新視野英語第五冊詞匯全集

prevalenta.（正式）（在某地或某時）流行的，盛行的；普遍的

continuityn.連續(xù)性，連貫性

inherenta.固有的，內(nèi)在的，天生的

inherentlyad.固有地,本質(zhì)上,內(nèi)在地

decisivea.1.無疑的，明確的2.堅決的，果斷的3.決定性的，關(guān)鍵性的

permeatevt.滲透，滲入，充滿

telecommunicationsn.電信

accessoryn.L附件，附屬品2.（慫恿、幫助罪犯進行犯罪活動，但犯罪時不在現(xiàn)場的）

同謀，從犯

literallyad.1.確切地，真正地2.逐字地3.按字面地4.（用于加強語氣）簡直

blessvt.（祈求上帝）祝福，賜福于

blessingn.1.上帝的恩賜;幸事2.批準(zhǔn)，鼓勵

instantaneousa.即刻的；瞬間發(fā)生的

literacyn.識字，能讀能寫，有文化

minglev.相混合，（與另一物或人）混在一起

distortvt.1.曲解；歪曲2.使變形，弄歪

formidablea.1.困難的，難以克服的2.可怕的，令人生畏的

precedentn.（用來處理同類問題時行之有效的）先例

diploman.畢業(yè)文憑，學(xué)位證書

certifyvt.1.授予合格證書2.證明，證實

competencen.能力，技巧

simulatevt.（正式）模擬，模仿；假裝

repertoiren.1.全套，全部本領(lǐng)/功能2.（演員或劇團的）全部節(jié)目；保留節(jié)目

vocationala.職'加上的，'業(yè)務(wù)上的

productivea.L多產(chǎn)的;豐饒的2.生產(chǎn)...的,生產(chǎn)性的

flawvl,使有瑕疵

n.缺點，瑕疵

adolescentn.&a,青少年（的），處于青春期的孩子（的）（約13—16歲）

innovationn.革新，創(chuàng)新，改革

geneticadj.遺傳的，起源的

doomvt.使...遭厄運,注定，判決

n.厄運，毀滅，死亡

dilemman.困境，兩難境地，進退維谷

breakthroughn.突破，發(fā)現(xiàn)

offspringn.子孫，后代;幼獸

clonevt.克隆,復(fù)制

imaginativea.富于想像的，有想像力的

PhrasesandExpressions

rangefrom...to（在一定幅度或范圍內(nèi)）變動，變化

withtheexceptionof除外,除...之外

haveaccessto有接近（或使用）...的機會

inlargemeasure在很大程度上，多半

tailortoone'sneed使適應(yīng)特定需要

huntdown找尋,搜尋...直至找到

drawon憑借，動用，利用

intheabsenceof缺乏，沒有

withrespectto關(guān)于,就...而言,在方面

callfor需要

garmentn.衣服，服裝

cripplevt.1.使殘疾2.損壞,削弱

n.傷殘人

tugv.用力拉，拖

limpvi.1.跛行，一痛一拐地走2.（船只等）艱難行進；（業(yè)務(wù)等）緩慢進行

optimismn.樂觀主義

affirmvt.L斷言，堅定地聲明，證實正確2.支持或維護……的正確性

sacreda.神圣的，不可侵犯的

nourishvt.1.滋養(yǎng)；喂養(yǎng)2.培養(yǎng):保持，懷有

assimilatevt.L理解，掌握2.吸收，消化（食物）；被消化，被吸收3.（使）同化

innumerablea.無數(shù)的，數(shù)不清的

tempon.1.步調(diào)，節(jié)奏2.（音樂的）節(jié)拍

pleadvi.L懇求，祈求2.答辯，在法庭上提出特定的申辯

nurturevt.1.培養(yǎng),促進成長2.養(yǎng)育，培育

n.L營養(yǎng)物2,養(yǎng)育，培養(yǎng)

naivea.天真的，幼稚的

symposiumn.L專題研討會2.專題論文集

authentica.1.真實的，真正的2.可靠的，可信的

proficiencyn.水平，精通

pathetica.引起憐憫的，令人悲哀的

tuckvt.塞

n.（衣服的）褶

murmurvt.低聲說，以柔和低沉的聲音說

n.低聲細語―；小聲或偷偷的抱怨

handicapn.殘疾；缺陷,不利條件

v.妨礙

decreen.命令，法令；判決

eccentricn.古怪的人

a.（人及其行為）古怪的，反常的，怪異的

indignanta.憤慨的，憤憤不平的

cooperativea.1.合作進行的2.合作的，協(xié)作的

staggerv.1.蹣跚，搖搖晃晃地走2.使吃驚；壓倒3.錯開時間，交錯安排

superintendentn.監(jiān)督人，負責(zé)人

dizzya.L頭昏目眩的，頭昏眼花的2.令人暈眩的

expendvt.花費，用光（時間、精力等）

scramblevi.1.爭奪，奪取2.攀登，爬行

exilev.流放，放逐

n.1.流放，放逐2.流亡國外者

complyvi.遵照，遵守

PhrasesandExpressions

acton遵照……行動，奉行

bebornof來源于

fillout(aform)填(表格)

beatdown打倒，壓制,平息

ATechnologicalRevolutioninEducation

Ahumanbeingtransportedfromtheyear1900toourtimewouldrecognizemuch

ofwhatgoesonintoday'sclassrooms—theprevalentlecturing,theemphasisondrill,

andthematerialsandactivitiesrangingfromthebasicreadertotheweeklyspelling

tests.Withthepossibleexceptionofthechurch,fewinstitutionshavechanged

as1ittleasthosechargedwiththeformaleducationofthenextgeneration.

Contrastthiscontinuitywithchildren'sexperiencesoutsidetheschoolwalls.

Inmodernsocietychildrenhaveaccesstoarangeofmediathatwouldhaveseemed

likeamiracleinanearlierera.Thevisitorfromthepast,whowouldreadily

recognizetoday'sclassroom,wouldhavetroublerelatingtotheout-of-schoolworld

ofa10-year-oldtoday.

Schools—ifnoteducationgenerally—areinherentlyconservative

institutions.Inlargemeasure,Iwoulddefendthisconservativetendency.But

changesinourworldaresorapidandsodecisivethatitwillnotbepossiblefor

schoolstoremainastheyareortosimplyintroduceafewsuperficialimprovements.

Indeed,ifschoolsdonotchangerapidlyandradically,theyarelikelytobereplaced

byothermoreflexibleinstitutions.

TheTransformingPowerofComputers

Themostimportanttechnologicaleventofourtimeistheriseofthecomputer.

Computersalreadypermeatemanyaspectsofourlives,fromtransportationand

telecommunicationstoentertainment.Scarcelyignorantofthesetrends,many

schoolsnowhavecomputersandnetworkingcapacity.Tosomeextent,these

technologicalaccessorieshavebeenabsorbedintothelifeoftheschool,though

oftentheysimplydelivertheoldlessonsinamoreconvenientandefficientformat.

Inthefuture,however,educationwillbeorganizedlargelyaroundthecomputer.

Computerswillpermitadegreeofindividualinstructionthatinthepastwas

availableonlytotherich.Allstudentsmayreceiveacurriculumtailoredtotheir

needs,learningstyle,pace,andrecordofsuccesswithearliermaterialsand

lessons.

Computertechnologyputsalltheinformationintheworldatone，sfingers,quite

literally.Thisisbothablessingandacurse.Nolongerdowehavetospendlong

periodsoftimehuntingdownasourceoraperson—now,deliveryofinformation

isinstantaneous.Soonwewillnotevenhavetotypeinaninstruction;wewill

beabletosimplyaskaquestionoutloudandthecomputerwillprintoutorspeak

theanswer.Thuspeoplewillachieveinstant〃culturalliteracy〃.

Lesshappily,theInternethasnomeansofqualitycontrol;"anyonecanplay”.

Informationanddisinformationminglecomfortablyand,asofyet,thereareno

reliablewaystodistinguishsensefromthedistortedfactsanddownrightnonsense

commonontheNet.Identifyingthetrue,thebeautiful,andthegood—andwhich

ofthesetruths,beauties,orgoodsareworthknowing—constitutesaformidable

challenge.

Itmightbesaid,inresponse,thattheworldhasalwaysbeenfilledwith

misinformation.Trueenough,butinthepasteducationalauthoritiescouldatleast

choosetheirfavoritetexts.Today'ssituation,witheveryonehavinginstantaneous

accesstomillionsofsources,iswithoutprecedent.

CustomizingEducation

Inachangefromprevioustrends,theacquisitionofadiplomafromcertified

institutionsmaybecomelessimportant.Individualswillbeabletoeducate

themselvesandexhibittheircompetenceinasimulatedsetting.Whypay$120,000

togotolawschool,ifonecan“readlaw“asinearliertimesandthendemonstrate

one'srepertoireoflegalskillsviaacomputer-simulatedpracticalexamination?

Orlearntoflyaplaneorconductsurgerybysimilarmeans,forthatmatter?

Muchofeducationinthepastwasessentiallyvocational:designedtomakesure

thatindividualscouldcarryoutasinglejob,reliably,throughouttheirproductive

adultyears.Nowadays,thisassumptionisflawed.Fewpeoplewillremaininthe

sameoccupationfortheirwhole1ives;manywillmovefrequentlyfromoneposition,

company,andsectoroftheeconomytoanother.

Theexplosionofnewandrapidlychangingrolesintheeconomymakeseducation

muchmorecomplicated.Mostadultteachersandparentswillnothaveexperiences

onwhichtheycandrawtoprepareyoungstersforaworldinwhichtheycanexpect

tochangejobsregularly.Intheabsenceofprecedent,adolescentswillhaveto

preparethemselvesforrapidlychanging“careerpaths“andlifesituations.

TheFurtherEffectsofTechnology

Whilecomputer-basedteachingfigurestobethedominanttechnological

influenceoneducation,otherinnovationswillhaveimpactsaswell.Medical

technologieswillpermitstudyofstudents'brainactivityandbloodflowasthey

engageinvariouskindsofproblem-solvingorcreativeactivities.

Enhancedunderstandingofthegeneticbasisoflearningisalsolikelytoinvade

theclassroom.Itmaybepossibletodeterminewhichyoungstersarelikelyto

advancequicklyandwhichonesseemdoomedto'difficult〃schoolexperiences.Some

authoritieswillinsistthatthesefindingsbeappliedinspecificcases,while

otherswillvigorouslyobjecttoanydecisionsmadeonthebasisofgenetic

information.Drugsthatclaimtoimprovelearning,memory,orenthusiasmwill

becomereadilyavailable.Teachersandparentsmayfacemoraldilemmasthatwould

inearliertimeshavebeenrestrictedtosciencefiction.

Finally,recentbreakthroughsinbiologyandmedicinemaychangeeducationin

themostradicalways.Ifindividualsseekto"design"offspringthroughgenetic

engineering,ortoalterthegeneticstructureofanalreadyexistingperson,or

ifitbecomespossibletoclonehumans,thenourdefinitionsofwhatitmeansto

beahumanbeing,andtobeapartofahumansociety,willbechangedforever.

ConservatismIsNotNecessarilyEvil

Ihavenotedthateducationisconservative,andthatthisconservativetendency

isnotnecessarilyanevil.Indeed,withrespecttothetransmissionofvaluesand

theteachingofcertainsubjects,aconservativeapproachmaywellbecalledfor.

Yettheexplosionofknowledgecallsforcloseandfreshattentiontothecurriculum.

Newandimaginativeapproacheswillhavetobedevelopedifyoungpeoplearetobe

preparedfortherapidlychangingrolestheycanexpecttoassume.

Words:1,009

BeYourOwnTailor

Amanwenttoatailorandtriedonasuit.Ashestoodbeforethemirror,he

noticedthejacketwasalittleunevenatthebottom.〃0h,〃saidthetailor,〃don't

worryaboutthat.Justholdtheshorterenddownwithyourrighthandandnoone

willevernotice.

Thecustomerthennoticedthatthecollarofthejacketcurledupinsteadof

lyingflat.〃0h,that,“saidthetailor."That'snothing.Justturnyourheada

littleandholddownthecollarwithyourchin.〃Thecustomernextcomplainedthat

thebottomsofthetrouserswereabittoohigh.〃0h,don,tworryaboutthat,〃said

thetailor,“justpullthetrousersdownwithyourlefthand,andeverythingwill

beperfect.Thecustomeragreedthatthegarmentnowlookedfineandhepurchased

it.

IamateacherandIamalsothatcrippledman.Ihavetugged,pulled,limped,

heldonandbentover,butwhyhaven'tImadetheeducationsystemlooklikea

well-fittingsuit?Ihavelistenedtothetailor'sinsteadofmyownvoice.

Inthebeginningofourcareersasteachers,avoice,fullofoptimism,spoke

clearlytous.Itsaid,Iamateacherand1amvaluable.Thevoiceaffirmedthat

thesacredrelationshipbetweenchildandteacherwastheclassroom'sstrength.The

voicerangout:Servethechildfirst.Dowhatisimportant.Actonprinciples.Work

hard.Takecare.Thevoiceinsisted:Makeadifference.

Andwhathappenedtothevoice?

Asteachers,wewantedsomuchtobelieveinourselves,tomakethatdifference,

thatwenevernoticedwewerenothingmorethanfactoryworkers.Wedidnotwant

toadmitthatthissystem,whosebusinessitwastonourishmindsandmolddreams,

wasbarelymorethana19th-centuryfactorywhereourstudentscollectedbasicskills

onanassemblyline.Wetriednottoconfrontwhowereallywere-workers,not

professionals,inafactorycalledschool.

Andwhereareourvoicesnow?

Wearebusyputtingoutfires,movingfromonecrisistothenext,swallowing

onenewprogramafteranother,tryingtoassimilatenewstrategiesinone-day

trainingprograms一digestingnothing,meetingthedemandsandexpectationsof

innumerablespecialinterests.Thetempoofourworkdoesnotallowustimeto

reflectortodream.Dreamsarebornofreflection,butwearenotareflective

profession.Dreamsarebornofrest,butwearenotarestedprofession.Wehave

allowedthetailortodesignoursuits.

Thevoicecallsouttous,Iknowthetruth.Iknowwhyschoolsdon，twork,

whythissuitdoesn，tfit.Weignorethatvoice.Bestill.Youmightgetinto

trouble.

Thevoicepleads,IneedtimetonurturemyselfandtherelationshipsIhave

withmystudentsandpeers,Ineedfewerstudents.Whosaid25wasmanageable?But

wesilencethevoice.Peoplewillsayyouarenaive.

Thevoicesuggests,Ineedintensivetraining,morethanaweekendsymposium

orafter-schoolmeetings,tolearnhowtoimplementnewpoliciesinmyclassorto

setupauthenticdemonstrationsofproficiency.Weputdownthevoice.

Thenextday,themanworehisnewsuit,usingallthehandandchin〃adjustments”.

Asthispatheticmanlimpedthroughtheparkwithhischintuckeddown,onehand

tuggingathiscoatandtheothergraspinghistrousers,twomenstoppedplaying

chesstowatch.〃0h,myGod,〃saidthefirst."Lookatthatpoorcrippledman.〃

Thesecondmanreflectedforamoment,thenmurmured,〃Yes,hishandicapishorrible,

butIwonderwherehegotsuchafine,finesuit.〃

Noofficialdecreewillproducethekindsofchangesthatweknowarenecessary.

Onlyifweactfromavoicethatreflectsourworth,willeducationseethechanges

ithasbeenseekingforsomanydecades.Then,andonlythen,willwebeableto

standtallandproud,worthyofthename"teacher”.

Quiet.Ifyousaythat,somebodywillthinkyouareaneccentric.

Yettheindignantvoicecontinues.1can'tplanreallyeffectivelessonsor

designhands-onmaterialswithone45-minuteplanningperiodadayanda20-minute

lunchandatthesametimeservemy130students.Ican'timplementnewcritical

thinkingprograms,setupcooperativelearninggroups,meetwithparents,fillout

formafterformandstaggerhomenightafternightwithstillthreehoursofwork

todo.Weputourhandsoverourears.Oh,stopyourcomplaining.

Thevoicesighs,Iamtired.IfeelasifIhaveheavyropestiedaroundmy

waist.Statedepartments,schoolsuperintendents,parents,principalsandspecial

interestgroupsareallholdingontotheseropes.Eachispullingatme.Iam

dizzyandIamlosingmyabilitytoknowwhatistrulyimportant.

Bequiet.Noonewilllikeyouifyousaythat.

Andthevoicewhispers,whydoIexpendsomuchenergy?WhydoIscrambleto

coverallthematerialinthebook?WhydoIteachfrom8:00to3:00everyday?

WhyhaveIallowedofficialteststodrivemycurriculum?Werespond,justdoit.

Don，tcausetrouble.

Andthevoice,beatendown,under-nurturedandneverhonored,finallysays,I

amateacherand1amnotvaluable.Andthatisthevoicewelistentointheend.

Thatisthevoiceguidingouractions.

Oneauthorsays,〃Tobeourselvescausesustobeexiledbymanyothers,but

tocomplywithwhatotherswantcausesustobeexiledfromourselves.〃

Weteachershavebeenexiledfromourselvestoolong,andithascrippledus.

Ifeducationistoimprove,ifwearetomakethesystematicchangesnecessary

totakeusintothe21stcentury,teachersmustagainlistentothevoicethatsays:

YesIamateacherandyes,Iamvaluable.

Words:1,006

AWalkThroughCambridgeUniversity

SometimesitappearsthateverytowninBritainhasatleasthalfadozenghosts.

Ifitisntmurdervictims,thenit'sladiesingrayappearingatmidnight.

Cambridgeisdifferent,however,asthisuniversitycityisfillednotwi.thspirits

butwiththespiritoftherealpeoplewhohavelivedthereoverthecenturies.The

placeisfilledbythem.

AtthelastcountCambridgehadgiventheworld62NobelPrize-winners:Trinity

College（三一學(xué)院）alonehasproduced28ofthem.Therehavebeen13Britishprime

ministersand9leadersoftheChurchofEngland（英國國教會）.Greatscientistsof

thepast,suchasDarwinandNewton,havegivenwaytomodernthinkers,suchasCrick

andWatson,whodiscoveredDNA（脫氧核糖核酸）.Throwinmanymorefamouspoetsand

philosophersandsoonyoumayrealizetherichnessandvarietythathaspermeated

Cambridgelife.

ThevirtueofCambridgeisthatithasasmallcenter,whichmeansthatmost

placescanbereachedeasilyonfoot.Takeanopen-bustourifyouwish,oranofficial

guidedwalk,butit'sjustasmuchfuntodoityourselfandallowtimetosoakup

theatmosphereasyouwanderthroughthecolleges,sitinthegardens,andvisit

thesmallchurchesandpubs.

IfyouwalkfromthetouristinformationcenterdownBene't（shortforBenedict）

Street（本尼特大街），andlooktoyourleftyouwillseetheCavendishLaboratory（-k

文迪什實驗室）.Itmaynotlooklikeanythingspecialfromtheoutsidebutitwas

insidethosewallsthattheatomwasfirstsplitin1932,andwhereFrancisCrick

andJamesDeweyWatsonfinallysolvedthemysteryofDNAin1953,workforwhich

theyreceivedaNobelPrizenineyearslater.

Howstrange,yetappropriateforCambridge,thatsuchpioneeringworktookplace

inthehistoricshadeofStBene't'sChurch（圣本尼特教堂），whosetowerdatesfrom

about1025,thechurchitselfbeingtheoldestbuildinginthecounty.Insideit

isamixofancientandmodern.TakealookatthemodernstatueofJesus（耶穌）

thatcontrastswiththeancientpillarsdatingfromabout1300.

IfyouturnleftattheendofBene，tStreetyouwillseeHobson'sConduit（霍

布森水渠）.Thechannelsthatrunalongsidethestreetarecalledbythisnameas

itwasthephilosopherHobsonwhoprovidedmoneytoa17th-centuryschemetobring

freshwatertoCambridgethisway.

ThescaleofCambridge,shistoryisoftenbroughthometoyouinawaythatcan

makeyouonlyshakeyourheadinwonder.Hobson，sConduitrunsoutsidetheentrance

toPembrokeCollegethatwasfoundedin1347,andsowasalmost400yearsoldby

thetimetheConduitwasbuilt.Thegatehousethatleadsintothefirstcourtyard

istheoldestoneinCambridge;totheright,andattheendofapassageisthe

entrancetoPembrokeChapel（彭布羅克禮拜堂）.Builtin1663-1665,thiswasthe

firstclassicalstylebuildinginCambridgeandthefirstmajorarchitecturalwork

bySirChristopherWren,whowentontodesignmanypublicbuildingsinLondon.

Cambridge5sfirstcollegewasPeterhouse（彼得豪斯學(xué)院），foundedin1284and

locatedalmostoppositePembroke.OnestudentwhomovedfromPeterhousetoPembroke

wasthepoetThomasGray（托馬斯?格雷），bestknownforhisElegyWritteninaCountry

Churchyard（《寫于鄉(xiāng)間墓地的挽歌》）.Heregardedmostoftheotherstudentsthere

asdrunksandhadaropefittedoutsidethewindowofhisrooms,whichhebelieved

tobeatriskfromfire.Hisfellowstudentswouldshout〃Fire!〃sooftenoutside

hiswindowthatheeventuallymovedacrosstheroadtoPembroke.In1757,herefused

theinvitationtobecometheofficialpoetofEngland,butstayedinCambridgeto

becomeaprofessorofhistoryandmodernlanguagesin1768.

PeterhouseChapel（彼得豪斯禮拜堂）hasaninterestinghistory.Itwasbuiltin

1628butthenseriouslydamagedbyCromwelTs（克倫威爾）troopsinthe1650's,during

theirfighttoeliminatetheKingandformarepublic.Itsstainedglasseastwindow

washiddentoprotectitfromCromwell'ssoldiers,butwasputbackin1660after

anewkingcametopower.Itsurvivesinonepiece,over300yearslater.

AcuriouscomparisoniswiththefateofOliverCromwellJshead,overthesame

300years.Cromwel1diedin1658;afterhisdeaththenewkinghadCromwelldug

up,hungandbeheaded.Thekingwasobviouslytakingnochancesonhimcomingback.

Hisbodywasburiedagainandhisheadhungonapole,whereitstayedforthenext

twentyyears.Itblewoffinastormandamantookithome;onecanonlyimagine

thestateofthis"treasure”.Theheadproceededtopassthroughvarioushandsuntil

in1960,exactly300yearslater,theheadwassecretlyburiedsomewhereinSidney

SussexCollege（西德尼?薩賽克斯學(xué)院），onSidneyStreet（西德尼大街）,whichOliver

Cromwellhadattended.Thesecrecywasnecessaryasitwasfeltthatmodern

defendersofthecrownmightsti11trytostealtheheadanddestroyit.Asign

outsidetheentrancetothechapelbearswitnesstotheevent.

Aftersuchaviolenttaleyoumaywanttoretiretothemorepeacefulretreat

ofoneofthecollegegardens,suchasatChrist'sCollege（基督學(xué)院）.Passthrough

thegatewayandlooktothelefttoseetheentrancetotheroomsinwhichJohn

Milton（約翰?彌爾頓）stayedwhenhewasastudenthereintheearly17thcentury,

whileinthemiddleofthewallontherightarethestairswhichleadtotherooms

occupiedbyCharlesDarwin200yearslater.ParadiseLost（《失樂園》）ononeside,

TheOriginofSpecies（《物種起源》）ontheother.

WalkpastDarwin，sstairstothesecondcourt,andbeyondthattotheFellows，

Garden（教工花園），adelightfulretreat.Takeaseatinthegardenandlookaround

you.Thinkofthestudentsyouhavepassedonyourvisit,wonderingifyouhave

seensomebodywhointhefuturewillbeagreatscientist,poet,leader

Words:1,005

eternala.1.永久的，永世的2.無休止的，沒完沒J’的

invariablyad.不變地，恒定地；總是

perishvi.死去;消亡，毀滅

legendn.傳說，傳說的故事

originatevi.發(fā)源；產(chǎn)生，發(fā)起

fabulousa.L寓言（或傳說中）中的2.極好的,極妙的

wrinklevt.使起皺紋

n.皺紋

foula.邪惡的；道德敗壞的；殘酷的

temptvt.L誘惑，引誘2.引起...興趣；吸引

tubn.浴盆，浴缸

glandn.腺

foilvt.挫敗；抑制

probabilityn.1.可能性;或然性2.概率

infectiousa.傳染的，傳染性的

rupturev.（使）破裂，（使）裂開

n.破裂，裂開

appendixn.（pl.—dixesor—dices）1.闌尾2.附錄

afflictvt.使苦惱，使痛苦，折磨

optimuma.最佳的，最優(yōu)的

chronica.1.（疾?。┞缘?.長期患病的

adherevi.堅持，遵守

persistenta.1.堅持不懈的；執(zhí)意的2.持續(xù)的，持久的

despisevt.鄙視；看不起；討厭

profitablea.有利可圖的；有益的

patentvt.取得...的專利權(quán)

n.專利；專利權(quán)

calorien.（熱量單位）卡

traitn.特征，特性；品質(zhì)

descendantn.后裔,后代，子孫

manipulatevt.1.控制；影響2.操作；使用

promisinga.有希望的,有前途的

necessitatevt.需要；使成為必需

multituden.1.大批；眾多2.大眾，民眾

grima.1.艱苦的；嚴(yán)酷的;無情的2.堅強的，不屈的

diminishvt.減少，縮小

terminatevt.停止，結(jié)束；終止

wearya.1.疲倦的；厭倦的2.令人厭倦的

PhrasesandExpressions

lookforwardto期待,盼望

perishfrom死于,因...而死亡

originatein/from始自，米源于

holdonto堅持；遵守

bewelloff富裕的，境遇好的

adhereto堅持；遵守

slowdown減速；減緩

thresholdn.1.開端,開始2.門檻；門口

vergen.邊緣，邊界

vi.瀕臨，接近

DNAabbr.脫氧核糖核酸

embryon.胚胎；胎兒

previewvt.預(yù)習(xí)；預(yù)先審查

catastrophen.災(zāi)難

catastrophica.災(zāi)難性的

likelihoodn.可能（性）

ethicsn.倫理學(xué)；道德準(zhǔn)則，道德規(guī)范

deficiencyn.1.缺點，缺陷2.缺乏，缺少，不足

immunea.1.與免疫系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的2.免疫的，有免疫力的3.不受影響的

injectvt.1.注射2.引入；注入

complicationn.1.并發(fā)癥2.使復(fù)雜化的事物;復(fù)雜化

culminatevi.終于；達到頂點

skeptical（sceptical）a.持懷疑態(tài)度的；懷疑的

exotica.奇異的；外來的

invitrofertilization（IVF）試管受精；體外受精

prematurea.1.（嬰兒）早產(chǎn)的2.過早的,提前的

valven.L［解剖］瓣，瓣膜2.閥,閥門

epidemicn.時疫，流行病

a.（疾?。┝餍行缘模皇⑿械?/p>

denouncevt.才旨責(zé)；譴責(zé)

integrityn.1.完整，完整性；完全2.誠實，正直

heritagen.遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)

intervenevi.「涉，「擾，干預(yù)；介入

recipientn.1.接受者，接收者2.接收器

apta.L傾向于，易于.的2.適宜的,恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

appraisaln.評價，鑒定

malarian.瘧疾

inducevt.1.引起，導(dǎo)致2.勸誘，促使

abolishvt.廢止，廢除

exempta.被免除的，被豁免的

vt.免除，豁免

entrepreneurn.企業(yè)家

ironyn.L具有諷刺意味的事情，出人意料的事情2.反話，諷刺

arenan.1.領(lǐng)域，舞臺，活動場所2.表演場地，室內(nèi)運動場所

creationn.1.創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)建2.創(chuàng)造的作品，創(chuàng)作物

abortionn.流產(chǎn)，膻胎；夭折

anti-abortiona.反對流產(chǎn)的，反對墮胎的

rigorousa.1.嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的2,嚴(yán)酷的3.嚴(yán)密的，縝密的

scrutinyn.詳細審查

entityn.實體

PhrasesandExpressions

onthevergeof瀕臨;接近

inheritfrom從...繼承

injectinto給...注射；給注入

culminatein達到...頂點;以告終

resultin導(dǎo)致，引起

beaptto有...傾向的；易于的

DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?

(DoWeReallyWantEternalLife?)

Areyouhopingforalong1ife?Thoughtso.Areyoulookingforwardtogrowing

old?Thoughtnot.Menhavewantedonewithouttheotherforthousandsofyears,

andhaveinvariablybeendisappointed.TheSpanishexplorerJuanPoncedeLeonwas

morefamousforhissearchfortheFountainofYouththanfordiscoveringFlorida

in1513.Heneverdidfindthespringthatthenativeshadtoldhimof,andperished

fromapoisonedIndianarrowafewyearslater.

ThelegendoftheFountainofYouthmayhaveoriginatedinnorthernIndia.It

hadreachedEuropebythe7thcentury,andwaswidelyknownthereintheMiddleAges.

Onepainterpaintedafamouspictureofthefabulousspring,withwrinkledoldwomen

goinginatoneendandyoungbeautiescomingoutattheother.Writershave

constantlyimaginedworldswherepeoplelivedtoextraordinaryageswhileholding

ontotheiryouthfullooksandvigorbyvariousmeans,mostlyfoul.Tntherealworld

too,peoplearetemptedtotryallkindsofdisgustingthings,frombathingintubs

ofwarmmudtoreceivinginjectionsofmonkeyglands,al1inthehopeoffoiling

thenegativeeffectsofageing.

Thoughtheprobabilityoflivingtooldagehasrisensharply,theindividual

humanlifespansetbynaturehasremainedmuchthesamethroughmostofrecorded

history.Itwas?evenifmainlyintheory?70yearsatthetimetheBiblewaswritten,

anditisn，tmuchmorenow.Mostpeoplediedofonethingoranotherlongbefore

theirmaximumspanwasup.

Thebigachievementofmoderntimesisthat,indevelopedcountriesatleast,

mostpeoplearenowwe11enoughofftoreachtheagetheyweredesignedfor.Nolonger

dotheydieinlargenumbersinthefirstyearoflife,orlaterfrominfectious

diseasesandmedica