2022版高中北師大版英語一輪課時提升作業(yè)選修8Unit23 Conflict

二十三選修8Unit23Conflict

鞏固題組—■（限時35分仲）

I閱讀理解

A

ARussianspacecrafttravelingtotheInternationalSpaceStationon

Thursdayhadtomakeanemergencylandingwhenarocketenginefailed

tofire.ItwasthelatestinarecentseriesoffailuresfortheRussianspace

program,whichisalsousedbytheU.S.tocarryitsastronautstothe

station.

UnitedStatesastronautNickHagueandRussianastronautAlexei

Ovchininlandedsafelyabout20kilometersfromDzhezkazganin

Kazakhstan.Thecityisabout450kilometersfromtheRussia'sBaikonur

spacecenter,whichRussiaoperatesthroughanagreementwiththe

RepublicofKazakhstan.

BoththeU.S.spaceagencyNASAandRussia'sRoscosmosreported

thatthetwowerequicklyrecoveredfromthelandingareabyrescuecrews.

AspokesmanforRussianPresidentVladimirPutinsaid,“Thankgoodness

thecrewisalive“aftertheyhadlandedsafely.

Abouttwominutesafterlaunching,thethree-stageSoyuzbooster

rocketsufferedanunspecifiedfailureofitssecondstage.Russia'sTASS

newsagencysaidthecapsulecarryingthetwomenseparatedfromthe

troubledrocketsafely.Thiscausedthecapsuletodropverysharplyinto

theEarth'satmosphere.Parachutes（降落傘）helpedslowthereturning

capsule.Searchandrescueteamsweresenttorecoverthecrew.

Russia'sRIAnewsagencyreportedthatRussiahasimmediatelyput

offallmannedspacelaunchesafterthefailure.RoscosmosheadDmitry

Rogozinsaidhehadorderedastatecommissiontocarryoutan

investigationintowhatwentwrong.HesaidRussiawillshareallrelevant

informationwiththeU.S.

TheTASSnewsagencysaidthattheISScrewhasenoughsuppliesand

thatthefailedlaunchwillnotaffectoperations.

TheU.S.andothernationshavedependedonRussiatocarry

astronautstotheISSsincetheretirementoftheSpaceShuttleprogramin

2011.Incomingyears,AmericanaerospacecompaniesSpaceX,withits

Dragon2,andBoeing,withitsStarliner,areexpectedtoreturntospace.

【文章大意】本文屬于新聞，講述運送宇航員到國際空間站的一枚俄

羅斯火箭由于發(fā)動機故障緊急降落，所幸無人死亡。

1.Whatcausedthefailureofthelaunch?

A.Theproblemoftheengine.

B.Theterribleweather.

C.Thedropofthecapsule.

D.Thewrongoperation.

選A。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Abouttwominutesafterlaunching,

thethree-stageSoyuzboosterrocketsufferedanunspecifiedfailureofits

secondstage,可知，發(fā)射兩分鐘之后，三級火箭發(fā)動機遇到不明故障,

導致發(fā)射失敗，故選A。

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelaunch?

A.ThecapsulelandedsafelyinDzhezkazgan,Russia.

B.Russiahadneverfailedinthespacelaunchbeforethisfailure.

C.Thefailedlaunchwillhaveaseriouseffectontheoperations.

D.AtfirstthecapsuledroppedveryrapidlyintotheEarth'satmosphere.

選Do推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Thiscausedthecapsuletodropvery

sharplyintotheEarth'satmosphere.Parachuteshelpedslowthereturning

capsule.可知，太空艙迅速掉入地球大氣層，降落傘減緩了太空艙的降

落速度，故選Do

3.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.SpaceXissuretogobacktospacesoon.

B.AmericacarriedastronautstotheISSbyitselfbefore2011.

C.NowonlyRussiacancarryastronautstospace.

D.TheISScrewlivesaverygoodlifeinthespacestation.

選Bo推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的TheU.S.andothernationshave

dependedonRussiatocarryastronautstotheISSsincetheretirementof

theSpaceShuttleprogramin2011.可知，自從2011年美國航天飛機退

役，美國以及其他國家必須依靠俄羅斯火箭運送宇航員到國際空間站，

故可以得知，2011年以前，美國利用自己的航天飛機運送宇航員，故選

Bo

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheRescueofTwoAstronauts

B.TheLaunchofRussianSpacecraft

C.CooperationbetweenRussiaandAmerica

D.EmergencyLandinginFailedSpaceLaunch

選Do主旨大意題。本文屬于新聞，根據(jù)新聞特點，第一段第一句A

RussianspacecrafttravelingtotheInternationalSpaceStationonThursday

hadtomakeanemergencylandingwhenarocketenginefailedtofire.為

本文的主旨句，講述運送宇航員到國際空間站的一枚俄羅斯火箭由于

發(fā)動機故障緊急降落，故選D。

B

（2021?開封模擬）

TheLittleBabyFaceFoundation（LBFF）isaNYC-basednonprofit

organizationwithagreatdealofcontroversy.Foundedin2002,it

providesfreeplasticsurgeryforchildrenbornwithfacialdeformities（畸形）.

Manyteenagerswhohavebeenteasedfortheirlooksarenowapplyingto

havetheirproblemareas"fixed"byLBFF.

Nadia,one14-year-oldteenager,hadherfacegreatlychangedin

Junewhenshewentundertheknife.Herclassmateshadbeenconstantly

makingfunofherappearance."TheysaidIhavethebiggestearsthat

they'veeverseen.Theycalledmeelephantears,"Nadiasaid.Those

commentshurtheralot.Sheevenconsideredhowtoendherownlife.

ButNadiatriedtokeepthebullyingasecretfromhermother,Lynda.

Hermotherwasalreadydealingwithmountingmedicalbillsforher

9-year-oldson,Josh,whohadaseriousbraindisease.Whenher

motherdidfinallyfindoutaboutthebullying,shewasheartbroken.

Nadiadecidedtoendherbullyingproblemswithplasticsurgery.Then

hermotherturnedtotheLBFF,whichacceptedNadia'sapplication.The

surgerieswereverypainfulandittookmonthsforherfacetoheal,but

shedidmanagetoreturntoschoolwithanewface,afaceshewas

finallyproudof.

Nadia/ssurgerymayhavehelpedherovercomeheremotionalpain,

butshouldteenagersgotothoseextremesjustbecausetheyarebeing

bullied?

Expertswarnifthedeformitiesarenotreallyaproblemtothechild,

plasticsurgeryisnottheanswer!Infact,whenateendecidestoget

plasticsurgerybecauseheorsheisbeingbullied,itcansendthewrong

message.Bysurgicallychangingthevictimofabully,itisasifyou

supportthebullyingandagreethevictimisinfactworthyofallthose

namesheorshehasbeencalled.Itislikesayingtoteenagers:"Yes,

thereissomethingwrongwithyou,andyoushouldgetitfixed!"

【文章大意】文章圍繞女生Nadia的故事討論了一個有爭議的問題:

整形手術是否是解決校園欺凌問題的辦法呢？

5.WhatdidNadiathinkofherschoollifeinthepast?

A.Busy.B.Exciting.

C.Miserable.D.Ordinary.

選C。推理判斷題。由第二段中的Herclassmateshadbeenconstantly

makingfunofherappearance及Thosecommentshurtheralot.She

evenconsideredhowtoendherownlife可知，過去的校園生活對

Nadia來說非常痛苦。

6.WhydidNadiakeepthesecretfromhermother?

A.Hermotherhadheartdisease.

B.Shedidn'twanttoburdenher.

C.Hermotherwasafraidofbeingbullied.

D.Shedidn'tknowhowtoshareitwithher.

選B。推理判斷題。由第三段中的Hermotherwasalreadydealingwith

mountingmedicalbillsforher9-year-oldson,Josh,whohadaserious

braindisease可知，Nadia沒把受欺凌的事告訴媽媽是因為怕給媽媽

增加負擔。

7.Whydoestheauthorsayplasticsurgerycansendthewrongmessage?

A.Itmayletbulliesfeeltheyareright.

B.Itmaybecomepopularamongteens.

C.ItmaydamagethenameoftheLBFF.

D.Itmaychangevictimsintobullies.

選A。細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的Bysurgicallychangingthevictimof

abully,itisasifyousupportthebullyingandagreethevictimisinfact

worthyofallthosenamesheorshehasbeencalled可知，作者認為整形

手術可能會讓欺凌者認為他們是對的。

8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whymanyteenagersarebeingteased?

B.Isplasticsurgerytheanswertobullying?

C.Whysurgeryhelpsovercomeemotionalpain?

D.Shouldwepaymoreattentiontoappearance?

選Bo標題歸納題。本文圍繞面部畸形的女生Nadia做整形手術的故

事，討論了一個有爭議的問題：整形手術是否是解決校園欺凌問題的

辦法，故B項作標題能更好地概括全文主旨。

口.閱讀填句

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。

選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Fourwaystobeagreatroommate

Havingaroommatecanbeoneofthebestexperiencesinaboarding

schoolor,easily,oneoftheworst.1Followthesetipstoavoid

thecommonmistakesthatturngoodroommaterelationshipssour.

Talkthingsout.

Communicationiskey.Ifsomethinghappens,sitdownwithyour

roommateandhaveaface-to-faceconversation.I'veseenroommate

relationshipsfallapartbecausesomethinghappensand,insteadof

talkingtoeachother;thetwostartcomplainingabouttheirroommates

behindtheirbacks.2

Don'texpecttobebestfriends.

Someroommatesbecomethebestoffriends,andsomedon't.

Don/tputpressureonyourselforyourroommate,especiallywhenyou

firstmeet.3Andifyourroommatedoesn'tendupbeingyourbest

friend,don'tworry.

Askbeforeyoutake.

Thisappliestofood,clothesandanythingelse.Ifyouwanttokeep

arelationshipgoing,showyourroommatethatyouhaverespectfor

whatishisorhersbyaskingfirst.4

Cleanupafteryourself.

Thisshouldgowithoutsaying.Don'tbelazy.Or;atleast,don't

buryyourroommateinyourclothesandgarbage.MostpeopleI'vecome

acrossinaboardingschoolaremessy.5Butbeingconsideratewith

whereyouputyourstuffwillhelpyouavoidconflict.

A.Soyouneedtothinktwicebeforeyouhelpyourroommateout.

B.Thiscreatesnothingbutawkwardsituationsandunhappiness.

C.Evenifyoubothagreetoshareeverything,youshouldstillask.

D.Youdon'thavetocleanyourroomandkeepitorganizedallthetime.

E.Itallstartswithyoutohaveagoodrelationshipwithyourroommate.

F.Sometimesyougetstuckwithsomeonewhohastonsofnegative。肖極

的)energy.

G.Remember,you'retryingtomakeanewfriend,nottofrightenyour

roommateaway.

【文章大意】成為好室友的四種方法。

1.選E。根據(jù)第一句可知，與室友保持良好的關系是從你開始的。故選

Eo

2.選Bo才艮據(jù)thetwostartcomplainingabouttheirroommatesbehind

theirbacks兩人開始在背后抱怨室友，可知選B,抱怨只會造成尷尬和

不快。

3.選G。上句提到初次見面，所以記住，你是想交個新朋友，而不是嚇

跑你的室友。故選G。

4.選C。根據(jù)上句你要尊重他或她的東西，首先要問。故選C。

5.選D。上句提到〃messy",所以你不必一直打掃你的房間，讓它井井

有條。故選Do

印.語法填空

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正

確形式。

Inrecentyears,self-drivetourism(自駕車旅游)hasbecome

people's1.(prefer)intravellingduringholidays.Thereasons

whymoreandmorepeoplechooseit2.(be)asfollows.Firstly,

thetraditionalChinesefestivals,suchastheMid-AutumnFestival,3.

(set)asofficialholidays,4.providespeoplewith

morechancestotraveltogetherwiththeirfamilyandfriends.5.

(second),therapiddevelopmentofroadconstructionandthe

6.(increase)numberofpeopleowningprivatecarsmake

self-drivetourismboom(繁榮).Thirdly,7.(compare)with

traditionaltourism,travellingbyself-drivingenablespeopletogetcloser

tonatureand8.(give)themmorefreedominthetour.

Sincepeoplehavetodriveallthewayduringthetour;theyhaveto

payspecialattention9.thesafetyproblemandavoid10.

(drive)whenexhausted.

考查派生詞。所填詞在句中作表語，前面有故

1.preferenceopeople's,

填名詞preference?

2.are?？疾橹髦^一致。主語是復數(shù)形式，故填are。

3.areseto考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。festivals與set之間為被動關系，且描

述的是一般事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。

4.whicho考查定語從句。which引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面整句

話的內(nèi)容。

5.Secondlyo考查副詞。本空填Secondly"第二〃，與前面的Firstly"首先〃

呼應。

6.increasingo考查形容詞。所填詞在句中作定語修飾名詞number,

increasing'"日益增多的”。

7.comparedo考查非謂語動詞。compare與其邏輯主語travelingby

self-driving之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞comparedo

8.giveso考查時態(tài)。該空所填詞與enables并列作謂語，應填gives。

9.too考查固定搭配。payattentionto"注意〃。

10.drivingo考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)avoiddoingsth."避免做某事”的用

法可知該空填drivingo

提升題組---"（限時35分件）

I.閱讀理解

Forsomepeople,walkingorrunningoutdoorsisagreatwaytowork

out.Whatmaynotbesopleasantisseeingtrashallovertheground.Well,

somepeoplearedoingsomethingaboutit.Theyareplogging!

plogging

“Plogging"beganinSweden.ThenamecombinestheSwedishword

“plocka”,whichmeanstopickup,andtheword“jogging”,whichmeans

torunslowly.ASwedishmannamedErik,startedthemovementin2016.

OntheWorldEnvironmentDaywebsite,Eriksaysthathemovedto

StockholmfromasmallcommunityinnorthernSwedenandeachdayhe

wouldridehisbiketowork.Concernedabouttheamountoftrashand

litterhesaweachdayonhiswaytowork,hetookmattersintohisown

hands.

Plogging,bythatterm,mayhaveofficiallybeguninSweden.But

manypeoplewhoexerciseoutdoorshavebeendoingthisforyears.Take

JeffHorowitzforexample.HeisapersonaltrainerinWashington,D.C.He

oftenpicksuptrashwhilerunningoutside.Heevenhasturneditintoa

game;hewilltrytopickupthetrashwithoutstopping.z/ldidn'tknowit

wasathingreally.Thisisjustmypersonalethics（道德標準），whereIgo

forarunandifIhappentoseeapieceofgarbagelyingaroundandit's

withinreach—itisakindofalittletestformetoseeifIcangrabitand

throwitinaneartrashcanwithoutstopping.Andthatway,Ithink,it

givesmealittleexerciseandalittlefocusformyrun.Andithelpscleanup

theneighborhood,wheannounced.

Today,ploggingisanofficialactivity,onethatisbecoming

increasinglypopular.Citiesaroundtheworldnowholdploggingevents,

"\wouldjusthopepeoplewouldthinktwicebeforedroppingagarbageon

theground.Wehavecontainers...seemsoneveryblock.So,it'seasyto

putyourgarbageinthetrashcans.Ijustthinkpeopleshouldthinkaboutit

alittlebitmore.Idohopeonedaytherewillnotbeaneedforplogging."

saidaninterviewee.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。Plogging拾荒慢跑是全球正在流行的健

身方式，不僅讓你的鍛煉更高效，而且有助于美化身邊的環(huán)境，保持環(huán)

境清潔。

1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase"tookmatters

intohisownhands”?

A.calledonpeopletojoinhim

B.appealedtopeopletogogreen

C.begantopickupthetrash

D.hadthecollectedtrashrecycled

選Co推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Concernedabouttheamountoftrashand

litterhesaweachdayonhiswaytowork可知，上班路上那些大量的垃

圾讓他感到擔心，因此可推測下文應該是他開始撿這些垃圾。故劃線部

分的意思為〃開始撿垃圾〃。故選C。

2.LikeJeffHorowitz,ploggingtomanypeoplehasbecomea(n)

act.

A.automaticB.irresistible

C.arbitraryD.temporary

選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Thisisjustmypersonalethics可知，Jeff

Horowitz拾荒慢跑只是出于個人的道德標準，即是自發(fā)性的，因此可推

理，和JeffHorowitz一樣，拾荒慢跑對于很多人來說已經(jīng)成為了一種自

發(fā)行為。故選A。

3.Whatistheideathatploggingeventsaremeanttopromote?

A.Joggingistrulybeneficial.

B.Trashcansshouldbewithinreach.

C.Litteringisnotacceptable.

D.Communitiesshouldbekeptclean.

選Co細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Iwouldjusthopepeoplewouldthink

twicebeforedroppingagarbageontheground可知，舉力、這些活動的目

的是希望人們在往地上扔垃圾前三思。即拾荒慢跑旨在推廣亂丟垃圾

是不可接受的這一觀念，故選C。

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.NewExerciseEnjoysUnbelievablePopularity

B.NewExerciseTrendAlsoHelpsEnvironment

C.Plogging—AFashionableWaytoClearWaste

D.Plogging—AnExerciseOriginatinginSweden

選B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Today,ploggingisanofficial

activity,onethatisbecomingincreasinglypopular可次口，4口今,拾荒慢3包

已成為一項官方活動，而且越來越受歡迎。結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容可知，拾

荒慢跑這種新的運動趨勢不僅能使鍛煉更高效，同時有助于保護環(huán)境。

故選Bo

n.完形填空

It'salwaysbeenadreamforAlextotakeatripwithhermother;butit

wasadeathinthefamilythat1madethembothrealizehow

preciouslifereallyis.

“Afterlosingmygrandma,I2thatneitherInormymumwill

3behere,andthatIcan't4therighttimetocome,“the

27-year-oldgirltoldTheHuffingtonPost.

“Afteraweekof5,myamazingmumandIareofftotravel

aroundtheUnitedStates.WewillbetravellingfromNewYorktoLos

Angelesinterviewing6whoarechangingtheworldforthebetter

and7thedreamIhadforaverylongtime:totraveltogetherwith

mymother.Ihavetakenamonthoffworkandweareonourway.8

arewaiting!〃Alexsaid.

SoinAugust,Alexandher63-year-oldretiredmother,Halina,traveled

totheUnitedStatesforathree-week9thattookthemfromcoastto

coast.

Alexisthe10ofLookingForHeroes,asocialmediaproject,in

whichshephotographsmanyoftheinterestingpeopleshemeetswith,

11uniquetidbits（花邊新聞）oftheirlifestoriesatthesametime.The

12motheranddaughtertraveledacrossthenation,visitingcities13

Knoxville,Tennessee,NewYorkCity,LosAngelesandWashington.Along

thewaytheytookphotos14famousbackdrops（背景）ineachcity,

makingsome15memories.

Meanwhile,Alex16muchfromhermother.Hermotheroften

said〃My17toyoungpeoplewouldbetolearnnewthings,and

whatyouhavelearnedwillbeyourbiggest18inlife.Withageyou

stop19aboutthingsthatdon'tmatter.Withyourpriorities（優(yōu)先）

changing,20andhealthbecomethemostimportant.

【文章大意】Alex是LookingForHeroes的編輯，和媽媽一起去美國旅

游采訪，一路上她們以每個城市的著名景點為背景拍照，留下了難忘

的記憶。她媽媽對年輕人的建議是要學習新事物，你所學到的將是你一

生中最大的財富。

1.A.finallyB.simplyC.mildlyD.secretly

選Ao一名家庭成員的去世最終(finally)讓她們倆都意識到生命真的很

寶貴。

2.A.promisedB.realized

C.guessedD.hoped

選B。這里表示Alex在祖母去世之后的感悟。

3.A.thusB.evenC.everD.forever

選D。失去祖母之后，我意識到我和我媽媽都不會永遠(forever)在這里。

4.A.thinkofB.putaside

C.waitforD.giveaway

選C。waitfor等待。此處表示我們不能等著這個時候的到來。

5.A.preparationB.work

C.considerationD.rest

選A。根據(jù)句意可知是準備了一周之后。preparation準備，符合語境。

6.A.friendsB.relatives

C.reportersD.influencers

選D。influencers影響者。我們將從紐約到洛杉磯采訪那些讓世界變得

更好的影響者。

7.A.connectingB.describing

C.achievingD.imagining

選Coachieve實現(xiàn)，取得。achieveone's/thedream實現(xiàn)某人的夢想，是

固定搭配。

8.A.TroublesB.DreamsC.ResultsD.Dangers

選B。根據(jù)前文可知，和媽媽一起去旅行的夢想正等著我們。故選B。

9.A.adventureB.campaign

C.businessD.gathering

選A。adventure冒險。句意：Alex和她63歲的媽媽到美國旅行，進行

了三周的冒險。

10.A.actressB.modelC.editorD.student

選Co根據(jù)后文可知Alex是LookingForHeroes的編輯(editor)。

11.A.inventingB.sharing

C.preparingD.hearing

選B。句意：Alex是LookingForHeroes的編輯，她拍攝遇到的有趣的人,

同時分享(share)他們生活故事中的獨家花邊新聞。故選B。

12.A.frightenedB.amused

C.astonishedD.excited

選D。根據(jù)下文可知媽媽感到興奮(excited)。

13.A.includingB.arranging

C.containingD.expecting

選Ao此處表示游覽的城市包括(including)Knoxville,Tennessee,NewYork

后口故選。

City,LosAngelesWashingtonoA

14.A.intoB.aboveC.againstD.from

選C。句意：一路上她們以每個城市的著名景點為背景拍照，留下難忘

的記憶。against以...為背景，故選C。

15.A.unbelievableB.unforgettable

C.unbearableD.unthinkable

選Bounforgettable難忘的。此處表示她們通過拍照片留下難忘的記憶。

16.A.receivedB.saved

C.separatedD.learned

選D。句意：與此同時,Alex從她媽媽那里學到了很多。故選D。

17.A.positionB.example

C.adviceD.experience

選C。根據(jù)下文中的"tolearnnewthings.可知，此處表示建議。

18.A.goalB.wealthC.successD.change

選B。句意：我對年輕人的建議是要學習新事物，你所學到的將是你一

生中最大的財富(wealth)。

19.A.talkingB.bringingC.settingD.worrying

選D。隨著年齡的增長，你會不再擔憂(worry)不重要的事情。故選D。

20.A.familyB.identityC.beautyD.job

選A。此處表示隨著你對待事物優(yōu)先次序的改變，家庭(family)和健康會

變成最重要的。

m.短文改錯(2021?廣州模擬)

Lastweek,Iquarrelwithmyparentsaboutspendingtoomuchtime

onmycellphone.Ifeltexhaustingthatday,andbecameveryangryeven

thoughtheytalkedtomeinafriendway.

Inowfeelashamedandamwritingwiththisarticletoapologise.

TherearepeopleintheworldIvalue,suchasteacherandfriends.Also,

themostpreciouspeopletomeismyparents.Itisthemwhoraisedme

andgavemehappylife.IwantthemtoknowthatI'mdeepsorryandwill

trytobeagoodpersonandmakethemproud.

答案：

Lastweek,Iquarrelwithmyparentsabout

(juarrclcd

spendingtoomuchtimeonmycellphone.Ifell

exhaustingthatday,andbecameveryangryeven

exhausted

lhoughtheytalkedtomeinafriendway.

f