高中英語過去分詞

非謂語動詞三過去分詞

過去分詞的句法功能：

1、過去分詞作定語：

作定語用的過去分詞具有被動意義，也可以表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。

單個過去分詞作定語時要放在被修飾的詞語之前，過去分詞短語作定語時要放在被修飾的詞語之后。例如：

Pollutedairandwaterareharmfultopeople'shealth.

Thesuggestionmadebytheforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.

ThefirsttextbooksfbrteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.

A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written

Pricesofdailygoodsthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying

Mostofthepeopletothepartywerefamousscientists.

A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.inviting

2、過去分詞作表語

過去分詞作表語，多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。例如：

Thedoorremainedlocked.

Shewasverydisappoimedattheresultoftheexam.

能這樣用的表示狀態(tài)的過去分詞有:delighted,upset,disappointed,discouraged,amused,astonished,frightened,

amazed,excited,experienced,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,surprised,worried等。

3過去分詞可以在以下四類動詞后面充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語。

1)感官動詞：see,notice,watch,observe,hear,lookat,listento等。例如：

IoftenhearthissongsunginEnglish.

Didyouseehimbeatenbyhisfather?

2)表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞：think,findconsider,believe等。例如：

Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftiedtoabigtree.

Surprisingly,wefoundnovillagersinjuredinthehurricane.

3)使役動詞：have,get,keep,leave,make等。

Ithinkyou'dbetterhaveyourselfexaminedwhenyouarefree.

Hehadhislegbrokenyesterday.

Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.

4)表示“希望、愿望、命令”的動詞：want,wish,like,expect,order等。例如：

Iwantthesuitmadetomyownmeasure.

4.過去分詞作狀語

1.過去分詞作時間狀語。

Askedwhathadhappened,heloweredhishead._____________________________________________________

2.過去分詞作原因狀語

Frightenedbythetiger,thegirldidn'tdaretosleepalone.

3.過去分詞作條件狀語

Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.__________________________________________________

4.過去分詞作讓步狀語。

Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.___________________________________________________

5.過去分詞作狀語表示伴隨動作或狀態(tài)。

Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.

因?yàn)槭艿嚼蠋煹谋頁P(yáng)，他學(xué)習(xí)更加努力了。_______________________________________________________________

要是給我更多的時間，這個工作我將會做得更好。

inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.

A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose

in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.

A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding

注意：以下短語作狀語是用過去分詞作狀語，表示主語的狀態(tài)。如：befacedwith,belostin,bedressedin,be

absorbedin,becaughtin,beexposedto,beworriedabout,belocatedin/at,beseated,betiredof,bedevotedto,

beequippedwith等。

inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.（湖南卷）

A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed

難點(diǎn)：

1.過去分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般必須和句子的主語相一致。如：

Whenaskedwhyhecamehere,theboykeptsilent.

Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.

如果過去分詞的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，必須使用過去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)C

Everythingdone,wewenthome.

Thepresidentmurdered,thewholecountrywasindeepsorrow.

Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.

2.動詞have后所接的三種賓語補(bǔ)語：

havesb./sth.dosth.讓某人做某事

Ihadtheworkersdothejobforme.

Jimoftenhashisfatherhelphimwithhishomework.

havesb./sth.doingsth.-ing分詞作補(bǔ)語，分詞動作也由賓語發(fā)出，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的延續(xù)或正在進(jìn)行。如：

Theyhadthetractorworkingallthetime.

Wewon'thavethechildtalkingtohismotherlikethat.

havesth.done請某人做某事；遭遇到不好的事情

Hehadhishaircutyesterday.

Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchlastmonth.

3過去分詞作定語和-ing作定語以及不定式作定語的區(qū)別

thebridgetobebuilt將要建造的橋（表示將來的動作）

thebridgebeingbuilt正在建造的橋（表示正在進(jìn)行的動作）

thebridgebuilt造好的橋（表示完成的動作）

過去分詞和-ing分詞作表語的區(qū)別：

過去分詞作表語通常表示主語所處的狀態(tài)或感受，翻譯成“感到而?ing分詞作表語多表示主語所具有的特

征，翻譯成“令人…”如:

Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.

Thenewsisverysurprising.

注意:修飾一個人的表情或者聲音（expression/look/voice）時,要用過去分詞，如：Asurprisedlook

5.過去分詞和-ing分詞作定語的區(qū)別：試比較下面幾組短語：

boiledwater開水boilingwater正沸騰的水

developedcountries發(fā)展的國家developingcountries發(fā)展中國家

fallenleaves落葉fallingleaves正在飄落的葉子

由此可見，過去分詞作定語通常表示完成的或被動的動作；而-ing分詞作定語可以表示正在進(jìn)行的主動的動作。

練習(xí)

一請判斷劃線部分的成分

1.Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.

2.Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood.

3.Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.

4.Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.

5.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.

6.Someofthepeopleinvitedtothepartycan'tcome.

7.Everybodywasexcitedabouttheboattrip.

8.Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheardbytheaudience.

9.Don'ttouchtheglassbecauseitisbroken.

10.Thesuggestionmadeby[haforeignexpertwasadoptedbythemanager.

二單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Mr.Smith,ofthespeech,startedtoreadanovel.

A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring

2.Ongettingtothekindergarten,themotherwasgladtoseeherbabywell.

A.lookedforB.caredforC.takecareofD.caredafter

3.Thetwooldsisters,solong,heldeachotherandburstintotears.

A.beingseparatedB.havingbeenseparatedC.havingseparatedD.hadbeenseparated

4.Asweallknow,newspapers,magazinesandradiosaswellastelevisionbroadcastscankeepusofwhatis

happeningintheworld.

A.informingB.toinformC.informedD.beinginformed

5.Whenheturnedaround,hefoundapairofeyeshim.

A.lookingB.watchatC.fixingonD.staringat

6.Afterhiswork,theteachercametohelpmewithmyEnglish.

A.finishedB.beingfinishedC.havingfinishedD.befinishing

7.Followthedirectionsonthebottlecarefullywhenthemedicine.

A.youwilltakeB.takingC.totakeD.taken

8.Thestudents,theirteachers,camehome.

A.followedB.followC.followingD.willfollow

9.Thelong-lastingwar,filledwithbloodanddeaths,endedinpeople'ssadness,noresult.

A.reachedB.toreachC.wouldreachD.reaching

10.Theyspentthenightintheroom.

A.havinglockedB.lockingC.tobelockedD.locked

11.Hewrotealettertotheking.

A.hopingtobesetfreeB.tosethimfreeC.sothatbesetfreeD.askedtobesetfree

12.Stevenhasdevotedallhislifetofilms,andKate,hiswife,isalsotothedutyofherprofession.

A.make;devotedB.making;devotingC.making;devotedD.make;devoting

13.inthedark,hisheadhitagainstatree.

A.HavingwalkedB.HewaswalkingC.WalkedD.Whenhewaswalking

14.Thefilm,truestoryofthisRedArmygeneral,attractedpeople'sinterestalloverthecountry.

A.isbasedonB.isonthebaseofC.whichisthebaseofD.basedon

15.Shereturnedhomefromthemarketonlytofindthedooropenandanumberofthings.

A.stoleB.missingC.missedD.losing

16.withyours,ourlibraryistoosmallasize.

A.Comparing;inB.Comparing;ofC.Compared;inD.Compared;of

17.It'sdangeroustocarryahotpanwithoil.

A.burningB.burntC.bumD.bums

18.Weweretoldthatthestonefigurebacktothe16thcenturywasofgreatvalue.

A.datedB.datingC.comingD.kept

19.intheforest,hehadtoaskforhelpbysendingoutsignals.

A.HavinglostB.LosingC.LostD.Hewaslost

20.1suggestedthecheatintoprison.

A.referredtobeingputB.referredbeputC.referredshouldbeputD.referredtobeput

21.,Iwentoutforawalk.

A.TherewasnothingtodoB.Therebeingnothingtodo

C.TherehadnothingtodoD.Hadnothingtodo

22.Hereturnedhometolearnthatthegirlhadbeenmarriedthesecretaryvillage.

A.becameengagedtohimB.wasengagedtohim

C.engagedtohimbeforeD.gotengagedtohim

23.atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn'tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.

A.DisappointedB.TobedisappointedC.DisappointingD.Havingdisappointed

24.inthedarkcave,hewasnotafraidofbeingfoundbyenemysoldiers.

A.Hidden;armedB.Hide;armedC.hidden;armD.Hiding;armed

25.Tohavethewonderfulclothnewclothes,theyhadthemachinealldaylong.

A.madeof;runningB.madeof;runC.madeinto;workingD.madeinto;work

26.Ifinwetsand,thevegetablescanfreshforalongtime.

A.beingburied;remainB.buried;remainC.buried;beremainedD.burying;remain

27.overandoveragain,buthestillcouldn'tunderstand.

A.HavingexplainedB.havingbeenexplainedC.ExplainingD.Ithadbeenexplained

28.Everything,theplanisfairlypractical,youcanputitintopractice.

A.consideringB.takenintoconsiderationC.toconsiderD.takingintoconsideration

29.fromthemoon,ourearth,withwaterseventypercentofitssurface,appearsasa“blueball”.

A.Seen;coveredB.seeing;coveringC.Seen;coveringD.Tosee;tocover

30.Agreatbigfellow,around250pounds,walkedwithslowheavynoisyfootstepsuptotheproducercounter

inthesupermarket.

A.weighedB.weighingC.weighsD.weighty

31.Fromthedatesonthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.

A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarked

32.Hearingthegoodnews,Ifeltaheavyloadmymind.

A.takingoffB.tobetakenoffC.havingtakenoffD.takenoff

33.Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteacher,withtheireyes.

A.widelyopenB.wideo