專(zhuān)題42 完形填空滿(mǎn)分策略（講案）原卷版

1/20高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專(zhuān)題42完形填空滿(mǎn)分策略（講案）原卷版（快問(wèn)快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+考法點(diǎn)撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、完形填空快問(wèn)快答P2二、完形填空高考考情P2三、完形填空解題策略P3四、完形填空思維導(dǎo)圖P4五、完形填空考法點(diǎn)撥P5考法一：五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題P5考法二：四大技巧穩(wěn)抓句組層次題P6考法三：七種邏輯提升語(yǔ)篇層次題P9六、完形填空易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)及備考建議P11易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一：不懂熟詞生義P11易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二：未能聯(lián)系上下文P12易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三：沒(méi)記準(zhǔn)固定搭配含義P13易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四：缺乏常識(shí)或文化背景知識(shí)P13七、完形填空真題演練(2024題組)P14八、完形填空名校模擬(4篇)P22一、完形填空快問(wèn)快答Q1：完形填空有什么特點(diǎn)？A1：以記敘文、夾敘夾議文為主，說(shuō)明文為輔，圍繞人與自我、人與社會(huì)、人與自然三大主題語(yǔ)境，考查學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)綜合素養(yǎng)和關(guān)鍵能力。考點(diǎn)設(shè)置以實(shí)詞為主，其中對(duì)動(dòng)詞、名詞以及形容詞的考查數(shù)量最多。Q2：完形填空做題步驟如何？A2：第一步:讀“首句”，辨“文體”。學(xué)生應(yīng)該充分利用首句的提示作用，分辨文章體裁，知曉文章大意。第二步:重“脈絡(luò)”，通“結(jié)構(gòu)”。文章的脈絡(luò)和結(jié)構(gòu)就是故事的排列順序和架構(gòu)方式。不論是哪種體裁的文章，其脈絡(luò)和結(jié)構(gòu)都是作者行文思路的體現(xiàn)，對(duì)深人理解文章的思想內(nèi)容具有重要意義。第三步:找“線索”，推“邏輯”。學(xué)生在做完形填空試題之前可以先避開(kāi)選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)文章的線索，自己填出合適的單詞。Q3：完形填空有哪些命題趨勢(shì)？A3：閱讀量逐年提高，閱讀時(shí)間減少；生詞量有增無(wú)減；長(zhǎng)句增多，句式靈活，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜；選材地道，內(nèi)容豐富，體現(xiàn)育人功能。Q4：如何提高完形填空正答率？A4：一要掌握完形填空命題規(guī)律和選項(xiàng)特征，二要不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯和歷年熟詞生義，三要廣泛進(jìn)行專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，積累做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)，摸索出一套行之有效的個(gè)性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯(cuò)，探尋錯(cuò)誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似錯(cuò)誤。二、完形填空高考考情2020-2024年高考英語(yǔ)完形填空考情分析卷別體裁題材詞數(shù)動(dòng)詞名詞形容詞副詞介詞2024新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文凡是要有自己主見(jiàn)23485112024新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文友善行為美食力量2279512024全國(guó)甲卷記敘文廚房里的祖母聊天276783112023新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文越野賽的善行義舉2257712023新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文幫狗狗與主人團(tuán)聚20973412023全國(guó)甲卷記敘文學(xué)會(huì)不要以貌取物24994612023全國(guó)乙卷記敘文體操奧運(yùn)冠軍故事244123412022新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文家庭野營(yíng)趣味經(jīng)歷218553112022新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文環(huán)球旅行免費(fèi)住宿2095642022全國(guó)甲卷記敘文因狗結(jié)緣愛(ài)情故事27787132022全國(guó)乙卷說(shuō)明文孩子捉迷藏的研究26177422021新課標(biāo)I卷記敘文暑期短暫打工體驗(yàn)2309422021新課標(biāo)II卷記敘文中國(guó)警察無(wú)畏事跡1927712021全國(guó)甲卷記敘文致歉酒店終獲原諒242105412021全國(guó)乙卷夾敘夾議女患巧妙感謝醫(yī)護(hù)261107122020新課標(biāo)卷記敘文海島植樹(shù)保護(hù)環(huán)境22556312020全國(guó)卷I記敘文請(qǐng)不要對(duì)孩子說(shuō)謊251683212020全國(guó)卷II記敘文競(jìng)拍名畫(huà)竟是真跡287114322020全國(guó)卷III記敘文應(yīng)對(duì)難對(duì)付的顧客26583612三、完形填空解題策略完形填空是全國(guó)各地高考英語(yǔ)必考題型之一，它要求考生能夠讀懂一篇有空缺的文章的大意，根據(jù)已學(xué)知識(shí)，在整體理解的基礎(chǔ)上，推導(dǎo)出未知內(nèi)容。它具有主觀性測(cè)試和客觀性測(cè)試的雙重優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它既可以在語(yǔ)篇中考查考生英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，即詞匯、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，又可考查考生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力，如詞語(yǔ)搭配、習(xí)慣用法、詞義辨析、語(yǔ)言交際、文化背景和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗等。同時(shí)它還要求考生必須具備良好的把握上下文行文邏輯和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。1．高考完形填空題的文章選材廣泛，注重原汁原味，內(nèi)容著重體現(xiàn)新課標(biāo)所要求的“關(guān)注學(xué)生情感，提高人文素養(yǎng)”這一人文理念。文章體裁以記敘文為主。2．文章長(zhǎng)度250詞左右，一般設(shè)空20個(gè)，設(shè)空平均間距為10個(gè)詞左右。首句不設(shè)空。3．考查以語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容理解為主，注重對(duì)文章語(yǔ)境的理解和把握。題型按語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，可分為句內(nèi)層次題、句組層次題和語(yǔ)篇層次題。語(yǔ)法考查很少見(jiàn)。4．選項(xiàng)以考查實(shí)詞為主，如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等；虛詞為輔，如介詞、連詞等。完形填空記敘文解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀抓住文章中心中心思想有助于明確做題方向，提高針對(duì)性。文章題目揭示中心思想；如無(wú)題目，抓文章開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾，尤其是議論抒情的語(yǔ)句，也可抓住文章的中心。明確敘述角度在做題時(shí)考生可采用“角色滲透法”，這樣有助于走進(jìn)作者的思維，深入理解文章的含義。理清寫(xiě)作順序記敘文的寫(xiě)作順序有：順敘、倒敘、插敘、補(bǔ)敘、分?jǐn)ⅲ砬鍖?xiě)作順序有助于了解事情發(fā)展的來(lái)龍去脈，從而更迅速、準(zhǔn)確地理解文意。明確寫(xiě)作要素弄清記敘文的6要素(5W1H)，即時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)、結(jié)果(how)，抓住這些寫(xiě)作要素，就基本上抓住了文章的主體。洞悉寫(xiě)作目的寫(xiě)作目的是借助敘事、寫(xiě)人或?qū)懢皝?lái)闡明一個(gè)道理，給人以啟迪或教益。完形填空記敘文解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀分析結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)，即事例→觀點(diǎn)，觀點(diǎn)→事例，觀點(diǎn)→事例→觀點(diǎn)，體會(huì)記敘和議論的關(guān)系，抓住作者的觀點(diǎn)，明確文章的組織方式?？次恼聦儆谏鲜瞿姆N結(jié)構(gòu)，從而明白作者的寫(xiě)作思路。重視首句，把握文章主題首句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過(guò)首句可以初步判斷文章的寫(xiě)作中心，為全面理解文章打開(kāi)一扇“窗戶(hù)”。敘議兼顧，理解議論內(nèi)涵夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個(gè)有機(jī)的整體，敘是議的基礎(chǔ)，而議是敘的升華。在讀這類(lèi)文章時(shí)，掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)閿⑹鍪菫樽髡叩淖h論而服務(wù)的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來(lái)，再結(jié)合對(duì)人物心理和行為的描述，全面把握文章才能正確解題。抓住轉(zhuǎn)換，理清邏輯關(guān)系抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時(shí)調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系，在充分把握語(yǔ)境的基礎(chǔ)上，辨析詞語(yǔ)，進(jìn)一步把握作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。完形填空說(shuō)明文解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象，理清段落關(guān)系。通讀全文，明確作者是針對(duì)哪一個(gè)說(shuō)明對(duì)象從不同的角度和側(cè)面對(duì)其加以說(shuō)明的。在閱讀過(guò)程中要概括、總結(jié)每一段說(shuō)明的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，理清各段之間的關(guān)系，加深對(duì)說(shuō)明對(duì)象的理解。弄清說(shuō)明順序，把握作者態(tài)度。在說(shuō)明的過(guò)程中作者會(huì)選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序?qū)φf(shuō)明對(duì)象進(jìn)行解說(shuō)。把握了說(shuō)明順序就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加深對(duì)整篇文章的理解。常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)明順序有時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序(如因果關(guān)系、果因關(guān)系、先主后次等)和認(rèn)識(shí)順序(如由此及彼、由淺入深、由局部到整體、由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基礎(chǔ)上，還要注意反映作者態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵句，把握作者的寫(xiě)作情感和意圖。四、完形填空思維導(dǎo)圖五、完形填空考法點(diǎn)撥考法一：五大方法速判句內(nèi)層次題句內(nèi)層次題的解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息憑借語(yǔ)感即可順利選出答案。對(duì)于此類(lèi)題目，考生可以邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復(fù)原?！痉椒?利用習(xí)慣搭配和固定結(jié)構(gòu)解題】1.【2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】ItwasjustaftersunriseonaJunemorning.“Nicolo,”whoserealnamecannotbe__41__tothepublicbecauseofItaly'sprivacylaws,42.finishedworkingthewholenightatafactoryinTurin.41．A.attached B．a(chǎn)llocatedC．exposed D．submitted【方法2利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景解題】完形填空的語(yǔ)篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學(xué)、歷史地理、風(fēng)俗民情等方面的知識(shí)?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)，若能積極地調(diào)動(dòng)自己掌握的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)，巧妙地加以運(yùn)用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會(huì)大大簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷過(guò)程，節(jié)省寶貴的時(shí)間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。2.[2021·全國(guó)乙卷]Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,__59__livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisanextraandshouldberewarded.59．A.risking B．changingC．saving D．building【方法3利用句子分析法解題】完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關(guān)系，它使句子的各個(gè)成分之間形成一定的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)這種邏輯關(guān)系找出與未知填空相對(duì)應(yīng)的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過(guò)它推斷出未知填空的答案。3.[2021·浙江卷]．..However，withinfifteenminutesof39.arriving，myworrieshadgone.Everyonewasso__40__andlike-mindedthatitwasvery41.easytofeelathome.40．A.confident B．friendlyC．energetic D．curious【方法4利用邏輯關(guān)系解題】此方法是通過(guò)分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)確定答案，主要應(yīng)用于完形填空的兩類(lèi)題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語(yǔ)；二是考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。4.【2020·新高考卷】Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething23.disturbinghappeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe24.damageitcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.__25__，thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.25．A.Besides B．HoweverC．Therefore D．Otherwise【方法5利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題】上下文語(yǔ)境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評(píng)價(jià)、上下文語(yǔ)篇銜接、句際和段際關(guān)系。在句內(nèi)層次題中，我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^(guò)上下文語(yǔ)境暗示，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。5.[2021·全國(guó)卷乙]Shewas__49__foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge，wesharedinher50.delightatherrecovery.Asshewas51.leavingshewaseagertosay52.goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.49．A.grateful B．thoughtfulC．sorrowful D．fearful考法二：四大技巧穩(wěn)抓句組層次題句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級(jí)的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時(shí)需瞻前顧后，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。【技巧1利用感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題】在完形填空中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過(guò)程中，仔細(xì)找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動(dòng)詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時(shí)重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。1.【2021浙江卷1月卷】Myjobwasto45buildastairwayoutofrock.This46meantclimbingupanddownthesideofamountaininhabited(棲息)bymountainlions，althoughIshouldsaytheywereonlyheard，never47seen.Threedayslater，abeautifulstairwaycameintobeing.The48ofknowingthatmy49workwillbeonthatmountainsideforyearstocomeismassive.48．A.satisfaction B．a(chǎn)mbitionC．expectation D．intention【技巧2利用邏輯關(guān)系解題】在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。2.【2021·天津卷3月卷】Inadditionto31.practicalskills,Pruitt'slessonsteachteamwork,encourageself-worth,andpromotefeelingsofcommunity.48,thekidshavegainedasenseofaccomplishment.32．A.Otherwise B．HoweverC．Somehow D．Meanwhile【技巧3利用語(yǔ)境暗示分析法解題】在句組層次題中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境暗示來(lái)解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導(dǎo)出正確答案。3.【2021·全國(guó)卷甲卷】Burchillwas41.stayingatthehotelonbusinessandplanningto42.visitsomefriendsinthearea.Theyhadaskedhimto43.bringsomepepperoni(辣香腸)frombackeast.Sohe__44__asuitcasefullofpepperoni.44．A.filled B．lockedC．a(chǎn)bandoned D．lost【技巧4利用詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)解題】復(fù)現(xiàn)是一種語(yǔ)義銜接手段，它通過(guò)原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來(lái)表達(dá)某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機(jī)地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)境，利用文章中的語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)來(lái)選擇正確的答案。一、原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)4.【2022?全國(guó)甲】WhenIfirstdatedSteve,Ilearnedhehadadog,Molly,andacat,Flora.WhileIwasthrilledthathewasananimallover,Iworriedthatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack46thecat.46.A.Flora B.Chance C.Molly D.Tilly提醒：Flora—Flora原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)5.【2022·新高考I卷】Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcampingexperiencesoverthepasttenyears.Someofourmemoriesarefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyearswhenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we22alongChalkCreek.22.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled提醒：campingcamped原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)二、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)6.【2018·全國(guó)卷】Whenmostofusgetatextmessageonourcellphonefromanunknownperson,weusuallysay“sorry,41(wrong)number！”andmoveon.ButwhenDennisWilliams42atextthatclearlywasn'tintendedforhim,hedidsomething43(special).42.A.received B.translated C.copied D.printed提醒：get—received是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)7.【2021·天津】He23(offered)tofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes，whichhewouldrepairagain24.24.A.byaccident B.inadvanceC.forfreeD.oncredit提醒：freeofcharge與forfree是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。三、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)8.【2017·全國(guó)I卷】Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthestageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis41processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy42(experience)atcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL—AmericanSignLanguage(美式手語(yǔ)).41.A.searching

B.planning C.natural

D.formal9.【2022·新高考I卷】Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywasclearwhenweheadedoff,butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,andthisonequicklyinterruptedourpeacefulmorningtrip.The29pickedupandthunderrolled.29.A.wind B.noise C.temperature D.speed提醒：storms—wind近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)四、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)10.【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】Sheandherhusbandhavespentthelasttwoyearstravelingtheworld，stoppingeverywherefromParistoSingaporeItmightsoundlikeonelong，expensive42(vacation),butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel43.43.A.safe B.busyC.helpful D.affordable11.【2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Ehlerseventuallysucceededincoaxingtheanimaltohim.Nervousnessandfearwerereplacedwith49.Itjuststartedlicking(舔)Ehlers’face.

49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety

提醒：Nervousnessandfear—joy是反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)五、上下詞復(fù)現(xiàn)12.【2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ】Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow...Onedaythey’ll47(wakeup)anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisa48(lie).Iwonderif49shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50(consequences).Ihaveaverystrong51(fear)thattheliewe’retellingisdoing52(spiritual)damagetoourchildren.49.A.parents B.twins C.colleagues D.teachers提醒：ourtwins，thekids以及下文中的ourchildren與下文parents是總括與分述的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)13.【2022·全國(guó)乙卷】Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2－4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47(child)satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49(see)orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.48.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears提醒：ears與下文中的hear是上下詞復(fù)現(xiàn)考法三：七種邏輯提升語(yǔ)篇層次題完形填空中主要考查七大邏輯關(guān)系：對(duì)立關(guān)系、并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、目的和因果關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、時(shí)間關(guān)系、層次和順序關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系。一、對(duì)立關(guān)系對(duì)立關(guān)系包括讓步、對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，onthecontrary(相反)，bycontrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，eventhough，while，nevertheless(然而，不過(guò))，whereas(然而，反之)，inspiteof(盡管)，regardlessof(不管，不顧)，anyhow，afterall(畢竟)，insteadof(而不是)，ratherthan(而不是)，not...but，otherwise(否則)，orelse，totheopposite(對(duì)立面)，comparedwith等。1.【2022·全國(guó)乙卷】Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44(interrepted)asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly“egocentric”(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45(surprising)researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.46.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested2.【2020·天津卷】Hehasrecentlymadeasignificant16(discovery)—lonelinessisaserioussocialproblemthatcancontributetodepressionandevencrimes，butitcanbe17inacleverway.The18(solution)Chatbenches.17.A.experiencedB.sufferedC.prevented D.felt二、并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系并列和遞進(jìn)關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：and，or，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，similarly等。3.【2022·全國(guó)甲卷】Ayearlater,muchtomy58delight,thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down,nordidI59himto.That’sonlyforgiving60watertothedogsthatbroughtustogether.59.A.beg B.trust C.need D.aid4.【2019·北京卷】Thestudentswhohe’s15(driven)havegoneontobecomephysicians，teachersandengineers，butwhatthey’vealsogotoutoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudents16callhim“Grandpa”.16.A.even B.everC.once D.already三、目的和因果關(guān)系目的和因果關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，inorderthat，consequently(因此)，accordingly，dueto，thanksto，onaccountof(由于，因?yàn)?，becauseof，seeingthat(由于，因?yàn)?，inthat(因?yàn)?，nowthat，asaresult，forthisreason等。5.【2017·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷】Thetickethadastrictno-transfer(不可轉(zhuǎn)讓)45(policy)，butsincepassportinformationwasnotrequiredwhen46(booking)，anyCanadianElizabethGallaghercan47it.47.A.useB.borrowC.choose D.buy四、條件關(guān)系條件關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：if，unless，whether，supposing，onconditionthat，providedthat，dependingon等。6.【2019·江蘇卷】Asyoumarkoffanother“EarthDay”inyourcalendars，contentthatforatleast24hoursIremainedinyourthoughts，IwantedtoremindyouthatIamfrightenedthat41Ican’tsoonreceivetheappropriatemedicineandcareIneed，myillnesswillbecometerminalbeyondallcures.41.A.when B.thoughC.if D.unless五、時(shí)間關(guān)系時(shí)間關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，atthemoment，when，whenever，assoonas等。7.【2020·江蘇卷】Forhim，itwasonethingto49(accept)hisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinue50itcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.50.A.until B.whenC.unless D.before六、層次和順序關(guān)系層次和順序關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，inthefirstplace，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，tobeginwith，tostartwith，ontheonehand，ontheotherhand等。8.【2018·江蘇卷】49，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter，withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad50.lostforever.49.A.Initially B.EventuallyC.TemporarilyD.Consequently七、例證關(guān)系例證關(guān)系常用的標(biāo)志詞和短語(yǔ)有：allinall，altogether，inbrief，insum，inconclusion，inshort，insummary，onthewhole，tosumup，tosummarize，asaproof，asanexample，forexample，forinstance，inparticular，justas，namely，suchas，thatis，asto，say等。9.【2014北京】“Ihopethismethodwouldbeputintopracticeinthenearfuture,41inthenext10years,”hesays.41.A.imagine B.sayC.suppose D.consider六、完形填空易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)及備考建議易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一：不懂熟詞生義對(duì)于一些看上去很熟悉的詞，考生往往不知道或者不重視除了自己所記住的詞義之外的其他意思或者其他詞性。在平時(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)中考生不重視熟詞生義，導(dǎo)致他們?cè)诟呖季o張的答題時(shí)間內(nèi)，腦海中出現(xiàn)的就只有自己最熟悉的意思，從而出現(xiàn)答題失誤，導(dǎo)致丟分。近幾年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷完形填空中頻繁出現(xiàn)熟詞生義這個(gè)考點(diǎn)，一般以下列兩種形式呈現(xiàn)：一、一詞多義【2021全國(guó)乙卷】Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent42ofgratitude（感謝）.A.gradesB.meaningsC.needsD.expectations【易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)解析】B。答案怎么可能會(huì)是A？grades這個(gè)詞再熟悉不過(guò)了，不是“年級(jí)”的意思嗎？這是大部分考生看到這個(gè)詞時(shí)的第一反應(yīng)，殊不知，就是這種“最熟悉的陌生人”讓考生與正確答案擦肩而過(guò)?？忌恢纆rade還可以表示“程度；等級(jí)”，因而在排除了C.needs（需求），D.expectations（期待）之后，勉強(qiáng)選了B.meanings（意思）。備考建議：為了加深學(xué)生對(duì)這一熟詞生義的理解，強(qiáng)化記憶，建議教師用以下方法來(lái)進(jìn)行鞏固練習(xí)：（1）讓學(xué)生在詞典中查grade表示“程度；等級(jí)”的詞條，并將英文釋義摘抄到筆記本上，然后讓他們?cè)儆眠@一釋義造句，若學(xué)生自己造句有困難，可以摘抄詞典上的例句。（2）教師可以準(zhǔn)備含grade的典型例句，然后讓學(xué)生選擇和以上高考例題中意思相同的例句。例如：a.Mybrotherisinsixthgrade.年級(jí)b.HegotagradeAinmaths.分?jǐn)?shù)c.Thebestgradesofteaareexpensive.?等級(jí)02多詞性詞多詞性詞是指同一個(gè)詞，在不變換詞形的情況下，有一種以上的詞性。如果平時(shí)學(xué)生不留意，沒(méi)有掌握這種多詞性詞，那么在高考英語(yǔ)中它就會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生答題造成干擾。

【2021全國(guó)乙卷】Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen

56.replied

:“Ohthisisn’tforthe

57.care

Ihad.Itakethatasa

58

.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.”A.goal

B.givenC.push

D.greeting

【易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)解析】D。2021年高考英語(yǔ)的這道題難倒了諸多考生。根據(jù)考生回憶，當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有選B的原因，主要是其不知道該詞的意思。英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)好一些的考生也只記得given是個(gè)形容詞，但不知道其具體的意思。在這種情況下，考生排除了A.goal（目標(biāo)），C.push（推），因不確定B.given的意思，盡管有一部分考生認(rèn)為D.greeting（問(wèn)候）帶到原文中意思似乎也不對(duì)，但還是勉強(qiáng)選了D。備考建議：教師可以把高考英語(yǔ)完形填空真題當(dāng)作語(yǔ)料庫(kù)，同時(shí)引起學(xué)生重視這些試題，保證練習(xí)的效度。教師可以整理歸納高考真題中類(lèi)似的考題，繼續(xù)考查學(xué)生：?（1）【2020年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Nicoloandanotherbidder

46

untilNicolo?nallywonthepaintingsfor$32.

A.battled

B.debatedC.discussed

D.bargained

【答案】A.battlen.小戰(zhàn)役→v.與……斗爭(zhēng)/爭(zhēng)奪。此處指Nicolo與另一位想買(mǎi)畫(huà)的人爭(zhēng)奪畫(huà)。

（2）【2020年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】The

59family

calledtheItalianCultureMinistry;theofficialconfirmedthatthepaintingswere

60

andworthasmuchas$50million.A.copies

B.originalsC.models

D.presents

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二：未能聯(lián)系上下文高考英語(yǔ)完形填空都有特定的主題語(yǔ)境，但是考生往往會(huì)忽視語(yǔ)境對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的統(tǒng)攝作用，導(dǎo)致其做題時(shí)“只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木，不見(jiàn)森林”?？忌龅讲粫?huì)的題，可以暫時(shí)放過(guò)，往往下文會(huì)有語(yǔ)境上的提示，這也是教師在講解完形填空時(shí)經(jīng)常對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō)的“上下求索”，即聯(lián)系上下文。同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)指的是完形填空中的某個(gè)設(shè)空處的答案在上下文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò)。學(xué)生通過(guò)“上下求索”就能得出設(shè)空處的答案。

【2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】Iwonderif

49.parents

shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong

51

thattheliewe’retellingisdoing

52.spiritualdamagetoourchildren...Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.A.demand

B.fearC.desire

D.doubt

【易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)解析】D。有的考生看到51空前的strong會(huì)選擇doubt，覺(jué)得應(yīng)該是我深深懷疑……，但是如果考生在這里多思考一下，接著看下文“Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.”，就會(huì)得出正確答案為B.fear。備考建議教師在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注到這一特征之后，可以引導(dǎo)學(xué)生用箭頭將下文出現(xiàn)的fear標(biāo)向51空，這樣通過(guò)視覺(jué)形象不斷去強(qiáng)化這一考點(diǎn)，下次遇到類(lèi)似的完形填空題，學(xué)生就會(huì)有意識(shí)地應(yīng)用學(xué)到的技巧去解決類(lèi)似的問(wèn)題。為了鞏固所學(xué)，教師可以找來(lái)類(lèi)似的高考真題或者典型例題來(lái)強(qiáng)化這一知識(shí)點(diǎn)。例如：【2017年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ】YoumustbenamedElizabethGallagherandhaveaCanadian42.A.originB.passportC.accentD.friend易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三：沒(méi)記準(zhǔn)固定搭配含義詞義辨析或者固定搭配是完形填空的必考項(xiàng)，尤其是形近詞辨析、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或者介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。這類(lèi)題型考查的是學(xué)生對(duì)詞義或固定搭配的識(shí)記能力，但考生往往因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)中的單詞或者短語(yǔ)比較相似而記不準(zhǔn)詞義，從而導(dǎo)致丟分。【2019全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】...butthegunshotshadscaredthedogoff.Jeffsearched

55

forRosieinthenextfourdays.A.onpurpose

B.ontimeC.inturn

D.invain【易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)解析】A、B、C。A.onpurpose（故意），B.ontime（按時(shí)），C.inturn（依次；輪流），D.invain（徒勞）?？忌绻麤](méi)記準(zhǔn)這些常見(jiàn)的固定搭配，就會(huì)想當(dāng)然地隨便選擇選項(xiàng)。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四：缺乏常識(shí)或文化背景知識(shí)對(duì)于完形填空中的一些考查常識(shí)或文化背景的題，如果考生對(duì)相關(guān)的主題比較熟悉，有這方面的常識(shí)或者文化背景，那么正答率就高。這就要求考生的閱讀面要廣，有一定的常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)的積累。

【2019全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】58.Finally

youclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith

59

snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.A.permanent

B.littleC.fresh

D.arti?cial

【易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)解析】B。這篇完形填空的主題是人與自然，介紹了非洲最高的山——乞力馬扎羅山的環(huán)境污染情況，以及在當(dāng)?shù)貦C(jī)構(gòu)努力治理之后，其環(huán)境的改觀。如果學(xué)生對(duì)乞力馬扎羅山有所了解，就會(huì)知道它是世界上唯一的一座“赤道雪山”。目前乞力馬扎羅山的冰雪融化、冰川消失現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，在過(guò)去的80年內(nèi)冰川已經(jīng)萎縮了80%以上。有環(huán)境專(zhuān)家指出，乞力馬扎羅雪頂可能將在10年內(nèi)徹底融化消失。選錯(cuò)的考生認(rèn)為，既然積雪和冰川馬上就要消亡了，那積雪肯定特別少，所以就誤選了B.little。在缺乏背景知識(shí)的情況下，考生就會(huì)有各種奇葩的思路。七、完形填空高考真題演練（15空）【2024題組】【2024新課標(biāo)I卷】閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。I’vebeenmotivated–anddemotivated–byotherfolks’achievementsallmylife.WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend41amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istartedrunning42,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas43fora“super,”referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun–15miles.Tobehonest,I44it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy45seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,Idecidedthattheonly46I’deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!SoI47cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I48ofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I49herbikeandwentforaride.The50:TheroadstherewentthroughlargevalleyswhereI’dberidinguphillformilesatatime.I’dneverfacedsuch51.Thatday,Igot52byabout100“l(fā)ocal”bikerswhowereusedtosuchroads.WhenIgotbackhome,suddenlyridingmybikedidn’tseemquiteas53.I’ve54alotsincethen.I’vecometoacceptthatwhatever55Isetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.41.A.knew B.held C.won D.quit42.A.regularly B.silently C.proudly D.recently43.A.asking B.looking C.waiting D.training44.A.made B.believed C.hated D.deserved45.A.advantage B.achievement C.contribution D.influence46.A.way B.risk C.place D.reason47.A.gaveup B.wenton C.turnedto D.dealtwith48.A.heard B.dreamed C.complained D.approved49.A.painted B.borrowed C.bought D.parked50.A.problem B.secret C.principle D.advice51.A.dangers B.events C.opponents D.challenges52.A.passed B.convinced C.admired D.stopped53.A.reliable B.convenient C.familiar D.appealing54.A.traveled B.matured C.missed D.worried55.A.limits B.dates C.goals D.tests【2024新課標(biāo)II卷】閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIdecidedtobuyahouseinEuropetenyearsago,Ididn'tthinktoolong.IlikedtravelinginFrance,butwhenitcametopickingmyfavoritespotto___41___,Italywastheclearwinner.DuringmyfirstvisittoItaly,I___42___toaskfordirectionsororderinarestaurant.ButeverytimeItriedto___43___asentenceofItaliantogether,thelocalssmiledatmeand___44___mylanguageskills.Thatencouragementhelpedmetogetthroughthelanguage___45___.AfterImadeItalymypermanenthome,Idiscoveredhow___46___Italiansare.Neighborswillbringmefreshlymadecheeseandwillcometomydoorto___47___metoclosethewindowinmycarwhenrainiscoming.It'sthesesmall___48___ofkindnessthatmakeanewcountryfeellikehome.Asafoodie,thewaytomyheartisthroughmystomach,andnowherefuelsmy___49___quitelikeItaly.Eachtownhasitsowntraditional____50____,andeveryfamilykeepsarecipepassedfromonegenerationtoanother.Families____51____forbigmealsonSundays,birthdays,andwhateverotherexcusestheycan____52____.Thesemealsarealways____53____bylaughterandjoy.Whatever____54____lifeinItalymighthave,theproblemsare____55____onceyousitdowntoabigmealwithfriendsandfamily.41.A.study B.rent C.visit D.settle44.A.planned B.struggled C.refused D.happened45.A.string B.hang C.mix D.match44.A.improved B.assessed C.admired D.praised45.A.course B.barrier C.area D.test46.A.open-minded B.strong-willed C.warm-hearted D.well-informed47.A.remind B.allow C.persuade D.order48.A.tricks B.promises C.acts D.duties49.A.ambition B.success C.appetite D.growth50.A.costume B.dish C.symbol D.tale51.A.gather B.cheer C.leave D.wait54.A.putupwith B.standupfor C.comeupwith D.makeupfor55.A.signaled B.confirmed C.represented D.accompanied54.A.disadvantages B.meanings C.surprises D.opportunities55.A.created B.forgotten C.understood D.identified【2024浙江1月卷】閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whiletakinga20-hourtrainridealongtheedgeoftheTaklimakanDesertinnorthwesternChina,Ihadthekindofhumbling,educational,andaboveallelse,wonderful41withalocalthatalltravelerslongfor.AyoungChineseman42meonthetrain.My43friendspokevirtuallynoEnglish,soIhappilytookthe44topracticemyChinese.Overseveralhours,hewouldtellmeabouthowhehad45atwo-yearprofessionalschooltoquicklyfindajob46highwaysinordertohelpsupporthisfamily.Perhapsthemost47,however,wasthefactthatthismanspenthoursstudyingeverydayafterhardphysicallabor.Withoutbattinganeye,hewould48atranslatedEmersonpassagebeforeaskingabouttheliteraryinfluenceofAmerican49asawhole.”AndwhatdoyoualllearnaboutRussianauthors?”I50himaskingatonepoint.Itwouldhavebeeneasyto51myassumptionsaboutthishighwaybuilderwhohadneverbeenmorethanafewhundredmilesfromhome.Butthishighlyinformed,52,andadmirablepersonpreventedmedoingso.Inthecourseofacoupleofhours,he53mejusthowmuchonecangainfrom54withanopenmind,andawillingnessto55withlocalsfromallwalksoflife.41.A.experiment B.encounter C.competition D.appointment42.A.treated B.saved C.lectured D.approached43.A.true B.so-called C.new D.long-lost44.A.chance B.advice C.trouble D.right45.A.visited B.financed C.attended D.founded46.A.building B.sweeping C.checking D.guarding47.A.typical B.obvious C.natural D.remarkable48.A.publish B.quote C.copy D.download49.A.writers B.historians C.workers D.students50.A.anticipate B.imagine C.recall D.catch51.A.lookinto B.relyon C.goover D.dealwith52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled C.warm-hearted D.self-educated53.A.asked B.warned C.showed D.promised54.A.traveling B.reading C.searching D.teaching55.A.cooperate B.side C.negotiate D.engage八、完形填空名校模擬（15空）（2024·廣東·二模）It’sbeenoverayearsinceIstartedmyvolunteerworkasacaregiveratawell-knownlocationhereinOklahoma.Duringarecentvisit,Ihada(n)1withanursethere.WediscussedhowIranintosomeissueswithmyrightlegafteraterriblefall.Iwassharinghowmynew2ledmetohavetomakesomepersonalchangesandsoI3someat-homeprojects,suchasavegetablegarden,achickenpen,andmypetbirds,whenJudithwheeledoverandpolitelyintroducedherself.She4offeredmealike-newbirdcagetoreplacemy5one,andIgratefullyacceptedher6.WhenIwenttoJudith’shouseto7thebirdcage,sheaskedifIcould8herforanupcomingsurgerysinceshehadnooneelsetorelyon.Ifelt9tobechosentotakecareofherafterthe10.Judith,whoisalsoa11andhasdevotedmanyyearstoworkingasahospitalvolunteer,truly12tobetreatedwithkindnessandrespect.Thisexperienceservesasabeautifulexampleoftwo13showingrandomactsofkindnesstowardseachother.Ifirmlybelievethateverythinghappensforareason,andIamtruly14fortheopportunitytocareforJudith.Inthefuture,shouldIeverneed15,Ihopetoreceivethesamelovingsupport.1．A．date B．drink C．a(chǎn)rgument D．conversation2．A．jobs B．rules C．challenges D．wishes3．A．funded B．sold C．created D．studied4．A．kindly B．proudly C．jokingly D．calmly5．A．hanging B．struggling C．hand-made D．solar-powered6．A．offer B．claim C．decision D．donation7．A．lookfor B．pickup C．throwoff D．putaway8．A．forgive B．thank C．interview D．a(chǎn)ccompany9．A．honored B．prepared C．relaxed D．qualified10．A．checkin B．a(chǎn)ccident C．operation D．examination11．A．patient B．doctor C．cleaner D．caregiver12．A．needs B．expects C．deserves D．continues13．A．nurses B．elders C．visitors D．strangers14．A．sorry B．grateful C．responsible D．famous15．A．a(chǎn)dvice B．a(chǎn)ssistance C．information D．guidance（2024·廣東茂名·二模）Itwasabusymorningforme.AsIwaswalkingIsawanoldlady,maybeinher80s,standingquiteclosetothetraffic.Althoughmymindwas16,IthoughtIshouldwarnher.WhenI17thespot,Inoticedthatshewastryingtogetattentionofpassers-bybuttheyweretoobusyto18her.WhenItriedtogentlymoveherbacktoasafeplace,shesaidshehad19herkeyinthemiddleoftheroad.Ilookedaroundbutnoonestopped.IknewIwasgetting20butdecidedtohelp.Ontheroadwereofficegoersincarsaswellasschoolbuses21withchildren.Itwasthe22timeofthedaytocrossabusyroadwithoutatrafficlight.Icarefullysteppedontotheroadwavingmyhandswildwith23almostexpectingtobehitbyanoncomingvehicle.Imovedontothemiddleoftheroad24towavemyhand.JustthenaschoolbuswasapproachingmeandI25walkedinfrontofittostopit.Myexperiencehasbeen