閱讀理解訓(xùn)練9（153道題 含答案詳解）-高考英語卷匯編

TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly”.Ilivemylifewiththe

goalofneverhavingtosaythosewords,becausetheyconveyregret,lostopportunities,

mistakes,anddisappointment.

Myfatherisfamousinourfamilyforsaying,"Taketheextraminutetodoitright.^^I

alwaystrytolivebythe“extraminutc^^rule.Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelyto

causeaccidents,IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan“ifonly^^moment,

whetheritwassomethingminorlikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeof

acounter,orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding（襯墊）onto

thesharpcornersofaglasscoffeetable.

Idon'tonlyavoidthose"ifonly“momentswhenitcomestosafety.It5sequally

importanttoavoid“ifonly^^inourpersonalrelationships.Weallknowpeoplewholosta

lovedoneandregrettedthattheyhadforegoneanopportunitytosay“Iloveyou"or"I

forgiveyou.^^Whenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeyedoctoracrossfrommy

officeonGoodFriday,ItoldhimthatitwasaholidayformycompanyandIwouldn'tbe

here.Butthen1thoughtaboutthefactthathe's84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn't

giveupanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhaddecidedtogotoworkon

mydayoffafterall

IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay"ifonly“aboutsomething,but

mylifeisdefinitelybetterbecauseofmypolicyofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthat

eventuality.Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright,orit

occasionallytakesanhourortwoinmybusyscheduletomakeapersonalconnection,I

knowthatI'mdoingtherightthing.Tmbuyingmyselfpeaceofmindandthat'sthebest

kindofinsuranceformyemotionalwell-being.

1.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofthe"extraminute,,rule?

A.Startthecarthemomenteveryoneisseated.

B.Leavetheroomforaminutewiththeironworking.

C.Waitforanextraminutesothatthesteaktastesbetter.

D.Moveanobjectoutofthewaybeforeittripssomeone.

2.WhydidtheauthordecidedtogotoherofficeonGoodFriday?

A.Tokeepherappointmentwiththeeyedoctor.

B.Tomeetherfatherwhowasalreadyanoldman.

C.Tojoinintheholidaycelebrationofthecompany.

D.Tofinishherworkbeforethedeadlineapproached.

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Weshouldbuyinsurancetomakeourlifebetter.

B.Avoiding“ifonly,,canmaketheauthorcomfortable.

C.Theauthormusthaveagoodrelationshipwithherchildren.

D.Itisthemostimportantthingtoavoid"ifonly“inourdailylife.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheEmotionalWell-beingB.TheTwoSaddestWords

C.TheMostUsefulRuleD.ThePeaceofMind

【答案】LD2.B3.B4.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇記敘文。英語中最悲哀的兩個詞是“ifonly”。它們傳達(dá)的是遺

憾、失去的機(jī)會、錯誤和失望。作者在日常生活中盡量避免以后說“ifonly”的情

況。

【1題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Myfatherisfamousinourfamilyforsaying,tlTakethe

extraminutetodoitright?'Ialwaystrytolivebythe“extraminute^^rule.”可矢口，在我

們家，父親的名言是?！岸嗷ㄒ环昼姲咽虑樽龊??！蔽铱偸潜M量按照“額外的一分

鐘”原則生活。由此可知，“額外的一分鐘”原則指的是多花一分鐘，把事情做好，

做對，從而避免以后可能出現(xiàn)的遺憾、失望或者后悔。結(jié)合選項可知，D選項提到

的“在絆倒別人之前把障礙物挪走”的做法就可以避免不好后果的產(chǎn)生，從而可以

避免后悔或遺憾。故選D。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Whenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeye

doctoracrossfrommyofficeonGoodFriday,Itoldhimthatitwasaholidayformy

companyandIwouldn'tbehere.ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe's84yearsoldand

IrealizedthatIshouldn'tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhad

decidedtogotoworkonmydayoffafterall''可知，作者的父親說周五那天去看眼科

醫(yī)生的時候會經(jīng)過作者的辦公室，作者告訴父親自己那天公司放假，不在那兒。但

是當(dāng)作者想到父親84了，自己不應(yīng)該放棄每一次見父親的機(jī)會，于是作者改口說那

天上班。由此可知，作者周五上班的原因是去見已經(jīng)84歲的父親。故選B。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay'if

only'aboutsomething,butmylifeisdefinitelybetterbecauseofmypolicyofdoing

everythingpossibletoavoidthateventuality.w可知，作者知道雖然生活中無法避免說

“ifonly”，但是因為自己盡可能避免遺憾的事情發(fā)生，也就是避免“ifonly"，自

己的生活確實更好了。B選項Avoiding"ifonly^^canmaketheauthorcomfortable.（iS

免“ifonly”使作者更舒服愉快）和文意一致。故選B。

【4題詳解】

主旨大意題。作者在第一段提到：英語中最悲哀的兩個詞就是“ifonly”。在下文中，

作者以自己的生活經(jīng)歷為例，敘述了自己通過“extraminute”來避免以后說“ifonly”

的情況。在整篇文章中，ifonly貫穿整篇文章。故整篇文章都是以“ifonly”展開的。

由此可知，它適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選B。

Despitewhatsomanypeoplewouldlovetobelieve,NASAhasn'tdiscoveredany

evidenceofpastorpresentintelligentlifeonMars.So,whentheCuriosityrover（好奇號

探測器）foundsomethingsuspiciousontheRedPlanet'ssurface,theywerenotonly

surprisedbutalsoalittlebitworried.

Thethinfragment（碎片）wassuspiciousenoughtoguaranteeitsownname,with

NASA'sCuriosityroverteamcallingitthe"PettegrovePointForeignObjectDebris,

namedforthelocationwhereitwasdiscovered.Withnoideawhatitwasorwhereitcame

from,therovershandlersbegantoworrythatitmightactuallybeapieceoftheroveritself,

suggestingsomeunseendamageorotherissuewiththerobot.Thankfully,thoseconcerns

seemtohavebeenunfounded.

InanewupdatefromNASAtheobjecthasnowbeenidentifiedasanaturalpieceof

rockratherthanapieceofanyman-madecraftorvehicle.Theteamanalyzedthebizarre

objectwithatoolcalledtheChemCamRMLTheinstrumentusesalaser（激光器）tosniff

outthemakeupofanythingit'spointedat,andtheresultsforthisparticularpieceofdebris

revealedthatit'sactuallyjustaverythinpieceofrock.

NASAdescribestheinspection:Theplanningdaybeganwithaninterestingresult

fromthepreviousplan'sChemCamRMIanalysisofatargetthatwasreferredtoas“Pctte

PointForeignObjectDebris"（PPFOD）,andspeculatedtobeapieceofspacecraftdebris

factwasfoundtobeaverythinflakeofrock,sowecanallresteasytonight-CuriOsitynOt

beguntosheditsskin!

Howthisparticularlythinsliverofrockgottowhereitis-andwhyitseemstobea

differentcolourthanthesurroundingsandanddebris-remainsunexplained,butatleastthe

roverfallingapart.

5.WhatattitudedoesNASAholdtowardsthenewlyfoundthinfragment?

A.Positiveandexcited.B.Nervousanddelighted.

C.Amazedandworried.D.Interestedanddoubtful.

6.Whatisthe"PettegrovePointForeignObjectDebris^^namedfor?

A.Itsfinder.B.Itslocation.

C.Itsresearcher.D.Itsshape.

7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisright?

A.Mostpeoplebelievethereisn'tanyintelligentlifeonMars.

B.Therecentconcernsconnectedwiththethinfragmenthavenotbeendiscovered.

C.AccordingtoNASA,theobjectfoundrecentlywasapieceofman-madecraftor

vehicle.

D.Theobjectoncemakingmanypeopleworriedhasthesamecolorwiththesurrounding

sand.

8.Inwhichpartofnewspapercanyoureadthetext?

A.Science.B.Food.

C.Sports.D.Travelling.

【答案】5.C6.B7.B8.A

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了美國好奇號探測器在火星表面發(fā)現(xiàn)一些

奇怪的碎片，不知道它是什么，也不知道它來自哪里，對這一發(fā)現(xiàn)美國航天局不僅

感到驚訝，而且有點擔(dān)心。經(jīng)過掃描后發(fā)現(xiàn)它只是一塊薄薄的巖石，這塊巖石碎片

是如何到達(dá)它所在的位置的，以及為什么它看起來和周圍沙子和碎片的顏色不同，

這些都還沒有得到解釋。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“So,whentheCuriosityrover（好奇號探測器）found

somethingsuspiciousontheRedPlanet,ssurface,theywerenotonlysurprisedbutalsoa

littlebitworried”（所以，當(dāng)好奇號探測車在這顆紅色星球的表面發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑的東西時，

他們不僅感到驚訝，而且有點擔(dān)心。）可知，美國宇航局對所發(fā)現(xiàn)的碎片持驚訝和擔(dān)

憂的態(tài)度。故選C。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thethinfragment（碎片）wassuspiciousenoughto

guaranteeitsownname,withNASA'sCuriosityroverteamcallingitthe“PettegrovePoint

ForeignObjectDebris,5,namedfbrthelocationwhereitwasdiscovered.^^（這塊薄薄的

碎片很可疑，足以保證它有自己的名字，美國宇航局的“好奇號''漫游者小組稱它為

uuPettegrovePointForeignObjectDebris"”,以它被發(fā)現(xiàn)的位置命名。）可知，

"PettegrovePointForeignObjectDebris”是以它被發(fā)現(xiàn)時的位置命名的。故選B。

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thankfully,thoseconcernsseemtohavebeenunfbunded.^^

（值得慶幸的是，這些擔(dān)憂似乎是沒有根據(jù)的。）可知，最近與薄碎片有關(guān)的問題還

沒有被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Despitewhatsomanypeoplewouldlovetobelieve,

NASAhasn'tdiscoveredanyevidenceofpastorpresentintelligentlifeonMars."（盡管

很多人都愿意相信，美國宇航局還沒有在火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)任何過去或現(xiàn)在有智慧生命的

證據(jù)。）可推知，這篇文章可能出自報紙上的科學(xué)板塊。故選A。

MaryEnglePenningtonwasthegreatestauthorityonrefrigerationintheearly

twentiethcentury.Overthecourseofa40-yearcareer,Penningtonchangedtheway

Americanstransportedandstoredfood.

PenningtonwasbomonOctober8,1872.Atage12,herinterestinsciencebegan

whenshereadalibrarybookonmedicalchemistry.In1890,sheenrolledin（登記入學(xué)）

TowneScientificSchool.Intwoyears,shecompletedtherequirementsfbrabachelor's

degree.PenningtonreceivedherPhDinchemistryfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniain

1895.ThenshespenttwomoreyearsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudyingchemical

botany.

In1901,shefoundedthePhiladelphiaClinicalLaboratory,wheresheconducted

bacteriologicalandchemicalresearch.In1904,Penningtonheadedthelabforthe

PhiladelphiaDepartmentofHealthandCharities.Sheexaminedallphases（階段）ofmilk

production.

Becauseofpublicdemandforsaferproducts,theUSgovernmentpassedthe1906Pure

FoodandDrugAct.HarveyW.Wiley,chiefoftheBureauofChemistryoftheUS

DepartmentofAgriculture（USDA）,soughttofillthenewpositionoffirstchiefofthe

USDA'snewFoodResearchLaboratory.Wileyknewwhohewantedfbrthejob.He

persuadedPenningtontotakeacivilserviceexam.Afterreceivingthehighestscore,

Penningtonwashired.

Whileworkingatthelabasabacteriologicalforchemist,Penningtondeveloped

standardsforinspectingmilkandpreservingdairyproducts.Sheinventednewmethodsfor

transportingeggs.TheFoodResearchLaboratorysetstandardsforfederallawsinthe

cold-storageindustry.

In1917,theUnitedStatesenteredWorldWarI.TheWarFoodAdministration

transportedfoodtotroopsbyrailroadcarsandneededhelpkeepingthefoodfresh.They

askedPenningtonforhelp.Shemeasuredtemperaturesandinvestigatedtheconstructionof

thecrude（簡陋的）refrigerationmethodsonhundredsoftraincars.Aftercrossingthe

UnitedStatesover500times,Penningtonwasabletoimprovethedesignandefficiencyof

refrigeratedrailwayboxcars.Shesolvedtheproblemofhumidity（濕度）controland

redesignedtheboxcar.

Forherserviceduringthewar,PenningtonreceivedaNotableServiceMedalin1919.

9.WhatdidWileythinkofPennington?

A.Shewasthebestchemist.B.Shewasagoodcooperator.

C.Shewasgoodattakingexams.D.Shewasqualifiedastheheadofalab.

10.WhatdidPenningtonmainlydowhensheworkedattheFoodResearchLaboratory?

A.Shedrewupanimportantact.

B.Shedesignedthefirstrefrigeratedboxcar.

C.Sheexaminedallphrasesofmilkproduction.

D.Shesetstandardsforthefoodstorageindustry.

11.WhatmadePemingtongetaNotableServiceMedal?

A.Hercontributionduringthewar.B.Herdiscoveryofrarebacteria.

C.Herinventionofrefrigerators.D.Herdonationtocharities.

【答案】9.D10.D11.A

【解析】

【分析】本文是記敘文，主要講述了潘寧頓的教育背景和她為食品儲存行業(yè)制定了

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Wileyknewwhohewantedforthejob.Hepersuaded

Penningtontotakeacivilserviceexam.Afterreceivingthehighestscore,Penningtonwas

hired/,可知U威利知道他想要誰來做這份工作。他說服彭寧頓參加公務(wù)員考試。在

獲得最高分后，彭寧頓被錄用了?？芍猈iley認(rèn)為Pennington勝任實驗室領(lǐng)頭人這

個職位。故選D項。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段aWhileworkingatthelabasabacteriologicalforchemist,

Penningtondevelopedstandardsforinspectingmilkandpreservingdairyproducts.可

知口當(dāng)彭寧頓作為一個細(xì)菌學(xué)化學(xué)家在實驗室工作時，他制定了檢驗牛奶和保存奶

制品的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。可知Pennington在事務(wù)研究實驗室工作期間制定了食物儲存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

故選D項。

【11題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Forherserviceduringthewar,Penningtonreceiveda

NotableServiceMedalin1919.v可知，由于她在戰(zhàn)爭中的服務(wù)，彭寧頓在1919年獲

得了一枚杰出服務(wù)獎?wù)?。Pennington獲得杰出服務(wù)勛章的原因是在戰(zhàn)爭中的貢獻(xiàn)。

故選A項。

Despitebeingusedby1.34billionpeopleeachyear,travelingontheTubeinLondon

canactuallybequitelonely.Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwithclassic

Britishreserve,meansthateventhoughyou'repackedintoenclosedspacewithundredsof

otherpeople,themorningtripcanleaveyoufeelingsomewhatlonely.

OneLondonresident,however,istryingtochangethis."YougetontheTubehereand

it'scompletelysilentandit'sstrange,"saysJonathanDunne,anAmericanlivinginLondon,

whohasstartedacampaignofgivingoutbadges（徽章）withtheslogan“TubeChat??,last

month,encouragingtravelersinLondontogettalkingtooneanother.

AlthoughDunnesayshe'sreceivedmostlypositiveresponses,therearealways

exceptions.

LondonerBrianWilsonrespondedwithacampaignofhisown,handingout500

badgeswiththewords“Don'teventhinkaboutit“onthem."Ican'tstandtheideaof

havingtotalktostrangersontheTubeonmywaytoworkJhesaid.

MichaelRobinson,astudentfromLondon,agrees."BeingontheTubeistheonly

peaceandquietsomepeoplegetontheirjourneystoandfromwork.Itdoesn'tneedtobe

spoiledbypeoplecomingupandchattingtoyou,“hesays.

“PeopleassumethatIjustwalkupandtalktostrangers,whichIdon't,butifsbeena

greatwaytomeetpeopleyouwouldneverhavenormallyspokento,“Dunnesays.Soifyou

everendupusingpublictransportinLondon,whynotsayhellotothepersonnexttoyou?

Justmakesuretocheckforabadgefirst.

12.WhichpartlyleadstothesilenceontheTubeinLondon?

A.Thegovernment'srule.B.People'sdesireforquiet.

C.Britishpeople'spersonality.D.Awarenessofpersonalprivacy.

13.Whatcanthebadgewith"TubeChat?”beseenas?

A.Arequestforkeepingsilent.B.Aspecialwayofgreetingsomeone.

C.Asignalofavoidingbeingdisturbed.D.Anencouragementtostartaconversation.

14.WhydoestheauthormentionBrianandMicheal?

A.Tostresstheimportanceofcommunication.

B.ToshownoteveryoneagreeswithDunne'sidea.

C.ToproveLondonersarespeechlessontheTube.

D.Tostatethedisadvantagesofchattingwithstrangers.

15.What'sthebesttileforthepassage?

A.SilenceontheTube!

B.TubeChatorNot

C.LonelyTravelintheLondonTube

D.TubePassengersWearingBadges

【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.B

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章首先指出了倫敦地鐵上因為人們相互間并不交流而

顯得安靜、孤獨，因此一個本地人JonathanDunne提出一項倡導(dǎo)在地鐵上聊天的運(yùn)

動，此舉受到人們積極的回應(yīng)，但也有人提出反對。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句"Anunwrittenruleencouragingsilence,mixedwith

classicBritishreserve,meansthateventhoughyou'repackedintoenclosedspacewit

hundredsofotherpeople,themorningtripcanleaveyoufeelingsomewhatlonely.w（英

國有一條不成文的規(guī)定，鼓勵人們保持沉默，并帶有典型的英式矜持。這意味著，

即使你和成百上千的人擠在一個封閉的空間里，早晨的旅行也會讓你感到有些孤獨）

可知，地鐵上氣氛沉悶的原因，是與英國人內(nèi)向、寡言少語的性格有關(guān)。故選C項。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“whohasstartedacampaignofgivingoutbadges

withtheslogan"TubeChat"lastmonth,encouragingtravelersinLondontoget

talkingtooneanother（上個月他開始了一項運(yùn)動，發(fā)放帶有"TubeChat?"標(biāo)

語的徽章，以此鼓勵倫敦的游人們與別人聊天）”可知，試圖改變地鐵上氣氛沉悶

這一現(xiàn)狀的倫敦居民Dunne提出了倡議人們在地鐵上主動發(fā)起聊天的運(yùn)動，徽章上

的標(biāo)語“要在地鐵上聊天嗎？”就是鼓勵游客們與他人聊天。故選D項。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題o根據(jù)第三段“AlthoughDunnesayshe9sreceivedmostlypositiveresponses,

therearealwaysexceptions."可知，盡管Dunne的倡議受到很多人的肯定，但也有反

對的聲音，緊接著就給出了Brian和Michael的反對意見，提到他們就是為了佐證這

一點，與B選項“并不是每個人都同意Dunne的想法”說法一致。故選B項。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題?？傆[全文可知，文章從倫敦地鐵上人們寡言少語、缺乏交流的現(xiàn)象出

發(fā)，圍繞著是否應(yīng)該改變這種現(xiàn)狀給出了不同的看法、意見，B選項“地鐵是否聊

天”中包含話題中心詞Tubechat一詞，也表達(dá)出了議論的話題，適合作為標(biāo)題。故

選B項。

Theterm"adulting”startedasasortofjoke-wheneveramillennial（千禧——代）would

dosomethingage-acceptable,thiswasanactof"adulting”.Now,though,millennials

obviouslyrequiretraininginbeinganadult.

RachelFlehingerhasfoundedanAdultingSchool,whichincludesonlinecourseson

simplesewing,conflictsolutionandcooking.Thecauseforsuchclassesisthatmany

millennialshaven,tleftchildhoodhomes-inAmerica34percentofadultsaged18to34still

livedwiththeirparentsasof2015,upfrom26percenttenyearsbefore.

There'sagooddealoftruthtothis.Ifyou'relivingathome,withMomandDaddoing

theirbesttospoil（溺愛）you,you'relesslikelytoknowhowtodolaundry,cookormake

thebed.Dependeneybreedseneeeatien.

Butlivingathomedoesn'tnecessarilyleadtodependency.Asof1940,morethan30

percentof25-to-29-year-oldslivedathomewithparentsorgrandparents.Theywere

adulting,evenwhilelivingathome.Parentsexpectedtheirkidstodochores,topreparefor

life.Insteadofblaminglivingathome,then,wehavetoblameourstyleofparenting.The

truthisthatwe'vesimplybecomelazierasparents.

Sowhafstherealproblem?

We*remorelikelytoletourkidslieonasofathantellthemtogetajobandpayrent.

Wedon*tpushourkidstobuildfamiliesoftheirown,aslifespendinghasincreased.

Americansaren*texpectedtostartbuildingalife,particularlymiddle-and-upper-class

Americans,untilthey'renearingtheir30s.Thenthequestionishowwecanencourage

youngpeopleto"adult”innon-circumstance-drivenfashion.

16.Whatdoesthelastsentence"Dependencybreedsenervation"inthethirdparagraph

mean?

A.Presentkidsaretoolazytodohousework.

B.Parentswouldliketodohouseworkbythemselves.

C.Kidsdependontheirparents.

D.Dependencymakeskidsunabletodothings.

17.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Millennialswouldliketobetrainedinbeinganadult.

B.Millennialsdon*tadultbecausetheystillliveintheirchildhoodhomes.

C.Parentsaretoolazytodochores.

D.Inthe1940skidswereadultingevenwhentheywerelivingathome.

18.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Millennialsshouldleavehomeearlytoadult.

B."Adulting"ishardmostlybecauseparentshardlypushtheirchildrenintosociety.

C.Americansaren'texpectedtostartbuildingalifeuntiltheyYenearingtheir30s.

D.Adultingschoolswithonlinecoursesarepopular.

19.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillbeprobablywritteninthefollowingpart?

A.Thegovernmentshouldputofftheageofadulthood.

B.Parentsshouldleavekidsinchargeofsociety.

C.Parentsshouldputresponsibilityonyoungpeople.

D.Pushingkidstoadultispainfulforparents.

【答案】16.D17.D18.B19.C

【解析】

【分析】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了父母懶得教孩子使千禧一代的成人之道很難。

【16題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)該句話前的"Ifyou'relivingathome,withMomandDaddoingtheir

besttospoil（溺愛）you,you'relesslikelytoknowhowtodolaundry,cookormakethe

bed.”可知，如果父母在家里溺愛你，你就不太可能知道如何洗衣服，做飯或鋪床。

畫線句為進(jìn)一步的總結(jié)，據(jù)此可推知，畫線句意在表達(dá)，過度依賴父母會使孩子喪

失做事情的能力，故選D。

【17題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Asof1940,morethan30percentof25-to29-year-olds

livedathomewithparentsorgrandparents.Theywereadulting,evenwhilelivingat

home.”可知，20世紀(jì)40年代，即使與父母同住，年輕的孩子也表現(xiàn)得像成人一樣，

什么都會做。故選D。

【18題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第四段中的“Insteadofblaminglivingathome,

then,wehavetoblameourstyleofparenting.Thetruthisthatwe'vesimplybecome

lazierasparents.然而并不是責(zé)備住在家里，我們應(yīng)該責(zé)備父母的教育方式。真相就

是作為父母我們變的更加懶惰了”可知，父母的教育方式（父母變得越來越懶惰）

使孩子很難成人，因此本文主要介紹了父母懶得教孩子使千禧一代的成人之道很難。

即因為父母幾乎不把孩子推向社會，使得千禧一代人的成人之路很難。故選B。

【19題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thenthequestionishowwecanencourageyoung

peopleto",adult"innon-circumstance-drivenfashion.,,可知,接下來的問題是,我們

如何鼓勵年輕人以非環(huán)境驅(qū)動的方式成人，也就是像20世紀(jì)40年代那時候一樣，

孩子雖然與父母同住，但父母會讓孩子承擔(dān)做家務(wù)、為獨立生活做準(zhǔn)備等責(zé)任。由

此推知，文章接下來會介紹父母應(yīng)該讓年輕人承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任。故選C。

【點睛】

SleepinginonSaturdayafterafewweeksoftoolittleshuteyemayfeelrefreshing,but

itcangiveafalsesenseofsecurity.

Newresearchshowslong-termsleeplosscannotbecuredthateasily.

Scientistsresearchedtheeffectsofshort-andlong-termsleeplossandfoundthatthose

whosufferlong-termsleeplossmayfiinctionnormallysoonafterwakingup,but

experiencesteadilyslowerreactiontimesasthedaygoesby,eveniftheyhadtriedtocatch

upthepreviousnight.

Theresearchhasimportantsafetysignificancesinanincreasinglybusysociety,not

justforshift-workersbutfortheroughlyoneinsixAmericanswhoregularlygetsixhours

orlessofsleepanight.

“Weknowthatstayingawake24hourswithoutsleepwillaffectyourperformanceto

doallsortsofthings,andthiseffectequalstodrinkingtoomuchwhendriving,saidlead

researcherDr.DanielCohenofBoston'sBrighamandWomen'sHospital.Butwhenthose

whosufferlong-termsleeplossbecomeall-nighters,utheharmisincreasedtentimes,“

Cohensaid.

TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaysadultsneedsevenhourstoninehoursofsleep

fbrgoodhealth.Regularlygettingtoolittlesleepincreasestheriskofhealthproblems,

includingmemoryimpairment（受損）andaweakenedimmunesystem.

Moreimmediately,toolittlesleepaffectsreactiontimes;sleepinessistoblamefbrcar

crashesandotheraccidents.

Ithascriticallyimportantcomplicatedandunexpectedresultsfbranyonewhoworks

“crazyhours^^andthinkstheyareperformingfinewithafewhoursofweeknightsleep,said

Harris,directoratNewYork'sMontefioreMedicalCenter."Don'tthinkyoucanjustbank

upyoursleepontheweekend,becauseitdoesn'tworkthatway,“hewarned.

20.Thetextmainlyadvisespeople.

A.tosleepmoretimeB.tosleepinonSaturday

C.tosleepscientificallyD.tosleeplittleonweekend

21.Peoplewithlong-termsleeploss.

A.arequickerinthinking

B.mayfeelrefreshedsoonafterwakingup

C.aresurelyenergetic

D.canhaveastrongsenseofsecurity

22.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.MostoftheAmericansgetsixhoursorlessofsleepanight.

B.Stayingupisworsefbrthosewhosufferlong-termsleeploss.

C.Trafficaccidentshavelittletodowithsleepiness.

D.OneinsixAmericansareall-nighters.

23.Theunderlinedphrase“bankup“inthelastparagraphmostprobably

means.

A.pileupB.pickupC.addupD.buildup

【答案】20.C21.B22.B23.A

【解析】

【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述研究表明長期缺覺是無法彌補(bǔ)的。

【20題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“TheNationalInstitutesofHealthsaysadultsneedseven

hourstoninehoursofsleepfbrgoodhealth.Regularlygettingtoolittlesleepincreasesthe

riskofhealthproblems,includingmemoryimpairment（受損）andaweakenedimmune

system.（美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院表示，成年人需要七到九個小時的睡眠才能保持健康。

經(jīng)常睡眠過少會增加健康問題的風(fēng)險，包括記憶力減退和免疫系統(tǒng)衰弱）”可知，本

文主要建議人們要科學(xué)地睡覺，不要熬夜。故選C。

[21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SleepinginonSaturdayafterafewweeksoftoolittleshuteye

mayfeelrefreshing,butitcangiveafalsesenseofsecurity.（在連續(xù)幾周睡眠不足的情況

下，周六睡個懶覺可能會讓你感覺神清氣爽，但它會給你一種錯誤的安全感）”和第

三段“Scientistsresearchedtheeffectsofshort-andlong-termsleeplossandfoundthat

thosewhosufferlong-tennsleeplossmayfunctionnonnallysoonafterwakingup（科學(xué)家

研究了短期和長期睡眠不足的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)那些長期睡眠不足的人在醒來后可能很快

就會恢復(fù)正常）可知，長期睡眠不足的人在醒來后可能會感到精神煥發(fā)。故選B。

【22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“theroughlyoneinsixAmericanswhoregularlygetsixhours

orlessofsleepanight.（大約六分之一的美國人每晚睡眠時間不超過六小時）”可知，

選項A和D錯誤，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段“Butwhenthosewhosufferlong-termsleeploss

becomeall-nighters,"theharmisincreasedtentimes,“Cohensaid.（但科恩說，如果那些

長期睡眠不足的人通宵熬夜，“這種危害就會增加十倍。“）”可知，選項B正確，

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段sleepinessistoblameforcarcrashesandotheraccidents.（困倦是車禍

和其他事故的罪魁禍?zhǔn)祝笨芍x項C錯誤。故選B。

【23題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句的前文“thinkstheyareperformingfinewithafew

hoursofweeknightsleep（認(rèn)為他們在工作日晚上只睡幾個小時就可以過得很好）”可

推知，此處表示工作日缺少的睡眠時間可以用周末儲存的睡眠時間來彌補(bǔ)，所以劃

線詞組所在句的句意為“不要以為你可以在周末把你的睡眠儲備起來，因為事情不

是這樣的”。由此可知，劃線詞組bankup”的意思是“堆積，聚集”。故選A。

ONTUESDAY,theShenzhenteamofBlueSkyRescue,anonprofitcivilrescue

team,confirmedthattwoofitsmembershaddiedtryingtorescue24touristswhohadgot

intodifficulties.

Accordingtotheofficialnews,itwasonMondaythattherescueteamreceiveda

telephonecallfrom24travelers,whoweretrappedinarivervalley,withastormonthe

wayandoneofthefemaletravelersbeingbadlyinjured.

Theteamrespondedimmediately.However,whentheyhelpedthetravelers,two

teammembergottrappedbytherisingriverwater.Thenextday,theywereconfirmed

dead.

Thetwoheroeswhogavetheirownlivestosaveothersarebeingmournedbyall.

Whocanrescuetherescuers?Thequestionarousedaheateddiscussionamong

people.MostofthemthinkwewouldrathersuchMheroicdeeds"werenotrequired.

However,thatdependsonpeoplebeingmoresensible.Inthepastseveralyears,there

havebeenmanycasesinwhichtravelers,ignoringthesignssayingcertainareasare

dangerousandofF-limits,stillhavekepton"exploring"unpavedandunmarkedregions

andendedupneedingtoberescued.Bysodoing,theyputnotonlytheirownlivesatrisk

butalsothelivesofthosewhogototheiraid.

Inthiscase,althoughthetravelersmayhavebeeninanauthorizedarea,theyignored

thewarningsofanapproachingtyphoon.Itwasextremelyreckless（魯莽）ofthemto

travelintothewildonsuchaday,asthelocalweatherforecasthadwarnedpeopleagainst

theupcomingtyphoon.Tworescuershavelosttheirlivesbecauseofthethoughtlessnessof

others.

Thelawhasalreadymadeitclearthatifatravelerorgroupgetsintodifficultieswhen

enteringunauthorizedregions,theymustbearthecostsoftherescueoperations.The

regulationsneedstrengtheningtodetertravelersfromputtingtheirownlivesandthelives

ofothersatrisk.

24.Whathappenedtoawomantraveler?

A.Shelostherway.

B.Shewastrappedonthemountain.

C.Shediedinthestorm.

D.Shewasseriouslyhur