北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷1（共305題）

北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷1（共5套）（共305題）北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷第1套一、詞匯(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)1、Takingphotographsisstrictly_____here,asitmaydamagethepreciouscavepaintings.A、forbiddenB、rejectedC、excludedD、denied標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：禁止拍照要用forbid。2、Mr.Brown’sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill_____.A、pullbackB、pullupC、pullthroughD、pullout標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞pull均可與選項(xiàng)中的介詞搭配。四個(gè)詞組的意義分別為：pullback表示“把……向后拉，反悔，(使)撤退，緊縮開(kāi)支”；“拔起，停下，阻止”；“渡過(guò)難關(guān)；脫離危險(xiǎn)期，恢復(fù)健康”(=pullround.)；“(火車)離站；撤離，離開(kāi)”。根據(jù)前半部分的“condition(病，疾病)”可知本題選C。3、Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer’s_____ratherthanthecompany’s.A、benefitB、availabilityC、suitabilityD、convenience標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：suitsb．’sconvenience是常見(jiàn)用法，表示“照顧某人的方便”。因此，答案為D。4、Thepriestmadethe____ofthecrosswhenheenteredthechurch.A、markB、signalC、signD、gesture標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)詞中，只有sign可與“cross(十字)”搭配。5、Thisspaciousroomis____furnishedwithjustafewarticlesinit.A、lightlyB、sparselyC、hardlyD、rarely標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從空后的“justafewarticles”可推知答案為B。sparsely意為“稀疏地，稀少地”，表示間隔距離很大。6、Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunableto_____ofthebody.A、dispenseB、disposeC、discardD、discharge標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句想說(shuō)的是因?yàn)樘炝亮巳藗冮_(kāi)始去上班，所以兇手無(wú)法處理尸體。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中dispense的意思是“分配，分發(fā)”；discard的意思是“丟棄，拋棄”；discharge的意思是“卸貨，放出”。只有dispose和of構(gòu)成固定搭配，意思是“處置，處理”。7、Canyouimagine!Heofferedme$5,000tobreakmycontract.That’s_____.OfcourseIdidn’tagree.Iwouldtakelegalaction.A、fraudB、blackmailC、briberyD、compensation標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句的意思是他提出給我五千美元來(lái)違約，這是種賄賂行為，我要提起法律訴訟。fraud的意思是“欺騙，欺詐”；blackmail的意思是“勒索”；compensation的意思是“補(bǔ)償，賠償”；只有bribery的意思是“賄賂”，因此C項(xiàng)正確。8、Herremarks____acompletedisregardforhumanrights.A、magnifiedB、maintainedC、manipulatedD、manifested標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句的意思是“她的評(píng)論表明了對(duì)人權(quán)的完全漠視”，只有manifested“表明，顯示”符合句意。mag—nified的意思是“擴(kuò)大，放大”；maintained的意思是“保持，供養(yǎng)”；manipulated的意思是“操縱，控制”，都與句意不符。所以正確答案為D。9、I’vetoldyou_____thatyoucannotgooutandplayuntilyou’vefinishedyourhomework.A、onceandforallB、toallintentsC、allthewayD、inallrespects標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是onceandforall“斷然地，堅(jiān)決地”；無(wú)toallintents這種表達(dá)方式，應(yīng)為toallintentsandpurposes實(shí)際上；alltheway自始至終，一直的；inallrespects在各個(gè)方面。句意是，我一直都跟你說(shuō)，你得做完作業(yè)才能出去玩。所以正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。10、Ishouldbeabletofinishthetaskontime,____youprovidemewiththenecessaryguidance.A、incaseB、providedthatC、orelseD、asif標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句是一個(gè)條件句，前面說(shuō)“我應(yīng)該能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)”，但條件是“只要你提供給我必要的指導(dǎo)”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中incase的意思是“萬(wàn)一”；providedthat的意思是“只要”；orelse的意思是“否則，要不然”；asif的意思是好像”，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。11、Onbehalfofmycompany,Iam____toyouandyourcolleaguesforyourgeneroushelp.A、subjectedB、inclinedC、availableD、obliged標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句說(shuō)“我代表公司感謝你和你同事們的無(wú)私幫助”，obliged與to構(gòu)成固定搭配，意思是感激。而subjectedto的意思是“屈從于，隸屬于”；inclinedto的意思是“傾向于”；availableto的意思是“供給，有用”，都不符合句意。12、Hisofficeis_____tothePresident’s;itusuallytakeshimaboutthreeminutestogetthere.A、relatedB、adhesiveC、adherentD、adjacent標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句的后半句說(shuō)他花大約三分鐘就到總統(tǒng)辦公室，那么前半句的意思應(yīng)該是他的辦公室離總統(tǒng)的很近。relatedto“有關(guān)的”；adhesiveto“粘性的”；adherentto“堅(jiān)持于”都不符合句意。只有adjacentto“鄰近的，接近的”正確，因此應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。13、Thereisnostudentsintheclasslikesthemistress,whoisusedtobeing_____ofeverythingtheydo.A、emotionalB、optimisticC、interestedD、critical標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本句說(shuō)班里的學(xué)生沒(méi)一個(gè)喜歡那位女老師，她慣于批評(píng)學(xué)生們所做的一切事。選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的，情感的”；optimistic“樂(lè)觀的”；interested“感興趣的”都不對(duì)，只有critical“批評(píng)的，苛刻的”符合句意，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。14、Sharesonthestockmarkethave____asaresultofaworldwideeconomicdownturn.A、turnedB、changedC、floatedD、fluctuated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：float指“(匯率)浮動(dòng)”。15、Hewas____withthedeadlydiseasewhenhewas14,andhassufferedwithitfor10years.A、inducedB、inflictedC、insertedD、integrated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說(shuō)他14歲時(shí)染上這種致命的疾病。B項(xiàng)inflicted“使承擔(dān)”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)induced“勸誘”；inserted“插入”；integrated“使成整體”都不正確。16、Everypersononthesalesteamis_____becausetheyworktogetherwell.A、incompatibleB、incredibleC、indefiniteD、indispensable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說(shuō)銷售隊(duì)伍的每個(gè)人都是不可或缺的。D項(xiàng)indispensable“不可或缺的”符合題意，其他三項(xiàng)incompatible“不相容的”；incredible“難以置信的”；indefinite“不確定的”都不正確。17、Thesecretarywantsto_____allthefileclerkstomakepreparationsforthecompanyChristmasparty.A、enlightenB、enlistC、enableD、enclose標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說(shuō)秘書想征召所有的檔案管理員為公司圣誕晚會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備。B項(xiàng)enlist“征募，征召”符合題意，其他三項(xiàng)enlighten“啟發(fā)”；enable“使能夠”；enclose“裝入”都不正確。18、Tobeasuccessfulcriminal,onemustbe_____A、empiricalB、emigrantC、elegantD、elusive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題是說(shuō)一個(gè)人要成為成功的罪犯，必須容易被忘記。D項(xiàng)elusive“難懂的，易忘的”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)empirical“經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的”；emigrant“移民”；elegant“文雅的”都不正確。19、Thelowoperatingcostsoftheforeigncompanywill_____thehighlaborcoststhebusinesspaysinitsowncountry.A、offendB、obstructC、obligeD、offset標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說(shuō)抵消高的勞動(dòng)成本。D項(xiàng)offset“抵消”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)offend“得罪“；obstruct“阻礙”；oblige“迫使”都不正確。20、Despitethefactthattheywere_____whentheymarried,after30yearstheylivetogetherharmoniously.A、contradictoryB、incompatibleC、contraryD、compatible標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說(shuō)盡管他們結(jié)婚時(shí)不調(diào)和。B項(xiàng)incompatible“不調(diào)和的”符合題意。其他三項(xiàng)contradictory“反對(duì)的”；contrary“相反的”；compatible“協(xié)調(diào)的”都不正確。二、閱讀理解(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)OnesillyquestionIsimplycannottolerateis"Howdoyoufeel?"Usuallythequestionisaskedofamaninaction-amanwalkingalongthestreet,orbusilyworkingathisdesk.Sowhatdoyouexpecthimtosay?He'llprobablysay,"Fine,I'mallright."Butyouhaveputabugahisear—maybenowheisnotsure.Ifyouarehisgoodfriend,youmayhaveseensomethingonhisface,orinhiswalk,thatheoverlookedthatmorning.Itmakeshimworryingalittle.Helooksinamirrortoseeifeverythingisallright,whileyougomerrilyonyourwayaskingsomeoneelse,"Howdoyoufeel?"Everyquestionhasitstimeandplace.It'sperfectlyacceptable,forinstance,toask"Howdoyoufeel?"ifyouarevisitingaclosefriendinthehospital.Butifthefellowiswalkingonbothlegs,hurryingtotakeatrainorsittingathisdeskworking,it'snotimetoaskhimthatsillyquestion.WhenGeorgeBernardShaw,thefamousBritishwriterofplayswasinhiseighties,someoneaskedhim,"Howdoyoufeel?"Shawputhiminhisplace."Whenyoureachmyage,"hesaid,"eitheryoufeelallrightoryouaredead."21、Accordingtothewriter,greetings,suchas"Howdoyoufeel?"_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容，可知正確答案為D項(xiàng)。22、Thequestion"Howdoyoufeel?"seemstobecorrectandsuitablewhenaskedof____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第二段第二句可知正確答案為A項(xiàng)。23、GeorgeBernardShaw’sreplyinthispassageshowshis_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從最后一段可推測(cè)出蕭伯納的回答是聰明的。故選B項(xiàng)。24、"Youhaveputabuginhisear"meansthatyouhave____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：?jiǎn)柡蛞粋€(gè)從事正?；顒?dòng)的人"Howdoyoufeel?"可能暗示他現(xiàn)在還未曾意識(shí)到的某些問(wèn)題。選D項(xiàng)。A、B、C項(xiàng)沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)在上下文中。25、Thispassagecanbeentitled____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：整篇文章作者都是圍繞著“Howdoyoufeel?”這個(gè)sillyquestion而展開(kāi)的，最好的標(biāo)題應(yīng)是A項(xiàng)。Inrecentyearsmanycountriesoftheworldhavebeenfacedwiththeproblemofhowtomaketheirworkersmoreproductive.Someexpertsclaimtheansweristomakejobsmorevaried.Butdomorevariedjobsleadtogreaterproductivity?Theevidenceshowsthatwhilevarietycertainlymakestheworker'slifemoreenjoyable,itdoesnotactuallymakehimworkharder.Asfarasincreasingproductivityisconcerned,then,varietyisnotanimportantfactor.Otherexpertsfeelthatgivingtheworkerfreedomtodohisjobinhisownwayisimportant.Thereisnodoubtthatthisistrue.Theproblemisthatthiskindoffreedomcannoteasilybegiveninthemodernfactorywithitscomplicatedmachinerywhichmustbeusedinafixedway.Thus,althoughfreedomofchoicemaybeimportant,usuallyverylittlecanbedonetocreateit.Anotherimportantconsiderationishowmuchaworkercontributestotheproductheismaking.Inmostfactoriestheworkerseesonlyonesmallpartoftheproduct.Somecarfactoriesarenowexperimentingwithhavingmanysmallproductionlinesratherthanalargeone,sothateachworkercontributesmoretotheproductionofthecarsonhisline.Itwouldseemthatnotonlyisdegreeoftheworker'scontributionanimportantfactor,therefore,butitisalsoonewecandosomethingabout.Towhatextentdoesmoremoneyleadtogreaterproductivity?Theworkersthemselvescertainlythinkthisisimportant.Butperhapstheywantmoremoneyonlybecausetheworktheydoissoboring.Moneyjustletsthemenjoytheirsparetimemore.Asimilarargumentmayexplaindemandsforshorterworkinghours.Perhapsifwemaketheirjobsmoreinteresting,theywillwantneithermoremoneynorshorterworkinghours.26、Variedjobs,inwriter’sopinion,will_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從第一段倒數(shù)第二個(gè)句子可知正確答案為D項(xiàng)。27、Accordingtothepassage,freedomcannotbeeasilygivensince_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段的第三個(gè)句子可知本題的答案為D項(xiàng)。28、Degreeoftheworker’scontributionisgreaterwhen_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段第三、四句可知本題的正確答案為B項(xiàng)。29、Workerswantmoremoneyandshorterworkinghoursto_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)最后一段可知正確答案為A項(xiàng)。30、Accordingtothepassage,thestatementthatbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudeis_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題屬于推斷題。第一段指出在于工作的"variety"，第二段專家認(rèn)為是"freedom”，第三段提出有人考慮“contribution”及“moremoneyandshorterworkhours”等，但是實(shí)際上這幾種都沒(méi)法提高生產(chǎn)力。因此，正確答案為C項(xiàng)。Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch,suchasarticlestoappearinjournals,reportsaddressedtofundingagencies,thesesordissertationsaspartoftherequirementsforuniversitydegrees,andpaperstobepresentedatconferences.Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhomtheyaddress.Wewillnowbrieflydescribethem.Thejournalarticleisawayofreportingresearchforprofessionaljournalsoreditedcollections.Theresearchisreportinginabrief,yetinformativeway,focusingmostlyonthemainfeaturesoftheresearchsuchasthepurpose,reviewoftheliterature(oftenreferredtoas"background"),proceduresusedforcarryingouttheresearchaccompaniedbytables,charts,andgraphs,andinterpretationsoftheresults(oftenreferredtoasdiscussion).Thecontentandemphasisofthejournalarticlewillvaryaccordingtotheintendedreaders(researchorpractitioners)anditisimportantfortheresearchertobeawareofthebackgroundandinterestofthereadersofthejournal.Articlesintendedtobereadbypractitionerswillemphasizethepracticalimplicationsandrecommendationsoftheresearch,whilearticlesintendedtobereadbyresearcherswilldescribeindetailthemethodusedtocollectdata,theconstructionofdatacollectionprocedures,andthetechniquesusedforanalyzingthedata.Itisimportantforthenoviceresearchertobeawareofthefactthatarticlessubmittedtojournalsgothroughaprocessofevaluationbyexpertswhomakeajudgmentandrecommendwhethertheyshouldbepublishedornot.Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswriteaspartoffulfillingtherequirementsforanadvancedacademicdegree.Thestudentisexpectedtodescribeingreatdetailallthephasesoftheresearchsoitcanbeexaminedandevaluatedcarefullybythereader.Thusthethesisordissertationincludesthepurposeandsignificanceofthestudy,therationale,athoroughreviewoftheliterature,detailedinformationastotheresearchtoolsandtheproceduresinvolvedintheirdevelopment,adescriptionofdataanalysisandtheresults,andaninterpretationoftheresultsintheformofconclusions,implications,andrecommendation.Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent'sabilitytocarryoutresearch.Theconferencepaperisawayofreportingresearchatconferences,seminarsandcolloquia.Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally.Theyaresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise,yetinformativeway,focusingonthemostessentialelementsoftheresearch.Handoutsandtransparenciescanalsoaccompanythepresentations.Aswiththeresearcharticle,heretoo,thecontentandemphasisoftheoralreportwilldependtoalargeextentonthetypeofaudiencepresentatthemeeting,andwhethertheyareresearchersorpractitioners.31、Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題可參照第一段，在這段中指出了用來(lái)報(bào)道研究成果有不同的形式，主要有：雜志上發(fā)表的研究報(bào)告、畢業(yè)生的學(xué)術(shù)論文、會(huì)議上做的報(bào)告。下文針對(duì)這三種報(bào)告分別介紹了它們的格式、內(nèi)容。所以正確答案是A。32、Thecommonaspectforthejournalarticles,thesesandconferencepapersliesinthat_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題可依據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭的“Thereareanumberofformatsforreportingresearch，suchas…”，據(jù)此可知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。33、Wecandistinguishthoseresearchreportsfromeachothermainlythrough_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題可依據(jù)原文的“Theseformatsdifferfromoneanothermostlyintheirpurposesandtheaudienceswhichtheyaddress．”本題題干中換用了另一種表達(dá)方式。因此正確答案為B。34、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmentionedinthispassage?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：“Theresearchisreportinginabrief，yetinformativeway…．”以及“They(theconferencepapers)aresimilartotheresearcharticlesinceresearchisreportedinaconcise，yetinformativeway”是A項(xiàng)在文中出現(xiàn)的依據(jù)；“Articlesintendedto…analyzingthedata．以及Aswiththe…orpractitioners．”是涉及C項(xiàng)的依據(jù)；由“Thethesisordissertationisaformatforreportingresearchwhichgraduatestudentswrite．”可以看出thesis和dissertation是書面形式的，而根據(jù)"Atsuchmeetingsresearchpapersareusuallypresentedorally."可知“researchpapers”采取的是口頭報(bào)告的形式，據(jù)此判斷D項(xiàng)也是在短文中提到過(guò)的。因此答案為B。35、Howcanaprofessorevaluateastudent’scapabilityofimplementingtheresearch?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第四段的“Thisdetaileddescriptionoftheprocessoftheresearchisneededtoprovidetheprofessorswithanindicationofthestudent’sabilitytocarryoutresearch．”可知，正確答案是C。Inrecentyears,manyAmericansofbothsexesandvariousageshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodies.Theyhavebecomedevotedtophysicalfitness.Theneedtoexercisehasalmostbecomecompulsivewithmanypersonswhohaveastrongdesiretobemorephysicallyfit.Bynature,Americansareenthusiasticandenergeticabouttheirhobbiesandpastimes.Theyapplythisenthusiasm,andenergytojogging/running.Asaresult,therearerunningclubstojoinandmanybooksandmagazinestoreadaboutrunning.Thedesiretobephysicallyfitisexplainedbya"passion"forgoodhealth.Thehighrateofheartattacksinthe1960scausedanincreaseonthepartofthepublicinimprovingthehumanbody.Middle-agedmenespeciallysufferfromheartattacks.Thus,theyareonegroupstronglyinterestedinmorephysicalexercise.Infact,manydoctorsencouragetheirpatientstobecomemorephysicallyactive,especiallythosewhohavesedentaryjobs.Itisinterestingtonotethattherateofheartattacksbegantodecreaseinthe1970sanditisstilldecreasing.PhysicalfitnesscurrentlyenjoysafavoredroleintheUnitedStates.Itisanew"love"thatmanyAmericanshavecherished.Willitlastlong?Onlytimewilltelloruntilanother"newpassion"comesa-long.36、Inrecentyears,manyAmericanshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodiesbecause_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題目要求回答，近年來(lái)許多美國(guó)人為何熱衷于改進(jìn)體質(zhì)。第一段最后一句話解釋了這一原因。B項(xiàng)為正確答案。37、Thepassageimpliesthat_____isagreatfavoriteofmanyAmericans,menandwomen,oldandyoung.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從文中第二段可知，美國(guó)人生來(lái)就喜歡消遣和有嗜好。他們熱衷于慢跑，結(jié)果各種慢跑俱樂(lè)部和慢跑運(yùn)動(dòng)書刊到處都有。A項(xiàng)為正確答案。38、Middle-agedmensufferingfromheartattacks_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第四段第一、二句可知正確答案為C項(xiàng)。39、Inthesentence"Infact,manydoctorsencouragetheirpatientstobecomemorephysicallyactive,e-speciallythosewhohavesedentaryjobs",theword"sedentary"means_____.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上下文理解詞義。只有B項(xiàng)符合題意。40、Accordingtothepassage,willtheloveforphysicalexerciselastlongforAmericans?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從最后一段的“Onlytimecantell”可知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。三、完形填空(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Whatattractscustomers?Obviouslythequalityofaproductdoes,butvisualimages【C1】______agreatdeal.Itisnotonlytheimageprovidedbythepackagingthat【C2】______butthewholecorporate【C3】______ofthecompany.Therearenowmanyproductsandservicesonthemarketwhicharesimilarincontent【C4】______producedbydifferentcompanies.Itisvital,therefore,foracompanyto【C5】______itselffromitscompetitorsbyhavingastrongcompanyimagewhichisimmediately【C6】______.Logosarepartofthisimage.Theyare【C7】______whichoftenincludeanameorinitialstoidentifyacompany.Thelogoestablishesa【C8】______identityforthecompany,justasdifferentgroupsofyoungpeopleexpresstheiridentitythroughhairstylesandclothes.Allgroupsfromallculturesand【C9】______theageshaveusedcolorsandsymbolstoshowtheiridentity.Indifferentcultures,differentcolors【C10】______differentmeanings.Somecolorsmaybeconnectedwithcoldnessinonecultureandwith【C11】______inanother:somecolorsrepresent【C12】______inoneculturebutdeathinanother.Internationalcompanieshave,【C13】______,tomakesurethattheirlogoswillnotbemisunderstoodormisinterpretedindifferentcountries.Manycompanieshave,overtheyears,【C14】______theirlogostofitinwithcontemporarydesignandtopresentmorepowerfulimages.Companylogoscanbeemotiveandcan【C15】______loyaltyby【C16】______theinstinct.Somelogos【C17】______anideaoftheproduct,andacaseinpointisthesteeringwheelintheMercedeslogo.Logosareusedonletterheads,packagingand【C18】______aswellasontheproductitself.Theymayalsoappearinnewspapersorontelevisionaspartofanadvertising【C19】______.Companiesneedtohaveastrongcorporateidentity.Thelogohelpstopromotethisimageandtofixitinthemindsofthe【C20】______.Logos,therefore,needtobeoriginalandtohaveimpactandstyle.41、【C1】A、attributeB、contributeC、devoteD、attract標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。attribute意為“把……歸因子(to)，認(rèn)為……系某人所為”；contribute意為“捐獻(xiàn)，起作用，有助于，做出貢獻(xiàn)”；devote意為“專心致力于，獻(xiàn)(身)，貢獻(xiàn)”；attract意為“吸引，引起(興趣、注意等)”。文章指出，吸引顧客的不僅僅是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，視覺(jué)圖像也起很大作用；B符合題意。42、【C2】A、concernsB、involvesC、countsD、means標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。而且一看便知，是個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞。concern意為“與……有關(guān)；擔(dān)心，掛念”。involve意為“牽涉，包括”。count意為“有價(jià)值，很重要”，常用方法是：sth．counts(alot)。mean意為“關(guān)系重大，很重要”，多與sb．搭配，表達(dá)方式為：sth.means(alot)tosb．。根據(jù)題意，C和D為可選的答案，但是文章并沒(méi)有說(shuō)包裝圖案對(duì)誰(shuí)很重要，因此C為最佳答案。43、【C3】A、featuresB、qualityC、identityD、status標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞辨析。注意，文章中本句的notonly．．．but．．．也是“關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)”的技巧。feature意為“特征，特色，容貌”；quality意為“品質(zhì)，質(zhì)量”；identity意為“身份，特性”；status意為“地位，狀態(tài)”。根據(jù)上下文可知，文章一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)品視覺(jué)圖像的作用，因此該處應(yīng)與整篇文章相一致。B、C、D都不能表達(dá)該層含義，因此A為答案。44、【C4】A、insteadB、andC、thoughD、as標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：語(yǔ)篇連貫。根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇，該空前后為讓步關(guān)系，意思是：現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上有很多商品，它們雖然由不同的公司出品，但是內(nèi)容卻一樣，though符合題意。注意轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系和讓步關(guān)系的區(qū)別：轉(zhuǎn)折一否定前面一句話。讓步—否定前面這句話可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。45、【C5】A、existB、isolateC、holdD、distinguish標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。exist意為“存在”；isolate意為“使隔離，使孤立”；hold意為“保持，維持”；distinguish與from連用時(shí)表示“識(shí)別，把……和……區(qū)別開(kāi)”，如：Speechesdistinguishmanfromtheanimals語(yǔ)言使人區(qū)別于動(dòng)物。根據(jù)文章，具有相同產(chǎn)品的公司要想脫穎而出，必須有很強(qiáng)的公司形象，D為最佳答案。46、【C6】A、observableB、differentiableC、recognizableD、accountable標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：形容詞辨析。observable意為“可以看得見(jiàn)的，觀察得出的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)觀察獲得；differentiable意為“可辨別的，可區(qū)分的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)仔細(xì)細(xì)微地辨別；recognizable意為“可被認(rèn)出的，可辨認(rèn)的”，不需要太多力氣；accountable意為“有責(zé)任的，可解釋的”。從文章中可以看出，公司的形象立即被認(rèn)出，不需要費(fèi)很多力氣。47、【C7】A、symbolsB、signsC、signalsD、indications標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞辨析。symbol意為“象征，符號(hào)”；sign意為“記號(hào)，信號(hào)，暗號(hào)”；signal意為“信號(hào)”；indication意為“跡象，征兆”。包括公司名稱或首寫字母的標(biāo)志能夠使該公司區(qū)別于其他公司，因此公司的標(biāo)志代表了該公司，也就是其象征。因此A為答案。B和C是“絕對(duì)同義選項(xiàng)”，在考研完形填空中有11％的題目含有這樣的選項(xiàng)。它們都是錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)，可以直接排除。48、【C8】A、visibleB、visualC、briefD、explicit標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：形容詞辨析。visible意為“看得見(jiàn)的”；visual意為“視覺(jué)的，形象的”；brief意為“簡(jiǎn)短的”；explicit意為“清楚的，明確的”。該句表達(dá)的意思是：看到公司的標(biāo)記，就會(huì)與該公司聯(lián)系起來(lái)，因此標(biāo)記是公司視覺(jué)上的代表。B為答案。B和A是“相對(duì)同義選項(xiàng)”，又叫做“約等于”選項(xiàng)，在考研完形填空之中有16％的題目含有這樣的選項(xiàng)。它們2選1，其中一個(gè)正確。49、【C9】A、inB、throughoutC、forD、between標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：介詞搭配和辨析。throughout和theages搭配，意為“很多年來(lái)”。for和ages搭配不需要冠詞；in和between不符合題意。50、【C10】A、containB、carryC、predominateD、convey標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。contain意為“包含，容納，裝有”；carry意為“攜帶，具有，含有”；predominate意為“掌握，支配”；convey意為“傳達(dá)，表達(dá)”。這句話的含義是，不同的顏色表達(dá)不同的含義，因此D為答案。51、【C11】A、mildnessB、consolationC、affectionD、warmth標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文邏輯。從上下文可以看出，這里需要填寫一個(gè)與coldness相反的詞，因此warmth為答案。52、【C12】A、lifeB、loveC、liveD、alive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文邏輯。從上下文可以看出，這里需要填寫一個(gè)與death相反的詞，因此，life為答案。53、【C13】A、otherwiseB、stillC、thereforeD、additionally標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：語(yǔ)篇連貫。當(dāng)大家看到“，——，”這樣的插入語(yǔ)時(shí)候，第一反應(yīng)是"however"，但是這里沒(méi)有，所以根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇，本句與上文之間為因果關(guān)系，therefore符合題意。而且文章的尾句雖然沒(méi)有出題，但是為本題提供了“插入語(yǔ)”的線索。54、【C14】A、continuedB、keptC、changedD、refreshed標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)文章，隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，很多公司不斷地更新它們的公司標(biāo)志以跟上當(dāng)代設(shè)計(jì)的需要，C為最佳選擇。55、【C15】A、promoteB、inspireC、promptD、stir標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。promote意為“促進(jìn)，發(fā)揚(yáng)，提升，提拔”。inspire意為“鼓舞，感動(dòng)，激發(fā)，啟示”。prompt意為“提示，鼓動(dòng)，促使”。stir意為“轟動(dòng)，激起，惹起”，B符合題意。56、【C16】A、regardingB、impressingC、influencingD、effecting標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。regard“看，重視，尊敬”；impress“留下印象”，impress的賓語(yǔ)必須是人；influence“影響”，一般是“好的”影響；effect“招致，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)到”。根據(jù)句義應(yīng)選C。57、【C17】A、combineB、collaborateC、incorporateD、blend標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析。combine意為“(使)聯(lián)合，(使)結(jié)合”。collaborate意為“協(xié)作，合作，合著”。incorporate意為“合并，融入，具體體現(xiàn)”。blend意為“混合，融合”。58、【C18】A、coversB、brochuresC、contentsD、volumes標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞辨析。cover意為“封面，蓋子”；brochure意為“宣傳冊(cè)”；content意為“內(nèi)容”；volume意為“卷，冊(cè)(多指書籍)”。根據(jù)常識(shí)，公司的標(biāo)志被用于信箋抬頭、外包裝、宣傳冊(cè)以及產(chǎn)品自身上，B為最佳選擇。本題又是“關(guān)聯(lián)對(duì)應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)”，文章中的and和之前的逗號(hào)都連接了前后的“對(duì)應(yīng)”的信息。59、【C19】A、movementB、planC、campaignD、function標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞辨析。movement意為“運(yùn)動(dòng)”；plan意為“計(jì)劃”；campaign意為“活動(dòng)，戰(zhàn)役”；function意為“功能”。此處指廣告宣傳活動(dòng)，C符合題意。60、【C20】A、consumersB、employersC、reportersD、manufacturers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：名詞辨析。consumer意為“消費(fèi)者”；employer意為“雇主”；reporter意為“記者”；manufacturer意為“生產(chǎn)商，生產(chǎn)者”。該句意思為：公司的標(biāo)志可以提高公司的形象，給消費(fèi)者很深的印象。A為最佳答案。四、英譯漢(本題共1題，每題1.0分，共1分。)61、AlmosteverydaythemediadiscoversanAfricanAmericancommunityfightingsomeformofenvironmentalthreatfromlandfills,garbagedumps,petrochemicalplants,refineries,busdepots,andthelistgoeson.Foryears,residentswatchedhelplesslyastheircommunitiesbecamedumpinggrounds.Butcitizensdidn’tremainsilentforlong.Localactivistshavebeenorganizingunderthemantleofenvironmentaljusticesinceasfarbackas1968.Morethanthreedecadesago,theconceptofenvironmentaljusticehadnotregisteredontheradarscreensofmanyenvironmentalorcivilrightsgroups.Butenvironmentaljusticefitssquarelyunderthecivilrightsumbrella.ItshouldnotbeforgottenthatDr.MartinLutherKingJr.wenttoMemphisonanenvironmentalandeconomicjusticemissionin1968,seekingsupportforstrikinggarbageworkerswhowereunderpaidandwhosebasicdutiesexposedthemtoenvironmentallyhazardousconditions.In1979,alandmarkenvironmentaldiscriminationlawsuitfiledinHouston,followedbysimilarlitigationeffortsinthe1980s,ralliedactiviststostanduptocorporationsanddemandgovernmentintervention.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：幾乎每一天，媒體都會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)非裔美國(guó)人社區(qū)為威脅環(huán)境的某種形式而戰(zhàn)，這些威脅來(lái)自廢物填注地，垃圾堆放地，石化廠。煉油廠，巴士車廠，不勝枚舉。很多年來(lái)，居民們看到他們的社區(qū)變成垃圾場(chǎng)卻無(wú)能為力。但是市民們沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持沉默。當(dāng)?shù)氐募みM(jìn)主義分子從1968年就開(kāi)始在環(huán)境正義的保護(hù)下組織了。三十多年前，環(huán)境正義的概念還沒(méi)有在環(huán)境的或民事權(quán)利的群體雷達(dá)網(wǎng)上注冊(cè)。但是環(huán)境正義在民事權(quán)利庇護(hù)下正合適。應(yīng)該記得馬丁路德金1968年跟著環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)使團(tuán)去孟斐斯尋找支持那些所的工資過(guò)低的掃除垃圾的工人，他們的基本職責(zé)容易使他們自己處于環(huán)境危險(xiǎn)的狀況。1979年，緊隨著20世紀(jì)80年代同樣的訴訟努力，在休斯敦環(huán)境歧視訴訟領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)里程碑，給予了的激進(jìn)主義分子們勇敢的抵抗社團(tuán)并拒絕政府干預(yù)。知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析五、寫作(本題共1題，每題1.0分，共1分。)62、A.Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayin200words.B.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow.Outline:1.Interpretthegraph.2.Suggestcounter-measures.3.Giveadviceforjobseekers.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Asisshowninthegraph,thejobfutureinCityAisnotlookingsobright.CityAPersonnelandTalentBureaureportedthatin2001,therewereonly50,000positionsavailableforthealmost60,000graduates.Whilethenumberofthegraduatesincreasedby67%inthefollowingtwoyears,thatofthejobopportunitiesremainedthesame.AsfarasIknow,thesituationisnobetterinotherbigcitiesofChina.Jobhuntinghasbecomeoneofthemostseriousproblemstoday.Inordertosolvetheproblem,thegovernmentshouldadjustjobmarketpoliciestotakepressureoffthenewjob-seekers.Foronething,they’resupposedtoprovidethegraduateswithmorejobopportunities.Foranother,theyshouldenlightenthegraduatingcollegestudentsastothefiercecompetitiona-head.Itismoreimportantthatthejobhuntersbefullyawareofthedifficultsituationandgetwellpreparedforthetoughjourney.Facingsuchatightjobmarket,theyoughttoadjusttheirattitudeandsetmorerealisticcareergoals.It’sadvisabletotrytheirluckinsmallerbutalsopromisingcities.Ifstilltheycannotfindasuitablejob,puttingoffemploymentandgoingabroadforfurtherstudymaybeothergoodchoices.知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷第2套一、詞匯(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)1、Notuntilthegamehadbegun_____atthesportsground.A、shouldhehavearrivedB、hadhearrivedC、didhearriveD、wouldhehadarrived標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：notuntil…放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。當(dāng)某些具有否定意義的詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝。常見(jiàn)的這部分詞有：hardly，little，never，notuntil，rarely，seldom等；常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)有：innoway，atnotime，innocase，bynomeans，undernocircumstances等以及部分關(guān)聯(lián)詞：hardly(scarcely／barely)…when…，nosooner…than…等。當(dāng)這些否定詞不放在句首時(shí)，就不用倒裝。2、Neitheratthismeetingnoratthepreviousone_____theproposal.A、theydidnotdiscussB、didtheydiscussC、dotheydiscussD、wouldtheydiscuss標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：在并列連接詞notonly…butalso…，neither…nor…等連接的句子中，如果notonly，neither放在句首，要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。但是，當(dāng)位于句首的neither…nor…或notonly…butalso…連接的是主語(yǔ)成分而不是句子時(shí)，句子須用正常語(yǔ)序。3、Themoleculesofgasesmovemorefreelythan____.A、doliquidsandsolidsB、liquidsandsolidsdoC、dothoseofliquidsandsolidsD、thosedoofliquidsandsolids標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：連接詞as或than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，為了保持句子的平衡，句子可全部倒裝，也可局部倒裝。4、Thetallerthecontainer,____atthebottom.A、thegreaterwillthewaterpressurebeB、thewaterpressurewillbegreaterC、thegreaterwillbethewaterpressureD、greaterthewaterpressurewillbe標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：在“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用倒裝形式，既可用全部倒裝，也可用部分倒裝。意為“越……越……”。5、____fromthetenthfloorwhenthepolicemanpointedhispistolathim.A、JumpeddowntheburglarB、DowntheburglarjumpedC、TheburglarjumpeddownD、Downjumpedtheburglar標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：某些表示方位的副詞in，out，away，off，down，up等位于句首時(shí)，常常使用倒裝。這些詞常和go，come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，目的是為了生動(dòng)地描寫這些動(dòng)作。6、Tothenorthofthecity____asmallisland.A、lainB、liesC、wasthereD、therelays標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，而謂語(yǔ)又為某些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如come，lie，stand，run，walk等時(shí)，為了上下文聯(lián)系緊密或保持句子平衡，常把狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)放到句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)之前，引起全部倒裝。7、_____shefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasaspecialist.A、ThatwasfromStephenB、ItwasStephenwhomC、ItwasfromStephenthatD、ItwasStephenthat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。從題干來(lái)看，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分應(yīng)該是狀語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選擇C。referredto引起的短語(yǔ)在句中作theman的后置定語(yǔ)。8、Wasit____theprofessorregardedwithsuchcontempt?A、themwhoB、themwhomC、hewhoD、those標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：這里強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是代詞them，要改用those。9、theEuropeansbegantolearnhowtousethecompassontheirships.A、Itwasnotuntilthe12thcenturywhenB、Hardlyitwasthe12thcenturythanC、Nosooneritwasthe12thcenturywhenD、Itwasnotuntilthe12thcenturythat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：只有D項(xiàng)是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，其他均不是。10、WhenItrytounderstand_____thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect.itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.A、whyitdoesB、whatitdoesC、whatitisD、whyitis標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查的是句式比較復(fù)雜的強(qiáng)調(diào)句。A、B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)，可首先排除。題中understand的賓語(yǔ)是一個(gè)what從句，而從句本身又是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，等于itis(what)thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonem