Unit4ProtectingourheritagesitesGrammarandUsage課件高中英語譯林版(2020)選擇性

.Definition定義1.同位語一個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）對(duì)另一個(gè)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行解釋或補(bǔ)充說明，這個(gè)名詞（或其它形式）就是同位語。拿掉不影響句子完整性。2.分類名詞（短語）代詞從句都可以充當(dāng)同位語本課重點(diǎn)：從句充當(dāng)同位語ⅠExamples1.Yourbrother,aniceteacher,isteachinggeography.2.Myfatherwillgoandseeithimself.3.Myfriendsallunderstandme.4.Igotafeelingthatonedayhewillbefamous.5.WeChinesepeoplearedeterminedandhard-working.名詞短語代詞代詞從句名詞短語3.同位語從句①定義同位語從句指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的從句，屬于名詞性從句的范疇。同位語從句用來對(duì)其前面的抽象名詞進(jìn)行解釋說明，被解釋說明的詞和同位語在邏輯上是主表關(guān)系（即被解釋說明的詞=同位語）。e.g.ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海輪可以開到五大湖，讓姐妹倆感到吃驚。抽象名詞同位語從句同位語從句即重復(fù)說明同一個(gè)稱謂或事件的從句同位語從句——常接同位語從句的名詞不是所有的名詞后面都能跟同位語從句，只有少數(shù)抽象名詞可以跟同位語從句。常見的充當(dāng)同位語從句先行詞的名詞有：adviceagreement協(xié)議belief信念doubt懷疑explanationfactword消息proposal建議hopeideanewsopinionorder命令promise諾言possibilityproblemtruthquestion問題reportsuggestionthoughtinformationwishwarning警告probabilityreplyevidence證據(jù)proof證據(jù)messageconclusionTheidea

thatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞連接代詞連接副詞Meaning？意義Component？在從句所做成分that,whetherwhat,which,who,whom,whosewhen,where,how,why從屬連詞that,whether1)Hetoldmethenews______hewouldcomehomefromabroadsoon.2)Shewasindoubt_________shehadmadetherightdecision.thatwhether小結(jié)：that:____意義、______成分、_______省略，只起連接作用whether:_____意義、______成分、_______省略無不作不可有不作不可只用whether引導(dǎo),不用if。連接代詞what,which,who,whom,whose1)Ihavenoidea________myclassmateisspeakingwith.2)Ihavenoidea_______causedthematter.3)Ihavenoidea_________shoesitis.4)Ihavenoidea_______onetochoose.whomwhatwhichwhose小結(jié)：連接代詞____意義、作_______________成分、_______省略有主、賓、定等不可賓主定定連接副詞when,where,how,why1)Youhavenoidea_______worriedIwas!2)Hehassolvedtheproblem________theTVwasoutoforder.3)Thecouplearediscussingthequestion________theyshouldhavetheirhoneymoonnextmonth.4)Thedecision_________theywillleaveforBeijinghasn’tbeenmade.howwhywhere/howwhen小結(jié)：連接副詞____意義、作______成分、_______省略有狀語不可同位語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞用法從屬連詞that無成分，無意義whether無成分，意為“是否”連接代詞what,which,who,whom,…+ever,whose在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語，定語連接副詞how,when,where,…+ever,why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語引導(dǎo)詞怎么選？一判二判判斷是否是名詞性從句判斷從句是否完整缺成分不缺成分缺人：who/whom缺東東：what缺定語：“哪個(gè)”——which；“誰的”——whose語義完整：that語義不完整：when、where、why、how、懸而未決：whether同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞均不可省略！特殊形式1.間隔式同位語從句同位語從句通常是跟在它解釋或說明的名詞后，有些情況下，同位語從句和名詞被其他詞隔開。①Wordcamethattheconcerthadbeenputoff.②Anideaoccurredtoherthatshecouldtryanotherway.特殊形式2.在某些名詞(如demand,suggestion,wish,advice,等)后的同位語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。①Wefollowedhisadvice

thatwe(should)turntoourteacherforhelp.②Weallagreedtohissuggestion

thatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.③Icanunderstandtheirwishes

thatthey(should)haveaholiday.

一堅(jiān)持insist二命令order,command三建議advise,suggest,propose四要求require,request,demand,desireComparethefollowingpairofsentences:Thenews

that

hetoldusatthemeetingmadeusexcited.定語從句，修飾作用；that有意義，是連接代詞,作賓語Thenews

that

Marywouldbepromotedmadeusexcited.同位語從句，表內(nèi)容；that無意義，是連接詞，不做句子成分同位語從句——與定語從句的辨析that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，句子完整；that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，句子不完整，缺成分（主/賓）。同位語從句定語從句引導(dǎo)詞實(shí)例引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有:that,whether,what,who,whom,whose,when,where,how等。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)只起連接作用，無具體意義，在從句中不作成分，不能用which代替，且不能省略。有些引導(dǎo)詞如how,whether,what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，不但起連接作用，而且在從句中作成分，作賓語時(shí)可以省略Theorder

thatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.(同位語從句,是對(duì)order的具體解釋,that雖不作成分,但不能省略)Theorder

thatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.(定語從句,是名詞order的修飾語,theorder在從句中作received的賓語,可以省略)Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.2.Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.3.That’sthebestpieceofnewsI’veheard.判斷下列句子哪些含有同位語從句，哪些含有定語從句。定語從句定語從句同位語從句4.Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7:30?

5.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesn’texistatall.

6.Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.

7.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.定語從句定語從句同位語從句同位語從句ChrisisreadinganarticleabouttheefforttosavehistorictemplesinEgypt.Findthesentenceswithappositiveclauses.()()()()()()()()ExploringtherulesWorkingouttherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)____,(2)_________oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.whetherthatReadthesentencesbelowandticktheonewithappositiveclauses.1WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohaddestroyedtheancientstatues.對(duì)doubt內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述修飾限定clue，從句缺主語3Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteisthreatened.4Thereisnoquestionwhetherweshouldprotectoursharedheritage--wesimplyhaveto.5IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.why修飾reason對(duì)question內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述對(duì)idea內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.Checkyouranswers!P49B2whetherthathowmanythatthatPracticeSomeholdthebelief_______theycanalwaysfindmorewaysofsolvingproblems.Thedecision_________wewillhavethecelebrationnextmonthhasnotbeenmade.Weworkashardaswecanintheknowledge_________oureffortswilleventuallypayoff.Doesanyonehaveanyidea_______hashappenedtoPaul?Sheraisedtheproblem________wecouldimprovecommunicationnetweenmanagersandstaff.thatthatwhetherwhathow6.Wehavejustreceivedawarning________astormisontheway.7.Thereissomedoubtamongthestudents__________thetravelplanwillbecancelled.8.Manypeoplerespondedpositive;ytothesuggestion_______weshouldraisemoneyforlocalcharities.9.Wehadaheateddiscussiononthequestion__________onlinelearningwasbettersuitedforhighschoolstudents.10.MrSmithreallyhasnoidea_______iswrongwiththeirprogramme.thatthatwhetherwhetherwhatPractice(1)Wewereexcitedatthenews.(2)Ourfootballteamhadwonthematch.2.(1)Theyhadthequestion.(2)Couldhepassthefinalexam?Wewereexcitedatthenewsthatourfootballteamhadwonthematch.Practice—合并句子。Theyhadthequestionwhetherhecouldpassthefinalexam.Doyouhaveanyidea_____allthishappened?A.which B.that C.why D.whether2.Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome____Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday．

A.if B.when C.that D.which3.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass________hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.

A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because一、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。四、翻譯句子。1.我們隊(duì)贏了那場(chǎng)比賽的消息是真的。Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.2.誰來接替他的位置，這個(gè)問題還沒有決定。Thequestionwhowilltakehisplacehasn’tbeendecided.AbuSimbeltemplesLead-in阿布辛拜勒神廟Doyouknowthisheritagesite?Task1:Whatdangerdidthetemplesface?Howweretheysaved?Task2：Findthesentenceswithappositiveclause.1....noonecandenythe

factthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.2....theyhadnoidea

whetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.3.Someexperts,however,hadafeeling

thatitwaspossible.4.Atfirst,theyhadnoidea

whichwaycouldwork.5.Therewasnoguarantee

thatitwouldwork...6....theexpertshadnoclue

whetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.7....wehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.ExploringtherulesWorkingtherulesAnappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent.Weoftenuse(1)________,(2)________

oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.thatwhetherApplyingtherules1.WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2.Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohad destroyedtheancientstatues.3.Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteis threatened.4.Thereisnoquestionthatweshouldprotectoursharedheritage— wesimplyhaveto.5.IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.Readthesentencesbelowandticktheoneswithappositiveclauses.B1定語從句定語從句ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.P49B2whetherthathowmanythatthatApplyingtherulesChris: Iwasupsetthatthoseaccidentbuildingswereinsuchbadcondition.Jenny: Butdidn’tyouhearthenews(1)_________________________?Chris: No,Ididn’t.That’sgreatnews!Ihaveadream(2)_____________________________________________________.Jenny: I’lljoinyou.Afterall,wehavenoidea(3)__________________________________.Inpairs,