BBC英語六分鐘-每天堅(jiān)持口語Are we afraid of food

Areweafraidoffood?BBC英語六分鐘練起來（2023.03.10）TranscriptNote:Thisisnotaword-for-wordtranscriptNeil

Helloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish.I'mNeil…Alice

…andI'mAlice.Neil,whatareyoueating?Neil

Peanuts.Alice

Hmm.Didyouknowthatoneoftheproducers,here,hasanallergytopeanuts?

Neil

No,Ididn't–butthey'renotinthestudiowithus,soitdoesn'tmatter,doesit?Alice

Itonlytakesatinypieceofpeanuttocauseabigallergicreactioninsomepeople.An

allergy

bytheway,isaconditionthatmakesyoufeelillaftereating,touchingorbreathinginaparticularsubstance.Neil

Andfoodallergiesarethesubjectoftoday'sshow.Alice

Alright,putyourpeanutsdown,Neilandanswertoday'squizquestion.Whatsubstanceisusedtotreatasevereallergicreaction?Isit…

a)penicillin?

b)adrenalin?

Orc)aspirin?Neil

OK,well,I'mgoingtogofora)penicillin.Alice

Well,we'llfindoutifthat'stherightanswerlateron.Nowlet'slistentoDrMarianneWilliamstalkingaboutwhybeingtoocleanmaynotbeagoodthing.SheisadieticianhereintheUK.INSERT

DrMarianneWilliams,gastroenterologydietician,UK

Forroughlythefirstmonthoflifetheimmunesystemisswitchedoffinessenceandeverythingthey[babies]getexposedtointhatfirstmonthinlife–dogs,cats,aunts,uncles,grannies,grandpas,family,dirt–everything–thatiswheretheybuildupallthebacteriathatarethengoingtocolonisetheirgutinthefuture.Now,ifyou'rebornintoaverysterileenvironment,asisincreasinglythecaseinthewesternworld,everything'skeptterriblyclean,andoneofthetheoriesisthatwejustarenotgettingenoughexposuretoavarietyofbacteriaatthatveryveryearlystageinthatfirstmonthoflife.Alice

DrMarianneWilliams.The

immunesystem

isourbody'sdefenceagainstinfection.Andit's

switchedoff

–ornotworking–forthefirstmonthofababy'slife.Neil

Andthroughexposuretolotsofthingsinourenvironment–that'sfamily,pets,dirtandsoon–youngbabiesmeetdifferentbacteriaforthefirsttimewhich

colonise

–orliveandgrowin–theirguts.Alice

Yes,butinasterileenvironmentbabiesdon't

get

exposedto

–ordon'tmeet–awideenoughvarietyofbacteria.

Sterile

meanscompletelycleanandfreeofbacteria.Andthere'satheorythatbeingtoocleanandbacteria-free–nowwehavesoap,antibioticsandbettersanitation–hasleadtoanincreaseinallergies.Neil

Sodirtyplayforbabiesisgood–mud,pets,pickingstuffupoffthefloorandeatingit.Alice

Didyouusetoeatfoodoffthefloorwhenyouwerelittle,Neil?Neil

Usedto?Istilldo.Ienjoyfoodfromthefloor!Alice

Well,Neil,whatcanIsay?We'rebothluckytobeallergy-free.Ihaveafriendwhohasanallergyto

gluten

–aproteinfoundinwheatandsomeothergrains–andshehastobeverycarefulaboutwhatsheeatssoshedoesn'tgetill.Neil

Thesupermarketsarequitehelpful,though,aren'tthey,withproducts'freefromthis'and'freefromthat'?Alice

Thisishelpful,yes.Butthefoodindustryisnowmarketingtheirproductstoattractconsumerswhodon'thavea

proven

–ortested–allergy.Neil

Whywouldyoubuyfree-fromfoodsifyoudon'thaveafoodallergy?Alice

Well,peoplehavestartedtobelievethatcertainfoods–likeglutenordairy–arebadforus,thoughthereisn'tanymedicalevidencetosupportthis.Let'shearabouthow

rickets

–adiseasecausedbyalackofVitaminDinthediet–isaffectingsomechildrenintheUK.ThisisBBCreporterMikeWilliams.INSERT

MikeWilliams,

BBCreporter

RicketsiscommoninthedevelopingworldbutthisisLondoninthe21st

century.Thesechildrenaren'tmalnourishedbecausethey'retoopoortoeatwell–it'stheopposite.Theiroftenmiddle-classparentsarespendingmoneytogivethemfoodswithingredientstakenout.It'sasifsomeofushavebecomeunnecessarilyfrightenedofourfood.Neil

Ricketsusuallyaffects

malnourished

childrenfrompoorcountries–childrenwhodon'thaveenoughtoeat–anditmakestheirbonesweak.ButhereinLondonsomeparentsarebuyingtheirchildrenexpensivefree-fromfoods–forexampletoavoiddairy–andaresometimesmakingthemveryill.Alice

Itsoundscrazy,doesn'tit?Neil

Yeah…it's

nuts!Getit?Nuts.Alice

Verygood.Neil

Yes.Nuts-thatmeanscrazy.NowIthinkit'stimefortheanswertotoday'squizquestion.Alice

OK,then.SoearlierintheshowIasked:Whatsubstanceisusedtotreatasevereallergicreaction?Isit…a)penicillin?

b)adrenalin?

Orc)aspirin?Neil

Isaida)penicillin.Alice

Andyouwerewrong,Neil!Thecorrectanswerisb)adrenalin.Aninjectionofadrenalincanbeusedtotreat

anaphylaxis

–orsevereallergicreactions–toinsectstings,foods,drugs,andotherallergens.Antibioticssuchaspenicillintreatbacterialinfectionsandaspirinisapainkilleryoumighttakeforaheadache.Neil

OK,canyoutellusthewordsweheardtodayagainplease,Alice?Alice

Sure.Theyare:

allergy

immunesystem

switchedoff

colonise

getexposedto

sterile

gluten

proven

rickets

malnourished

nuts

anaphylaxisNeil

Well,that'stheendoftoday's6MinuteEnglish.Don'tbeafraidtojoinusagainsoon.Alice

Youknowwheretofindus,don'tyou?Goto

whereyou'llfindgrammarpoints,vocabularyandmoreeditionsof6MinuteEnglish.Both

Bye.

Vocabularyallergy

aconditionthatmakesyoufeelillaftereating,touchingorbreathinginaparticularsubstanceimmunesystem

ourbody'sdefencesagainstinfectionanddiseaseswitchedoff

(inthiscontext)notworkingcolonise

liveandgrowingetexposedto

(inthiscontext)meetorencountersterile

completelycleanwithnobacteriagluten

aproteinfoundinwheatandsomeothergrainsproven

testedortruerickets

adiseasecausedbyalackofVitaminDinthedietandaffectsbonedevelopmentinchildrenmalnourished

nothavingenoughtoeatorenoughofthefoodyouneedtokeepyouingoodhealthnuts

crazyanaphylaxis

asevereallergicreactionTranscript（雙語版）Helloandwelcometo6MinuteEnglish.I’mNeil...大家好，歡迎收聽六分鐘英語。我是尼爾?！璦ndI’mAlice.Neil,whatareyoueating?我是愛麗絲。尼爾，你在吃什么？Peanuts.花生。Hmm.Didyouknowthatoneoftheproducers,here,hasanallergytopeanuts?你知道我們這的一個(gè)制作人對花生過敏嗎？No,Ididn’t–butthey’renotinthestudiowithus,soitdoesn’tmatter,doesit?我不知道，但是他們現(xiàn)在沒在錄音棚，所以沒事吧？Itonlytakesatinypieceofpeanuttocauseabigallergicreactioninsomepeople.Anallergybytheway,isaconditionthatmakesyoufeelillaftereating,touchingorbreathinginaparticularsubstance.對一些人來說，接觸一丁點(diǎn)花生就會產(chǎn)生很大的過敏反應(yīng)。過敏是指食物、接觸或吸入某種特別的物質(zhì)后產(chǎn)生的不適反應(yīng)。Andfoodallergiesarethesubjectoftoday’sshow.食物過敏就是今天節(jié)目的主題。Alright,putyourpeanutsdown,Neilandanswertoday’squizquestion.Whatsubstanceisusedtotreatasevereallergicreaction?Isit…a)penicillin?b)adrenalin?Orc)aspirin?把你的花生放下，回答今天的問題吧。下列哪個(gè)物質(zhì)可以治療嚴(yán)重的過敏反應(yīng)？a)青霉素?b)腎上腺素?還是c)阿司匹林?OK,well,I’mgoingtogofora)penicillin.我選a)青霉素。Well,we’llfindoutifthat’stherightanswerlateron.Nowlet’slistentoDrMarianneWilliamstalkingaboutwhybeingtoocleanmaynotbeagoodthing.SheisadieticianhereintheUK.好的，之后看你回答得是否正確?，F(xiàn)在我們來聽聽MarianneWilliams醫(yī)生解釋為什么食物太干凈了也不是好事。她是英國的營養(yǎng)學(xué)家。Forroughlythefirstmonthoflifetheimmunesystemisswitchedoffinessenceandeverythingthey[babies]getexposedtointhatfirstmonthinlife–dogs,cats,aunts,uncles,grannies,grandpas,family,dirt–everything–thatiswheretheybuildupallthebacteriathatarethengoingtocolonisetheirgutinthefuture.Now,ifyou’rebornintoaverysterileenvironment,asisincreasinglythecaseinthewesternworld,everything’skeptterriblyclean,andoneofthetheoriesisthatwejustarenotgettingenoughexposuretoavarietyofbacteriaatthatveryveryearlystageinthatfirstmonthoflife.在生命最開始的一個(gè)月時(shí)間里，孩子的免疫系統(tǒng)基本上是關(guān)閉的，滿月的嬰兒在這時(shí)接觸的所有人或物，如狗、貓、叔叔阿姨、爺爺奶奶、家庭成員、塵土，所有這些都是之后入駐他們腸道系統(tǒng)的細(xì)菌的來源。有這么一種說法，如果出生在無菌的環(huán)境中（越來越多的西方家庭采取這種措施），所有東西都可怕的干凈，人們就不會在生命最開始的一個(gè)月中接觸到那么多各類的細(xì)菌。DrMarianneWilliams.Theimmunesystemisourbody’sdefenceagainstinfection.Andit’sswitchedoff–ornotworking–forthefirstmonthofababy’slife.人們就不會在生命最開始的一個(gè)月中接觸到那么多各類的細(xì)菌。滿月嬰兒的免疫系統(tǒng)是關(guān)閉的，不工作的。Andthroughexposuretolotsofthingsinourenvironment–that’sfamily,pets,dirtandsoon–youngbabiesmeetdifferentbacteriaforthefirsttimewhichcolonise–orliveandgrowin–theirguts.通過接觸環(huán)境中的各種人或物，如家庭成員、寵物、灰塵等，嬰兒會初次接觸各類細(xì)菌，之后這些細(xì)菌會長駐嬰兒的內(nèi)臟中。Yes,butinasterileenvironmentbabiesdon’tgetexposedto–ordon’tmeet–awideenoughvarietyofbacteria.Sterilemeanscompletelycleanandfreeofbacteria.Andthere’satheorythatbeingtoocleanandbacteria-free–nowwehavesoap,antibioticsandbettersanitation–hasleadtoanincreaseinallergies.但是在無菌的環(huán)境下，嬰兒就不會接觸到各類的細(xì)菌。無菌是指完全干凈，隔離細(xì)菌。有一種說法，在過于干凈、無菌的環(huán)境中，就像現(xiàn)在我們使用香皂、抗生素，注重衛(wèi)生清潔的情況下，人體更容易過敏。Sodirtyplayforbabiesisgood–mud,pets,pickingstuffupoffthefloorandeatingit.所以把自己弄得臟兮兮的對嬰兒來說有好處，例如在泥土里打鬧、和寵物玩耍、在地板上撿起東西并塞進(jìn)嘴里。Didyouusetoeatfoodoffthefloorwhenyouwerelittle,Neil?你小時(shí)候會在地上撿起東西就塞進(jìn)嘴里嗎？Usedto?Istilldo.Ienjoyfoodfromthefloor!過去？我現(xiàn)在也會這么做。我喜歡從地板上撿起的食物！Well,Neil,whatcanIsay?We’rebothluckytobeallergy-free.Ihaveafriendwhohasanallergytogluten–aproteinfoundinwheatandsomeothergrains–andshehastobeverycarefulaboutwhatsheeatssoshedoesn’tgetill.好吧，我還能說什么？我們都很幸運(yùn)，沒有過敏。我有一個(gè)朋友對谷蛋白過敏，谷蛋白是小麥和一些谷物中含有的蛋白質(zhì)，她必須對吃的食物非常小心，不然就會生病。Thesupermarketsarequitehelpful,though,aren’tthey,withproducts’freefromthis’and’freefromthat’?超市在這方面做得很好，會在產(chǎn)品上表明“不含這”，“不含那”。Thisishelpful,yes.Butthefoodindustryisnowmarketingtheirproductstoattractconsumerswhodon’thaveaproven–ortested–allergy.這確實(shí)很有幫助。但是食品行業(yè)如今向無過敏史的消費(fèi)者宣傳他們這些產(chǎn)品。Whywouldyoubuyfree-fromfoodsifyoudon’thaveafoodallergy?如果并不會對食物過敏，人們?yōu)槭裁匆矔I這種食品呢？Well,peoplehavestartedtobelievethatcertainfoods–likeglutenordairy–arebadforus,thoughthereisn’tanymedicalevidencetosupportthis.Let’shearabouthowrickets–adiseasecausedbyalackofVitaminDinthediet–isaffectingsomechildrenintheUK.人們開始相信有些食物對人體有害，如谷蛋白或乳制品，盡管沒有任何醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù)支撐。由于膳食中缺乏維生素D，英國的孩子們開始受佝僂病的影響。我們來聽一聽。RicketsiscommoninthedevelopingworldbutthisisLondoninthe21stcentury.Thesechildrenaren’tmalnourishedbecausethey’retoopoortoeatwell–it’stheopposite.Theiroftenmiddle-classparentsarespendingmoneytogivethemfoodswithingredientstakenout.It’sasifsomeofushavebecomeunnecessarilyfrightenedofourfood.佝僂病在發(fā)展中國家很常見，但我們現(xiàn)在是在21世紀(jì)的倫敦。這些孩子們營養(yǎng)不良不是因?yàn)樘F吃不好，恰恰相反。他們中產(chǎn)階級的父母花費(fèi)不少錢給他們買營養(yǎng)不全的食品。我們中的一些人似乎對食物產(chǎn)生了不必要的恐懼。Ricketsusuallyaffectsmalnourishedchildrenfrompoorcountries–childrenwhodon’thaveenoughtoeat–anditmakestheirbonesweak.ButhereinLondonsomeparentsarebuyingtheirchildrenexpensivefree-fromfoods–forexampletoavoiddairy–andaresometimesmakingthemveryill.佝僂病通常發(fā)生在營養(yǎng)不良的貧窮國家的孩子身上，他們沒有足夠的食物，因此骨頭很脆弱。但是在倫敦，一些父母花大價(jià)錢購買營養(yǎng)不全的食品，例如不含乳類的食品，這使得孩子們極易生病。Itsou