2024年人教版中考英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法復(fù)習(xí)課件

構(gòu)詞法

1.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.2.Canyoucanacanasacannercancanacan?3.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.1.Nevertroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.2.Canyoucanacanasacannercancanacan?3.Iwishtowishthewishyouwishtowish,butifyouwishthewishthewitchwishes,Iwon'twishthewishyouwishtowish.1.Iwillnotmakefriendswithadishonestperson.2.Herinjuredleghurtsomuchthatshehadtotakeapain-killer.3.Abad-looking

pickpocketstolemywallet.表示某一類人的名詞+er

+or

+ist

+ian

+man

變名詞farmer,worker,dancer,reporter,writer,visitor,actor,inventor,translator,professordentist,artist,pianist,violinist，scientist,tourist,journalist,musician,librarian,Canadian,Indianpostman,fisherman,Englishman,Frenchman，policeman變抽象名詞+t(s)ion

+ment

+ty

+th

+ness

+ance

+ship

t變ce

其他invention,collection,pronunciation,pollution,solution,discussion,congratulation,suggestion,permission,attention,agreement,development,argumentdifficulty,activity,beauty，safety,popularity,death,growth,truth,youth,wealth,health,lengthbusiness,kindness,illness,goodness,darknessappearancefriendship,hardshipdifferent→difference,important→importance,confident→confidence,silent→silencefail→failureproud→pride，high→height，weigh→weight，fly→flight，succeed→success，speak→speech,please→pleasureun+

dis+

in+

im+

+less

變反義詞unhappy,unfriendly,uncomfortable,unusual,unlucky,unpleasant,unable,unfairdislike,dishonest,disadvantage,disagree

impossible,impolite,imperfecthomeless,hopeless,helpless,careless,useless,fearlessinexpensive,indirect,incorrect,inhuman+ing/ed

+y

+ly

+ful

+ous

變形容詞exciting/excited,interesting/interested,boring/bored,relaxing/relaxedsunny,noisy,healthy,lucky,funny,foggy,salty,tasty,thirstycareful,useful,beautiful,hopeful,helpful,thankful,colorful,wonderfulfriendly,lively,lovely,daily,lonelydangerous,mysterious,famous,serious,anxious+ern

+al

+ive

+ic+en+able變形容詞western,northern,southernprofessional,original,normal,physicalactive,creative,aggressiveenergetic,scientific,realisticwooden,woolen,goldenenjoyable,comfortable初中英語(yǔ)詞形轉(zhuǎn)換一般情況下，直接加____

以y結(jié)尾的，____________

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，___

以able/ible結(jié)尾的，_____以元音字母加l結(jié)尾的，___________變副詞lyquickly，slowlylucky—happy—extreme—變y為i再加lyfinal—

real—

ly去e加ly加lytrulywhollyluckilyhappilyextremelypossible—capable—capablypossiblyfinallyreally一般情況下，直接加____

以y結(jié)尾的，____________

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，___

以able/ible結(jié)尾的，_____以元音字母加l結(jié)尾的，___________變副詞lyquickly，slowlyluckily，happily，easily，healthilyextremelycapably，possibly，terribly變y為i再加lyfinally，carefully，really，speciallyly去e加ly加lytrulywholly

構(gòu)詞法英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：合成詞(有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞)轉(zhuǎn)化詞(將一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性)派生詞(在詞根上加上前、后綴構(gòu)成另外一個(gè)詞)春風(fēng)又綠江南岸。2.Therainpoureddown.1.Itrainscatsanddogs.考點(diǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞大多意思沒(méi)有多大的變化

有時(shí)意思有一定變化有的與其他單詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)→同一個(gè)動(dòng)作①Let'sgooutforawalk.②Heisamanofstrongbuild.考點(diǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變2.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞很多表示物件、身體部位、某類人的名詞可以用作動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示動(dòng)作①Pleasehandmethebook.②Shenursedherhusbandbacktohealth.考點(diǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變3.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions.

4.副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

Murderwillout.(諺語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)化法

Conversion是指詞性變化，詞形不變5.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞1）表示顏色的形容詞常可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞2）the+形容詞→表示一類人Youshouldbedressedinblackatthefuneral.

Theoldinourvillagearelivingahappylife.考點(diǎn)一常見(jiàn)詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的詞stopvt.

停止—n.車站watchvt.

觀看—n.

手表recordvt.

錄音—n.

紀(jì)錄combvt.

梳理—-n.梳子abusevt.

辱罵—-n.

辱罵minen.礦山—vt.開(kāi)礦barbecuen.燒烤—vt.

在烤架上烤shipn.船—vt.用船裝運(yùn)financen.金融—vt.為……提供資金

stainn.污點(diǎn),污跡—vt.玷污，污染handn.

手—vt.

上交seatn.

座位—vt.

坐nursen.

護(hù)士—vt.

護(hù)理oiln.

油—vt.

上油timen.

時(shí)間—vt.

定時(shí)shouldern.

肩膀—vt.

肩負(fù)draft

n.

草稿—

vt.

起草head

n.

頭—

v.

前進(jìn)考點(diǎn)一常見(jiàn)詞性轉(zhuǎn)化的詞downadv.向下—v.放下nowhereadv.任何地方都不—n.無(wú)處，無(wú)名的地方freezingadj.冰凍的—n.冰點(diǎn)solidadj.固體的,堅(jiān)實(shí)的—n.固體secondnum.第二—n.秒Practice1Lookingback,IcanseethatthoseterribleeventsshapedmeintothepersonIamtoday.2Mymotherairedthesheetswellv.塑造mattern麻煩，問(wèn)題matter=beimportant/count重要猜測(cè)詞義

shapen形狀v.通風(fēng)3.Whatreallymattersisnotwhatyouhavebutwhoyouare.airn.空氣4.

AdictionaryisamustforEnglishlearning.must必須

n.必須做的事

Guessthemeaningsoftheunderlinedwordsandtheirpartofspeech(詞性)1.TaylorSwiftisherfavourite

singer.2.ShelovesalotofsingersbutTaylorSwiftisherfavourite.

n.意為“最喜愛(ài)的東西或人”a.意為“最喜愛(ài)的”3.TouristsmusttryhotpotwhentheyvisitSichuan.4.Hotpotisa

mustforalltouriststotasteinSichuan.n.意為“必須做（買、看）的事”v.意為“必須做”5.Thechildwaslookingatthechocolatecakewithhisgreedyeyes.6.Thechildwaseyeingthechocolatecakegreedily.v.意為“注視”n.意為“眼睛”Prefix前綴Root詞根Suffix后綴Derivation派生法

anewwordunbelievable加前綴：happy—___happy加后綴：develop—develop_______既加前綴又加后綴：employ—____employ_______是通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構(gòu)成構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞unmentunment考點(diǎn)二派生詞（derivation）表示否定的前綴考點(diǎn)二派生詞（derivation）—前綴un-dis-in-immis-non-il-ir-unfair,unhappydisagree,disappear,dislikeinactive,inhuman,indirectimpolite,impossiblemisunderstand,misjudge,misleadnonsmoker，nonstop，nonsenseillegalirreal,irregular常用在n.adj.adv.前常用在adj.后用在b,p,m開(kāi)頭的詞前pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，預(yù)先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast表示向背的前綴考點(diǎn)二派生詞（derivation）—前綴pro-anti-pro-Chineseantiwar,anti-Japanesewar

親，支持阻止，抗表示時(shí)間的前綴pre-fore-post-prewar，pre-school，prevent，previousforetell,forecast,foresee,postwar，postpone（延遲），postgraduate（研究生）預(yù)先；前后pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，預(yù)先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast表示程度、大小的前綴考點(diǎn)二派生詞（derivation）—前綴super-over-mini-

superstar,superman,superpoweroverexcited,overeat,overuseminibus,miniskirt超級(jí)過(guò)多迷你表示位置的前綴inter-之間；相互international,interclass構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞a-asleep,alive,awake,aloneen-構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞endanger，enrich，enlarge，enable前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。Practicein/mis/un/disa-en-inter-re-tele-autoco-anti-multi-構(gòu)成反義詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞使互相再，又，重遠(yuǎn)程的自動(dòng)共同反對(duì)，抵抗多考點(diǎn)二派生詞（derivation）—后綴+ern

+al

+ive

+ic+en+ablewestern,northern,southernprofessional,original,normal,physicalactive,creative,aggressiveenergetic,scientific,realisticwooden,woolen,goldenenjoyable,comfortable考點(diǎn)二派生詞（derivation）—前綴，后綴同時(shí)使用1.Iam,despiteimperfections,areal,positiveperson;2.Settingunrealisticgoalsforourselves.不完美不現(xiàn)實(shí)的Those“l(fā)adies”arebeautiful.shemaleshe+maleGender:MaleorFemale?lady+boyladyboydaydream把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的獨(dú)立的詞結(jié)合在一起構(gòu)成新詞?？键c(diǎn)三合成詞（compounding）class班級(jí)+room房間Guessthemeaningpain-killersleep-walkcolor-blind=classroom教室考點(diǎn)三合成詞（compounding）1.合成代詞2.合成介詞3.合成副詞herselfanythingnobody介詞+名詞介詞十介詞insidewithinthroughoutanyway；everywhere；however；forever4.合成動(dòng)詞名詞+動(dòng)詞形容詞+動(dòng)詞副詞+動(dòng)詞sleepwalkwhitewashoverthrow

考點(diǎn)三合成詞（compounding）5.合成形容詞manmade人造的cold-blooded冷血的newborn新生的過(guò)去分詞或帶ed詞尾的詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的ing或另一詞構(gòu)成English-speaking講英語(yǔ)的good-looking好看的hard-working勤奮的easygoing隨和的考點(diǎn)三合成詞（compounding）6.合成名詞n+nairconditionerbloodpressurecreditcard

adj+n

centralbank

fastfood

v-ing+另一詞

washingmachinedrivinglicense其他方式by-producteditor-in-chief

Brainstormsunsunglassessunlightsunrisesunshinesunburntsunsetsunflowersunbathsuncream…greenhouse?dead-president?Practice猜測(cè)詞義

1laughinghelpstoproducemoreantibody-producingcells.2WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeKate?AInnocentandsingle-minded.3.afine-lookinggentlemaninmilitaryuniformhasbeenstandingacrossthecorner.4.Aself-employedjobber,hewasalwaysbuildingthingsoutofoddsandends.抗體生成

好看的專心致志自由職業(yè)的，個(gè)體經(jīng)營(yíng)的考點(diǎn)四截?cái)喾磫卧~縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭，去尾、截頭去尾等形式。1.截頭telephone-→phoneairplane-→planeinfluenza→flurefrigerator→fridgemathematics→math

examination→examkilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab2.去尾3.截頭去尾考點(diǎn)四截?cái)喾╰elevision+broadcast→telecast電視廣播smoke+fog→smog煙霧motor+hotel→motel

汽車旅館veryimportantperson→VIP大人物WorldHealthOrganization

4.混合法將兩個(gè)詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個(gè)新詞。前半部分表示屬性后半部分表示主體。5.首字母縮略法用單詞首字母組成一個(gè)新詞。讀字母和作為一個(gè)單詞讀音。VeryImportantPersonChiefExecutiveOfficerChinaCentralTelevisionWorldTradeOrganizationVirtualRealityPhotoshopVIPCEOCCTVWTOVRPSPRACTICE否定前綴un-dis-in-im-mis-non-understandpolitesmokeragreefairvisible（）1.Don’tlistentohisnonsense.A.foolishtalkormeaninglesswordsB.beautifulwordsC.clevertalkormeaningfulwords()2.Hemisunderstoodme.A.understoodrightlyB.understoodwronglyC.didn’tunderstand()3.Herenamedtherestaurant“Paradise”.A.calledB.namedafterC.gaveanewnameABC1.Oneyearago,whenFionaturnedfour,SamandIdecidedto

home-schoolherinsteadofsendinghertopre-school.2.Isitdifficultforyoutogetupinthemorning?Doyousometimes

oversleep?3.Readingcanenrichyourlife.4.

Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.5.Nevertrouble

trouble

untiltrouble

troubles

you.6.Everymorningwegetwaterfromthewellandwatertheyoungplantswell.7.Thelessonslastfromonetothree,andthelastlessonisEnglish.8.Imustwork

hardsothatImayfinishthehard

workbyAugust.9.Hewrotethosewordsslowly,“Driveslow(ataslowspeed)!”(一)按要求寫出下列詞匯的變化形式。1.encourage________________(寫出n.) 2personal________(n.)3.European____________(寫出n.) 4.especially____________(寫出adj.)5.imagine__________(現(xiàn)在分詞) 6.polite________(反義詞)7.possible___________(反義詞)___________(n.) 8.natural____________(n.)9.lucky_________(n.)_________(adv.)_________(反義詞)10.excellent______________(比較級(jí))________________(最高級(jí))encouragementpersonEuropeespecialimaginingimpoliteimpossiblepossibilitynatureluckluckilyunluckymore

excellentthemostexcellent1.Whenitcomestoinsectpests,redfireantswouldprobablytopeveryone'slist.2.First,youshouldtakeanactivepartinthediscussionsandfreelyvoiceyouropinion.3.Yes,Iwasblessed;itwasn’tamaterialone,butthekindthatwillwarmmyheartforever.n.頂部→v.超過(guò)n.聲音→v.發(fā)表；說(shuō)話暢所欲言adj.溫暖的→v.使溫暖4.Suddenlyshefelttearsfloodedhereyes.5.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾）thatmirrors

ourfearofthedark.6.Sooneday,justtoseewhatshewoulddo,Igentlyplacedoneontopofthegroundhog’s（土撥鼠）head,Again,notamove.n.鏡子→v.反映n.地方→v.放置v.移動(dòng)→n.舉動(dòng)n.洪水→v.淹沒(méi);泛濫淚水奪眶而出adj.空的→v.變空；倒空

Johnandhisfatherneveragreeononething,sotheyoften

(agree)

witheachother,

fortherewassome