climaticallyalmostunnecessary”.C.“Artificially-cooledspace”.D.“Withmildtemperatures”.5.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardfridges?A.Neutral.B.Critical.C.Objective.D.Compromising.1.[C]句意理解題。由句中的childhood可知，fifties指的應(yīng)該是50年代，而不可能是50多歲，據(jù)此可排除A、B;fridgeless是合成詞，由詞根fridge"冰箱”和表示否定的后綴-less組成，由可推斷其意為“無(wú)冰箱的"，故C正確。2.[D]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。在第2段中，說(shuō)到“不會(huì)浪費(fèi)東西”前，作者指出把吃剩所述并非不浪費(fèi)食物的原因，也可排除。3.[B]觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。綜觀全文，作者對(duì)認(rèn)為冰箱不是必備品，最后一段更明故B正確。4.[A]詞義理解題。A中的hum指"發(fā)出嗡嗡聲",表明冰箱產(chǎn)生的嗓音，是對(duì)環(huán)境的負(fù)面作用，故正確。B、D只是指出冰箱在實(shí)際上沒(méi)有必要使用的地區(qū)卻被廣泛使用;C僅說(shuō)明冰箱是對(duì)人工加熱房間的影響，并不能說(shuō)明其對(duì)環(huán)境的影B考査作者的觀點(diǎn)，可根據(jù)文中細(xì)節(jié)得出答案。第3段首提到，冰箱對(duì)保存食物沒(méi)有多大貢獻(xiàn)，最后一段首則指出它對(duì)環(huán)境的影響已是顯而易見(jiàn)的，這些細(xì)節(jié)都表明作者對(duì)冰箱持批評(píng)態(tài)度。地層TheEarthcomprisesthreeprincipallayers:thedense,iron-richcore,themantlemadeofsilicate(硅酸鹽)thataresemi-moltenatdepth,andthethin,solid-surfacecrustTherearetwokindsofcrust,aloweranddenseroceaniccrustandanupper，lightercontinentalcrustfoundoveronlyabout40percentoftheEarth'ssurface.Therocksofthecrustareofverydifferentages.Somecontinentalrocksareover3,000millionyearsold,whilethoseoftheoceanfloorarelessthan200millionyearsold.Thecrustsandthetop,solidpartofthemantle,totalingabout70to100kilometersinthickness,atpresentappeartoconsistofabout15rigidplates,7ofwhichareverylarge.Theseplatesmoveoverthesemi-moltenlowermantletoproduceallofthemajortopographical(地形學(xué)的)featuresoftheEarth.Activezoneswhereintensedeformationoccurareconfinedtothenarrow,interconnectingboundariesofcontactoftheplates.Therearethreemaintypesofzonesofcontact:spreadingcontactswhereplatesmoveapart,convergingcontactswhereplatesmovetowardseachother,andtransformcontactswhereplatesslidepasteachother.NewoceaniccrustisformedalongoneormoremarginsofeachplatebymaterialissuingfromdeeperlayersoftheEarth'scrust,forexample,byvolcaniceruptions(爆發(fā))oflava(火山熔巖)atmid-oceanridges.Ifatsuchaspreadingcontactthetwoplatessupportcontinents，arift(裂縫)isformedthatwillgraduallywidenandbecomefloodedbythetea.TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethisastheAmericanandAfro-Europeanplatesmovedinoppositedirections.Whentwoplatescarryingcontinentscollide,thecontinentalblocks,toolighttobedrawndown,continuetofloatandthereforebuckle(起褶皺)toformamountainchainalongthelengthofthemarginoftheplates.練習(xí)題：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.TheEarth’scrust______.A.canbeclassifiedintotwotypesB.isformedalongthemarginsoftheplatesC.consistsofsemi-moltenrocksD.isabout70to100kilometersthick2.The15platesoftheEarthareformedfrom___.A.theoceaniccrustsandcontinentalcrustsB.thecrustsandthemantleC.thecrustsandthetopandsolidpartofthemantleD.thecontinentalcrustsandthesolidpartofthemantle3.Seriously-deformedzonesappear_______A.wheneverthecrustsmoveovermantleB.whentheplatesmovetowardseachotherC.inthenarrowboundarieswheretwoplatesmeetD.tobethemajortopographicalfeatureoftheEarth4.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,theformationoftheAtlanticOceanistheexampleof_______.A.spreadingcontactsB.theinfluenceofvolcaniceruptionsC.convergingcontactsD.transformcontacts5.Thispassageisprobably_______.A.anewspaperadvertisementB.achapterofanovelC.anexcerptfromatextbookD.ascientificreportofnewfindings1.[A]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)A與文章第1段第2句所述一致，為正確答案。此類(lèi)題可采用排除法。根據(jù)第2段第2句的內(nèi)容可以知道選項(xiàng)B所指的只是地殼中的一種.而不是所有地殼。選項(xiàng)C與文章第1句的內(nèi)容不符。選項(xiàng)D的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是地殼和上層的地幔，不僅僅是地殼。2.[C]推理判斷題。此題可定位到第1段倒數(shù)第3句。題干中的15plates是原文該句中的賓語(yǔ)，且該句的謂語(yǔ)中心詞是consistof(由......組成)，題干的謂語(yǔ)是areformedfrom，這意思一致，但題目用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。表明答案可從原文該句的主語(yǔ)得到。主語(yǔ)中的top和solid并列修飾partofthemantle。選項(xiàng)C為該句的同義替換，故正確。3.[C]亊實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)第1段最后一句的同義改寫(xiě)。文章中沒(méi)有提到選項(xiàng)A中thecrustsmoveovermantle這種現(xiàn)象;選項(xiàng)B提到的現(xiàn)象在第2段第1句才討論到，與題干無(wú)關(guān);文中也沒(méi)有提到嚴(yán)重變形的地區(qū)是地球的主要地形特征，因此選項(xiàng)D不正確。4.[A]亊實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第2段主要分成兩部分：第一部分談板塊活動(dòng)的三種形式，第二部分分別舉例說(shuō)明其中在說(shuō)明spreadingcontacts時(shí)，引用了大西洋的例子："TheAtlanticOceanformedlikethis..."，所以答案為A。5.[C]主旨大意題。由本文的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格和描述內(nèi)容可以判定這篇文章既不是商業(yè)性的，也不是文學(xué)性的同時(shí)文中敘述的內(nèi)容具有科普性質(zhì)，不可能是太前沿蟲(chóng)AremarkablevarietyofinsectsliveinthisplanetMorespeciesofinsectsexistthanallotheranimalspeciestogether.Insectshavesurvivedonearthformorethan300millionyears,andmaypossesstheabilitytosurviveformillionsmore.Insectscanbefoundalmosteverywhere--onthehighestmountainsandonthebottomofrushingstreams,inthecoldSouthPoleandinbubblinghotsprings.Theydigthroughtheground,jumpandsinginthetrees,andrunanddanceintheair.Theycomeinmanydifferentcolorsandvariousshapes.Insectsareextremelyusefultohumans,pollinating(授粉)ourcropsaswellasflowersinmeadows,forests,desertsandotherareas.Butlicksandsomeinsects,suchasmosquitoesandfleas,cantransmitdisease.Therearemanyreasonswhyinsectsaresosuccessfulatsurviving.Theiramazingabilitytoadaptpermitsthemtoliveinextremerangesoftemperaturesandenvironments.Theoneplacetheyhavenotyetbeenfoundtoanymajorextentisintheopenoceans.Insectscansurviveonawiderange,ofnaturalandartificialfoods—paint,pepper,glue,books,grain,cotton，otherinsects,plantsandanimalsBecausetheyaresmalltheycanhideintinyspaces.Astrong,hardbutflexibleshellcoverstheirsoftorgansandisresistanttochemicals,waterandphysicalimpact.Theirwingsgivethemtheoptionofflyingawayfromdangeroussituationsortowardfoodormales.Also,insectshaveanenormousreproductivecapacity:AnAfricanantqueencanlayasmanyas43,000eggsaday.Anotherreasonfortheirsuccessisthestrategyofprotectivecolor.Aninsectmayberightbeforeoureyes,butnearlyinvisiblebecauseitiscleverlydisguisedlikeagreenleaf,lumpofbrownsoil,graylichen(青苔),aseedorsomeothernaturalobjectSomeinsectsusebright,boldcolorstosendwarningsignalsthattheytastebad,stingorarepoison.Othershavewingpatternsthatlookliketheeyesofahugepredator,bitter-tastinginsects;hungryenemiesarefooledintoavoidingthem.練習(xí)題：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.InsectscanbefoundinlargeamountsinthefollowingplacesEXCEPT._____A.onthemountainswithlittleairB.inthecoldpolarareasC.inthehotdesertareasD.intheopenoceans2.Insectsprotectthemselvesfromchemicalsby_______A.hidingintinyspacesB.havingastrongshellC.flyingawaywhennecessaryD.changingcolorsorshapes3.Someinsectsdisguiselikenaturalobjectssoasto______A.frightenawaytheirenemiesB.avoidbeingdiscoveredC.sendwarningsignalsD.lookbitter-tasting4.Thepassagementionsthatinsects______.A.canbefoundinanyextremeenvironmentsB.havesurvivedlongerthananyothercreaturesC.canbefedonanynaturalorman-madefoodsD.areimportantforthegrowthofcropsandflowers5.Thepassageismainlyabout______A.howinsectssurviveindifferentplacesB.whyinsectscansurvivesosuccessfullyC.whatinsectscandototheenvironmentD.whereinsectscanbefoundinquantityD及第3段都提及昆蟲(chóng)大量生長(zhǎng)的地方，第3段第3句中的Theoneplace指出了答案。2.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)復(fù)雜句的理解。第4段第1句指出了答案。protect…from…是對(duì)resistantto的同義替換。invisible表明昆蟲(chóng)偽裝是為了不被發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。其他選項(xiàng)雖然都是昆蟲(chóng)偽裝的目的，但都與偽裝成自然物體無(wú)關(guān)。4.[D]推理判斷題。本題考查對(duì)含有分詞結(jié)構(gòu)句子的理解。根據(jù)第2段倒數(shù)第2句中的useful及分詞結(jié)構(gòu)pollinating可推斷昆蟲(chóng)對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)有益處。選雖在開(kāi)頭指出昆蟲(chóng)存活的年代久遠(yuǎn)，但全文未提到它是存活時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的生物，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。至于昆蟲(chóng)的食物，第3段倒數(shù)第2句有提及,但只是awiderangeof,由此可排除選項(xiàng)C。5.[B]主旨大意題。本文前兩段首先描述了昆蟲(chóng)生存了很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，并能在各種地方生長(zhǎng)，然后引出文章要討論的重點(diǎn)，即昆蟲(chóng)為什么能成功存活。第3段第1句為本文的中心句，因此本題正確選項(xiàng)為B。老虎的生存危機(jī)By1970,accordingtoaWorldWildlifeFundreport,onlyabout4,500tigerssurvivedthroughouttheworld-halfoftheminIndia.Mr.Foresters,whofollowedandcountedtigerfootprints,estimatedthatinMay1972onlyabout1,800tigersexistedinIndia.ProjectTigerSupportedbyW.W.F.wasimmediatelylaunched.Ninetigerreserves(保留地)werecreated,witharmedguardsprotectingthem.TheprojectprovidedopportunitiesforresearchersfromIndiaandabroadtostudytigersinthereservesandgatherpreviouslyunavailableinformationabouttheirhabits.Studiesshowthatamaletigermaycontrolahuntingterritoryofbetween10and20squarekilometers,dependingonitsage,sizeandstrength.Theterritoryofmaleincludesthesmallerterritories(領(lǐng)地)ofthreeorfourtigresses.Atigermarkstheboundariesofitsterritoriesbysprayingurineandotherbodilyliquidsonbushes.Butittriestoavoidterritorialfights,beingguidedbythedistinctivebodysmellofothertigers.Tigersfighttodeathonlywhenatigressisdefendingheryoung,orwhenatigerisguardingatigressfromtheattentionsofothermales.Thepopularimageofthetigeristhatofamercilessandunconquerablehunter.Butstudiesshowthatitcatchesonlyoneof20victimsittriestoattack.FearshaverecentlydevelopedthatProjectTigerhasbeentoosuccessful.Ithasenabledthetigerpopulationtodouble(bymid-80S),butIndia"shumanpopulationhasalsogrownoutofcontrol.Currentlyitis750millionandlikelytobe900millionbytheendofthecentury.Landproblemisbecomingseriousandmanyruralpeoplefeelbitteraboutthefactthatsomerichforestsarereservedfortigers.Agrowingnumberofattacksbytigersonmanhasaddedtothehostility.練習(xí)題：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.TheultimateaimofProjectTigeristo_____.A.studythegrowthrateoftigersB.protecttigersfrombeingkilledC.promotethebreedingofyoungtigersD.analyzethebehavioralpatternsoftigers______2.Studieshaveshownthat______A.atigressneverattacksuntilattackedB.thetigressisnotasfierceasthetigersC.atigerusuallyfightsanothertigertodefenditsownterritoryD.thetigerisnotanefficienthunterasiscommonlydescribed3.Accordingtothepassage,atiger"sterritory_____.A.remainsunchangedB.isoftendefendedbytigressesC.expandsasthetigergrowsupD.isthecauseofmostfights4.SomepeopleareafraidthatProjectTiger_____.A.hasbeencarriedtoofarB.hasnotreceivedenoughattentionC.hasfailedtoachieveitsgoalD.isnotworththemoneyspentonit_____5.Theauthorseems._____A.tobeenthusiasticaboutProjectTigerB.tohaveamatter-of-factattitudetowardsProjectTigerC.tohaveahostileattitudetowardsProjectTigerD.tobesatisfiedwithProjectTiger1.[D]根據(jù)文章第1段，老虎被捕殺是其數(shù)量劇減的根本原因，因此使老虎免于被殺是野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)基金會(huì)的最終目的，故選D。2.[B]第3段第2句說(shuō)，但研究表明老虎捕捉獵物的成功率僅為1/20，B與之相符。第2段說(shuō)到老虎一般會(huì)避免領(lǐng)土之爭(zhēng)，C與之不符，故排除;A、D在原文中并未提及均可排除。3.[A]第2段第2句提到，研究表明，一頭雄老虎依年齡、體型及力量可以控制10至20公里的狩獵領(lǐng)地，隨著老虎的長(zhǎng)大，其體型及力量都在增大，其占領(lǐng)的狩獵領(lǐng)地的面積自然也就增大，故A正確。4.[C]文章第4段首句說(shuō),許多人近來(lái)開(kāi)始擔(dān)心老虎項(xiàng)目過(guò)于成功，C項(xiàng)是該句的同義替換，故為答案。5.[B]縱觀全文，作者對(duì)于老虎保護(hù)項(xiàng)目沒(méi)有加入個(gè)人的主觀色彩，他持的是一種客觀的態(tài)度，故選B。聯(lián)邦快遞FederalExpressisacompanythatspecializesinrapidovernightdeliveryofhigh-prioritypackages.Thefirstcompanyofitstype,FederalExpresswasfoundedbytheyouthfulFredSmithin1971,whenhewasonly28yearsold.SmithhadactuallydevelopedtheideafortherapiddeliveryserviceinatermpaperforaneconomicsclasswhenhewasastudentatYaleUniversity.Thetermpaperreceivedaless-than-stellargradebecauseoftheinfeasibilityoftheprojectthatSmithhadoutlined.ThemodelthatSmithproposedhadneverbeentried;itwasamodelthatwasefficienttooperatebutatthesametimeverydifficulttoinstitute.Smithachievedefficiencyinhismodelbydesigningasystemthatwasseparatefromthepassengersystemandcould,therefore,focusonhowtodeliverpackagesmostefficiently.HisstrategywastohavehisownplanessothathecouldcreatehisownschedulesandtoshipallpackagesthroughthecentralizedhubcityofMemphis,aset-upwhichresemblesthespokes(輪輻)onthewheelofabicycle.Withthiscombinationofhisownplanesandhubset-up,hecouldgetpackagesanywhereintheUnitedStatesovernight.WhatmadeSmith’sideadifficulttoinstitutewasthefactthattheentiresystemhadtobecreatedbeforethecompanycouldbeginoperations.HeneededafleetofaircrafttocollectpackagesfromairportseverynightanddeliverthemtoMemphis,wheretheywereimmediatelysortedandflownouttotheirnewdestinations;heneededafleetoftruckstodeliverpackagestoandfromthevariousairport