專題21 代詞四大類八個要點(diǎn)（講案）解析版

1/11高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識清單專題21代詞四大類七要點(diǎn)（講案）解析版（快問快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+精講精練+真題分類+原創(chuàng)語填）目錄一、代詞用法快問快答P1二、代詞考點(diǎn)思維導(dǎo)圖P2三、代詞用法考點(diǎn)清單P2考點(diǎn)清單一、it的用法P2考點(diǎn)清單二、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞用法P4考點(diǎn)清單三、指示代詞用法P5考點(diǎn)清單四、不定代詞用法P6四、代詞用法分類訓(xùn)練P8分類訓(xùn)練（一）單句填空（高考真題）P8分類訓(xùn)練（二）單句改錯（高考真題）P9分類訓(xùn)練（三）單句填空（模擬試題）P10分類訓(xùn)練（四）語法填空（外刊原創(chuàng)）P10創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的英國學(xué)生暑期來訪中國P10一、代詞用法快問快答Q1：代詞有哪些種類？A1：代詞是英語常見詞類，種類豐富，包含人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞等。Q2：使用代詞需要注意什么？A2：首先需要注意代詞的基本用法和使用場合要求，其次要注意積累代詞固定搭配。Q3：如何才能學(xué)好代詞？A3：一要構(gòu)建好代詞的知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)，二要了解代詞的基本用法，三要學(xué)以致用，查漏補(bǔ)缺。Q4：學(xué)好代詞有什么意義？A4：一能提高使用語言的準(zhǔn)確性，二能在寫作中嘗試使用高級句式進(jìn)一步提升句子表達(dá)力。二、代詞用法思維導(dǎo)圖三、代詞用法考點(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)清單一、it的用法要點(diǎn)精講1：it六種典型用法it典型場合典型示例替代it：it用作人稱代詞，用來指代事物或上文提到過的內(nèi)容。Learningisabitterroot,butitbearssweetfruit.學(xué)習(xí)根苦果甜。Iboughtachair.Itismadeofwood.我買了一把椅子。它是木頭做的。Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.這個嬰兒餓得啼哭。代詞it:it指時間、距離、天氣等。It's112milesfromLondontoBirmingham.從倫敦到伯明翰有112英里。Whattimeisit?It’stwo-thirty.幾點(diǎn)了？現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)半。形式it:it作形式主語、賓語，不定式、動名詞或從句作真正主語Hefounditexcitingridingtherollercoaster.他覺得坐過山車很刺激。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。It'sapitythatyouhavetogososoon.很遺憾你這么快就得走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)it:it用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句it's…who/that…中強(qiáng)調(diào)主語，賓語或狀語Itwashisparentsthatheturnedtoforadvice.他向父母尋求建議。ItwastwoyearsagothatIbegantolearndrawing.

正是在兩年前我開始學(xué)習(xí)繪畫。無實(shí)義it:it僅構(gòu)成句型，無實(shí)義IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.我按時完成工作得感謝你。I'llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.我會確保一切按時準(zhǔn)備好。習(xí)語it:it用于一些習(xí)慣搭配中Believeitornot,Tomgotmarriedlastweek.信不信由你湯姆上周結(jié)婚了。Wemadeittothesummitofthemountain.我們成功的登上了山頂。要點(diǎn)精講2：it作形式主語/賓語的高頻句型場合示例it作形式主語①Itisapity/shamethat...真可惜……②Itisnowonderthat...難怪……③Itseems/appearsthat...似乎/看來……④Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough...看起來好像……⑤Ithappensthat...碰巧……⑥Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起……⑦Itissaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說/據(jù)報道……⑧Itiscertainthat...……是一定的⑨Itisnouse/gooddoing...做……沒有用/好處⑩Ittakessbsometimetodo...做……花費(fèi)某人若干時間it作形式賓語①主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋adj./n.＋for/ofsbtodo/that…從句②主語＋think/believe/suppose/consider/...＋it＋nouse/awasteoftime＋doing...即時訓(xùn)練一：結(jié)合語境用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1.(全國2012II)Sarahmadetotheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.2.(陜西2012)Nomatterwhereheis,hemakes_____aruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.3.ItwasalongtheMississippiRiver______MarkTwainspentmuchofhischildhood.4.I’dappreciate_________ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.5.Willyouseeto_____thatmybirdsarewelllookedafterwhileIamaway？6.___________waswhenIgotbacktomyapartmentthatIfirstcameacrossmynewneighbors．7.Susanmade_________cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself．8.____isimpossibleforustofinishthedesignbeforeNationalDay.9._____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.10.________isnowonderthathefailedtheexam.即時訓(xùn)練二：用含it句型翻譯下列各句。11.____________________(我突然想到)Ihadleftmykeyathome.12.____________________(真可惜)hemissedthefirstflight.13.____________________(爭吵沒有用)withhim;hewillneverlisten.14.I____________________(清楚表明)hehadnothingtodowiththematter.15.____________________(在午夜)thatIgotbackhomeyesterday.【即時訓(xùn)練一答案】1.it2.it3.that4.it5.it6.It7.it8.It9.It10.It【即時訓(xùn)練二答案】11.Itoccurredtomethat12.Itisapitythat13.Itisnousearguing14.madeitclearthat15.Itwasatmidnight考點(diǎn)清單二、人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞用法要點(diǎn)精講1：類別人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性功能主語賓語、表語定語主語、表語、賓語賓語、表語、同位語第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselvesYou,heandIareindifferentclasses.你、他和我都在不同班級。Givemeachallenge,andIwillmeetitwithjoy.讓我迎接挑戰(zhàn)，我會欣然接受。Heinvitedsomefriendsofhistohisparty.他邀請了他的一些朋友參加宴會。Thechildlookedathimselfinthemirrorwithinterest.那個孩子饒有興趣地看著鏡子里的自己。要點(diǎn)精講2：反身代詞①基本用法反身代詞eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(作賓語\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(動賓：TomtaughthimselfChinese.,湯姆自學(xué)了漢語。,介賓：Youcan’tleavethebabybyhimself.,你不能留下孩子一個人。)),作表語：Sheisnotquiteherselftoday.,她今天不在狀態(tài)。,作同位語：Imyselfcanrepairthebike.,我自己能修那輛自行車。))②常見搭配場合示例與介詞搭配byoneself獨(dú)自地foroneself替自己；為自己ofoneself自動地inoneself本質(zhì)上；本身與動詞搭配applyoneselfto專心致志于behaveoneself舉止得體；行為檢點(diǎn)dressoneself打扮；自己穿衣devoteoneselfto致力于；獻(xiàn)身于helponeselfto隨便吃/用enjoyoneself玩得開心seatoneself就座；入席makeyourselfathome別客氣teachoneself自學(xué)即時訓(xùn)練一：在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.Jim’snameisontheumbrella.Itmustbelongto________(he).2.Wemustkeepreminding_________(we)thatitiseasiertogetintosomethingthanitistogetoutofit.3.Ourneighborsgave_____(we)ababybirdyesterdaythathurt______(it)whenitfellfromitsnest.4.Catherineboughtapostcardoftheplaceshewasvisiting,addressed_________to________(she)andthenposteditatthenearbypostoffice.5.Treat_________toaglassofwinetohelpyourelaxattheendoftheday.即時訓(xùn)練二：完成句子。6.It'stimesomebodytaughtyouhowto______________(表現(xiàn)得體).7.______________(隨便吃)someshrimp.It'sfresh.8.Won'tyoutakeaseatand______________(別客氣)?9.Youtakeeverythingtooseriously!Relaxand______________(玩得開心).10.Afterhehasretired,hewill______________(致力于)gardening.【即時訓(xùn)練一答案】1.him2.ourselves3.us,itself4.it,herself5.yourself【即時訓(xùn)練二答案】6.behaveyourself7.Helpyourselfto8.makeyourselfathome9.enjoyyourself10.devotehimselfto考點(diǎn)清單三、指示代詞用法要點(diǎn)精講：典型用法典型示例it代指上文提到的同一人、同一物--Where'syourcar?--It'sinthegarage.--你的汽車在哪兒？--在車庫里。Startanewfileandputthisletterinit.建立一個新檔案，把這封信放進(jìn)去。that指代上文提到的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatone.中國人口比日本多。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofHainan.北京的天氣比海南冷。those特指上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞ThehousesinZhengzhouarecheaperthanthoseinBeijing.鄭州的房屋比北京房屋便宜。one泛指上文提到的可數(shù)名詞，前有定語Ilostmyoldcamera;thisisanewone.我的舊相機(jī)丟了，這是一個新的。I'dlikeanapple.Areyouhavingone,too?我想買吃蘋果，你也要嗎？ones代替泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞Greenapplesoftentastebetterthanredones.青蘋果往往比紅蘋果好吃。theone特指上文提到的單數(shù)名詞Thisschoolistheonewevisitedlastweek.這是我上周參觀的那個學(xué)校。Ourhouseistheonenexttotheschool.我家的房子就是學(xué)校旁邊的那座。theones特指上文提到的復(fù)數(shù)名詞Don’tbuytheexpensiveapples;buythecheaperones.別買那價錢貴的蘋果，買那便宜的。such倒裝句，考慮就近一致Suchistheresultofthecontest.這就是競賽的結(jié)果。即時訓(xùn)練：在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.(全國2012II)Sarahmade______totheairportjustintimetocatchherplanethismorning.2.(浙江2012)StudyingWendy'smenu,Ifoundthatmanyoftheitemsaresimilarto______ofMcDonald's.3.(福建2011)Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholidays.Youcanchoose______basedonyourowninterests.4.(遼寧2009)______isthepowerofTVthatitcanmakeapersonsuddenlyfamous.5.(山東2010)Helpingothersisahabit,_______youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.6.(重慶2011)--Sillyme!Iforgetwhatmyluggagelookslike.--Whatdoyouthinkof______overthere?7.Atourfactorythereareafewmachinessimilarto_______describedinthismagazine.8.MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_________whohadalreadytakenthem.9.Mypenismissing.Istillhaven’tfound_________.Iwanttobuyanew_______.10.TheinformationontheInternetgetsaroundmuchmorerapidlythan________inthenewspaper.【即時訓(xùn)練答案】1.it2.those3.one4.Such5.one6.that7.those/theones8.those9.it,one10.that考點(diǎn)清單四、不定代詞用法要點(diǎn)精講1：each,both,all等不定代詞用法典型用法典型示例each指兩者或兩者以上中每個Theyeachhavetheirownemailaddress.

他們每個人都有自己的電子郵件地址。both表示“兩者都”Bothhismotherandhisfatherwillbethere.

他父母二人都要去那里。all指“(三者或三者以上)全部”Allfivemenarehardworkers.

五個人全都工作努力。either表示“(兩者中的)任何一個”Youcanparkoneithersideofthestreet.

這條街兩邊都可停車。neither表示“兩者都不”Neitherofmyparentsspeaksaforeignlanguage.

我的父母都不會說外語。none表示“(三者或三者以上)全無，沒有一點(diǎn)”Wehavethreesonsbutnoneofthemlivenearby.

我們有三個兒子，但他們都不住在附近。nothing表示“沒有任何東西”Thedoctorsaidtherewasnothingwrongwithme.

醫(yī)生說我什么毛病也沒有。another泛指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一，又一”Heavyrains

continued

another

three

days.

大雨持續(xù)了三天。Wouldyoulikeanotherdrink?還想喝一杯嗎？other泛指“其余的”，只作定語Arethereanyotherquestions?

還有其他問題沒有？others“另一些”Don't

expect

others

to

read

yourmind.

不要期望別人能看出你的心思。theother特指兩者之中的另一個Heraisedonearmandthentheother.

他先舉起一只手，然后舉起另一只。theothers“剩余的一些”I

walked

back

while

the

others

rode

inthecar.

別人都乘車，而我是走回來的。即時訓(xùn)練一：結(jié)合語境用both,all,either,neither,none,nothing填空。1.Mybrotherwouldliketobuyagoodwatchbut_______wasavailablefromthatshop.(江西2012) 2.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?_______,thankyou.I'vejusthadsomewater.(遼寧2011)3.Ofallthebooksonthedesk,__________isofanyuseforourstudy.(四川2006)4.Theyproducedtworeports,______ofwhichcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.(上海2011春)5.Youmaydropinorjustgivemeacall._______willdo.(安徽2006)6.Bothteamswereinhardtraining;__________waswillingtolosethegame.7.Imadeacalltomyparentsyesterday.Tomydisappointment,_______ofthemansweredit.8.On_________side/On_______sidesoftheroadweregreenfieldsandsomefarmhouse.9.–Howdoyoufindyourclassmates?–Mostofthemarekind,but______issogoodtomeasBruce.10.Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfound_______ofthemagain．即時訓(xùn)練二：結(jié)合語境用something,anything,nothing,everything填空。11.(全國2017)Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon’tagreewith_________.12.(全國2011II)Igotthisbicyclefor_________:Myfriendgaveittomewhensheboughtanewone.13.(四川2011)Thereis_________inhiswords.Weshouldhaveatry.14.(湖南2011)Iknowthat_________wouldeverdiscouragehim;hewouldnevergiveupwantingtobeadirector.15.Shecouldn'tseeorhear_________atall.即時訓(xùn)練三：結(jié)合語境用other,others,another,theother,theothers填空。16.(重慶2013)Recyclingisonewaytoprotecttheenvironment;reusingis________.17.(全國2010I)I'llspendhalfofmyholidaypracticingEnglishand_________halflearningdrawing.18.(四川2008)Themanagerbelievespriceswillnotriseby__________fourpercent.19.(上海2006春)Bothsideshaveaccused_________ofbreakingthecontract.20.Itisverynecessarythatchildrenshouldbetaughthowtogetalongwith_________.21.Jackishard-workingandintelligent.In_________words,Ican’tspeaktoohighlyofhim.22.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,and______animals.23.Therearefivelanguagelabshere.Oneisonthesecondfloorand_________areinthethirdfloor.24.Towarmhimself,thesailorsatinfrontofthefirerubbingonebarefootagainst_______.25.Idon'tknowanyFrenchpeople_________thanyou.【即時訓(xùn)練一答案】1.none2.Neither3.none4.neither5.Either6.neither7.neither8.either/each,both9.none10.none【即時訓(xùn)練二答案】11.everything12.nothing13.something14.nothing15.anything【即時訓(xùn)練三答案】1.another2.theother3.another4.theother5.others6.other7.other8.theothers9.theother10.other要點(diǎn)精講2：典型用法典型示例few修飾可數(shù)名詞，否定含義，“幾乎沒有”Thelastfewwintershavebeenverycold過去幾個冬天都很冷。afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，肯定含義，“幾個；一些”Ihaveafewfriends,butmyyoungersisterhasveryfew.我有一些朋友，但我妹妹幾乎沒有朋友。little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，否定含義，“幾乎沒有”Thereislittletimeleft.幾乎沒剩下什么時間了。alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞，肯定含義，“一點(diǎn)”ShecanspeakalittleFrench,butsheknowslittleEnglish.她能講點(diǎn)法語，但她幾乎不懂英語。many修飾可數(shù)名詞，肯定含義，“許多”Wedon'thaveverymanycopiesleft.我們所剩的冊數(shù)不多。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，肯定含義，“許多”Idon'thavemuchmoneywithme.我沒帶多少錢。即時訓(xùn)練四：結(jié)合語境用上述單詞或詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Itrytovisitmyparents

every________weeks.

2.Hewasadvisedtosmoke________cigarettesanddrink________beer.

3.Butafterthephonecall,thejournalistpromisedtoask

________

friendstoteachhim.

4.Newdrivershave

twiceas________many

accidentsasexperienceddrivers.5.Teenagerswho

are

addicted

to

the

Internetare

________

likely

to

sufferfrom

depression.即時訓(xùn)練四答案：1.few2.fewer,less3.a

few4.more四、代詞用法分類訓(xùn)練分類訓(xùn)練（一）單句填空（高考真題）1.(2024九省聯(lián)考卷)However,hebelievesthatthepracticewithfountainpenshelpsstudentstofocus,towritefaster,andtheycanfeelproudof(they).2.（2024全國甲卷）Thisarea,with66(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreservedforallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy-asanationalpark.3.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof42(they)contents.4.（2022全國乙卷）TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening____________(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.5.（2022北京卷）Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor__________(they),theygettakeoutororderdelivery.6.(2021浙江6月卷)Shewasextremelypretty,andherhousewasareflectionof____________(she),everythingingoodtasteandinperfectorder.7.(2021新高考I卷)Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin____________(I).8.(2020·新高考卷)Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine__________(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryorwalkingthrougharainforest.9.(2019北京卷)Nervouslyfacingchallenges,IknowIwillwhisperto________(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.10.(2018全國III)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.11.（2018浙江卷）ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap_________canbetoeatout.12.(2017浙江卷)Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt___________(I),”saysPahlsson.【參考答案】1.themselves2.its3.their4.its5.themselves6.herself7.mine8.themselves9.myself10.them11.it2.myself分類訓(xùn)練（二）單句改錯（高考真題）1.（2023全國甲卷）Inthatclass,MissZhao,ourbiologyteacher,showedweinsectsonstamps.答案：we改為us。解析：考查代詞。句意：在那節(jié)課上，我們的生物老師趙老師給我們看了郵票上的昆蟲。作動詞show的賓語，應(yīng)用賓格us。故we改為us。2.（2023全國乙卷）LastFridaymymomdecidedtocolorhishair.答案：his改為her。解析：考查代詞。句意：上周五，我媽媽決定染頭發(fā)。此處指“我媽媽染她的頭發(fā)”，應(yīng)用代詞her。故his改為her。3.（2022全國甲卷）MyfatheroftentookmetohishospitalwhenIwasoffmyschool.答案：去掉my。解析：考查短語。句意：當(dāng)我不上學(xué)時，我的爸爸經(jīng)常帶我去他的醫(yī)院。offschool為固定短語，表示“不在上學(xué)時”，school前面不加任何限定詞。故去掉my。4.（2022全國甲卷）Withtheeffortsmadebyallsides,we(myfatherandI)begantounderstandeachotherbetter.答案：all改為both。解析：考查限定詞。句意：在兩方的努力下，我們開始更好地理解對方。結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示作者和父親雙方，用both修飾sides，表示兩方，all用于三者及以上。故將all改為both。5.（2022全國乙卷）Whenyourideabicycle,youdon’tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcausingairpollution.答案：they改為you。解析：考查代詞。句意：所以你不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。根據(jù)前一句中的人稱you可知，這里假設(shè)“你”騎自行車，前后人稱應(yīng)保持一致。故將they改為you。6.（2021全國乙卷）Somewillturntotheirparentsorteachersforhelp.Onlyalittlechoosetodealwiththeproblemsontheirown.答案：little改為few;our改為their。解析：句意：只有一些人選擇自己解決問題。結(jié)合上文“Manystudentssay...”及“Somewillturn...”可知，此處指一些學(xué)生。student為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用afew代指。alittle通常代指不可數(shù)名詞。故little改為few。短語onone’sown，意為“獨(dú)自”，結(jié)合句意可知，此處指學(xué)生們獨(dú)自完成，所以要用代詞their。故our改為their。7.（2020全國I卷）“Notthatway,”mymomtriedtostopusbutfailed.Shewasright.Itdidn’tturnoutasIhadwished.答案：us改為me。解析：句意：“不是那樣。”我的媽媽盡力阻止我，但是失敗了。根據(jù)上文可知，是作者一個人做菜，此處指媽媽盡力阻止“我”，應(yīng)使用第一人稱單數(shù)的賓格，故將us改為me。8.（2020全國I卷）BestofluckwithyourslearningkungfuinChina.Seeyousoon.答案：yours改為your。解析：bestluckofyou譯為“祝你好運(yùn)”是固定短語。故將your改為you。/句中的yours為名詞性物主代詞，不可修飾后面的動名詞。故將yours改為your。9.（2019全國I卷）Fromnowon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.答案：my去掉。解析：考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英語表達(dá)為“playfootball”，中間不能加冠詞或者代詞。故將my去掉。10.（2019全國III卷）Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthatiscreatedforthem.答案：yourselves改為themselves。解析：考查代詞的用法。customers是句子的主語，故把yourselves改為themselves。分類訓(xùn)練（三）單句填空（模擬試題）1.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi’anishigherthan________inanyotherareaofthecity.2.Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems—infactfarmoreserious_______thanmobilephonesdo.3.Youaretheteamstar!Workingwith_____________isreallyyourcupoftea.4.BicyclesmadeinShanghaiarebetterthan_________madeinBeijing.5.Iwanttobuyapairofsportsshoes,_________ataproperprice,butofgoodquality.6.Wow!You’vegotsomanyclothes.But_________ofthemareinfashionnow．7.—Howmanystudentsareintheclassroom?_________.8.ToknowmoreabouttheBritishMuseum,youcanusetheInternetorgotothelibrary,or_______.9.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade_____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.10.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas_____ofpublichealth.【答案】1.that2.ones