2013年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)

2013年天津外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題試卷(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.詞語(yǔ)翻譯2.英漢互譯詞語(yǔ)翻譯英譯漢1．a(chǎn)ffluenza正確答案：富貴病2．backtranslation正確答案：回譯3．braindrain正確答案：人才流失4．buzzword正確答案：流行詞；潮詞5．communicationstudies正確答案：傳播學(xué)6．culturaldefault正確答案：文化缺失7．DavosForum正確答案：達(dá)沃斯論壇8．dreamteam正確答案：夢(mèng)之隊(duì)；最佳陣容9．Eurozone正確答案：歐元區(qū)10．IMF正確答案：國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(InternationalMonetaryFund)11．NEET正確答案：啃老族(notineducation，employmentortraining)12．netbook正確答案：上網(wǎng)本13．OPEC正確答案：歐佩克(石油輸出國(guó)組織)(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)14．Reuters正確答案：路透社(英國(guó))15．sit-in正確答案：靜坐抗議；靜坐罷工16．Skopostheory正確答案：目的論17．SOHO正確答案：小型家居辦公室(SmallOfficeHomeOffice)18．subtitling正確答案：字幕19．thinktank正確答案：智囊團(tuán)20．Webzine正確答案：網(wǎng)絡(luò)雜志漢譯英21．釣魚島正確答案：DiaoyuIsland22．對(duì)外傳播正確答案：internationalcommunication23．翻譯專業(yè)資格(水平)考試正確答案：CATTI(ChinaAptitudeTestforTranslatorsandInterpreters)24．峰會(huì)正確答案：summit25．公示語(yǔ)正確答案：publicsigns26．宏觀調(diào)控正確答案：macrocontrol27．開放包容正確答案：openandinclusive28．孔子課堂正確答案：ConfuciusClassroom29．綠色增長(zhǎng)正確答案：GreenGrowth30．民心工程正確答案：moraleproject31．十八大正確答案：the18thCPCNationalCongress32．團(tuán)購(gòu)正確答案：grouppurchase33．務(wù)實(shí)合作正確答案：pragmaticcooperation34．協(xié)同創(chuàng)新正確答案：collaborativeinnovation35．月光族正確答案：livefrompaychecktopaycheck36．戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)正確答案：strategicemergingindustries37．政府采購(gòu)正確答案：governmentprocurement38．政客正確答案：politician39．中小企業(yè)正確答案：smallandmedium-sizedenterprises40．中央文獻(xiàn)正確答案：theCentralLiterature英漢互譯英譯漢41．Whatevertheirpoliticalparty,Americanleadershavegenerallysubscribedtooneoftwocompetingeconomicphilosophies.Oneisasmall-governmentJeffersonianperspectivethatabhorsbignessandholdsthatprosperityflowsfromcompetitionamongindependentbusinessmen,farmersandotherproducers.TheotherisaHamiltonianagendathatbelievesalarge,powerfulcountryneedslarge,powerfulorganizations.Themostimportantofthoseorganizationsisthefederalgovernment,whichservesasacrucialpartnertoprivateenterprise,buildingroadsandschools,guaranteeingloansandfinancingscientificresearchinwaysthatindividualbusinesseswouldnot.Today,ofcourse,RepublicansaretheJeffersoniansandDemocratsaretheHamiltonians.Butithasn’talwaysbeenso.TheJeffersonianlineincludesAndrewJackson,theleadersoftheConfederacy,WilliamJenningsBryan,LouisBrandeis,BarryGoldwaterandRonaldReagan.TheHarailtonianlineincludesGeorgeWashington,HenryClay,AbrahamLincoln,WilliamMcKinley,bothRooseveltsandDwightEisenhower.MichaelLind’sLandofPromiseusesthisdividetoofferanambitiouseconomichistoryoftheUnitedStates.Thebookisrichwithdetails,morethanafewofthemsurprising,anditssubjectiscentraltowhatisarguablythesinglemostimportantquestionfacingthecountrytoday:Howcanoureconomygrowmorequickly,moresustainablyandmoreequitablythanithasbeengrowing,bothtomaintaintheUnitedStates’positionastheworld’spre-eminentpowerandtoimprovethelivesofitscitizens?Lind,afounderoftheNewAmericaFoundationinWashingtonandtheauthorofseveralpoliticalhistories,acknowledgesfromthebeginningthathisthesiswillmakesomereadersuncomfortable.“Inthespiritofphilosophicalbipartisanship,itwouldbepleasanttoconcludethateachofthesetraditionsofpoliticaleconomyhasmadeitsownvaluablecontributiontothesuccessoftheAmericaneconomyandthatthevectorcreatedbytheseopposingforceshasbeenmorebeneficialthanthecompletevictoryofeitherwouldhavebeen,”hewrites.”Butthatwouldnotbetrue,”hecontinues.“WhatisgoodabouttheAmericaneconomyislargelytheresultoftheHamiltoniandevelopmentaltradition,andwhatisbadaboutitislargelytheresultoftheJeffersonianproduceristschool.正確答案：美國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人無(wú)論屬于何種政治黨派，一般只會(huì)追隨兩種相互對(duì)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)派。一種是主張小政府的杰弗遜流派，該派痛恨大規(guī)模，認(rèn)為繁榮來(lái)自獨(dú)立的商人、農(nóng)民與其他生產(chǎn)者之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。另一種是漢密爾頓流派，該派堅(jiān)信一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家需要強(qiáng)大的組織機(jī)構(gòu)。機(jī)構(gòu)中最為重要的是聯(lián)邦政府，是私營(yíng)企業(yè)至關(guān)重要的合作伙伴，修建公路與學(xué)校、提供貸款，資助科研，所采取的方式個(gè)體企業(yè)難以企及。當(dāng)然，到了今天，共和黨人就是杰弗遜派，民主黨人則是漢密爾頓派。但也并非總是如此。屬于杰弗遜流派的就有安德魯.杰克遜、南部邦聯(lián)各領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、威廉.詹寧斯.布賴恩、路易斯.布蘭代斯、巴里.戈德華特與里根。屬于漢密爾頓流派的也有喬治.華盛頓、亨利.克萊、亞伯拉罕.林肯、威廉.麥金利，老、小羅斯福(西奧多.羅斯福、富蘭克林.羅斯福)與德懷特.艾森豪威爾。邁克爾.林德的《希望的樂(lè)土》以此為分界線，寫出了一部宏闊的美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)史。該書史料豐富，其中不少令人感到驚喜，其主題則對(duì)美國(guó)今日面對(duì)的唯一至關(guān)重要的問(wèn)題影響重大：我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)怎樣才能更快、更持續(xù)、更公平地發(fā)展，從而保持美國(guó)作為世界強(qiáng)國(guó)的地位并改善本國(guó)國(guó)民的生活?林德是華盛頓新美基金會(huì)的創(chuàng)始人，著有多部政治史書籍，在本書一開始他便坦承，自己的論點(diǎn)會(huì)讓一些讀者不太舒服?！氨局軐W(xué)辯證的精神，這些政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)流派對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)所取得的成就都做出了有價(jià)值的貢獻(xiàn)，相互對(duì)立的作用力所產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力比任何一方的完勝更為有利，做出如此結(jié)論自然皆大歡喜?！彼跁袑懙馈！暗鋵?shí)不是這樣，”他接著寫道?！懊绹?guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，主要緣于漢密爾頓一派的發(fā)展觀,而其缺點(diǎn)則大多源自杰弗遜一派的生產(chǎn)觀?！睗h譯英42．糧食安全始終是人類生存發(fā)展面臨的首要問(wèn)題，“人人糧食安全”是基本人權(quán)。世界糧食安全面臨越來(lái)越多的非傳統(tǒng)挑戰(zhàn)和日趨復(fù)雜的形勢(shì)。世界糧食安全的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。利用糧食等生產(chǎn)生物燃料對(duì)糧食安全的影響不容忽視，氣候變化對(duì)糧食安全也帶來(lái)長(zhǎng)期挑戰(zhàn)。中國(guó)高度重視農(nóng)業(yè)和糧食問(wèn)題，堅(jiān)持立足國(guó)內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)糧食基本自給的方針，通過(guò)加大資金投人、加強(qiáng)農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、加快農(nóng)業(yè)科技進(jìn)步等政策和措施，穩(wěn)定提高糧食和農(nóng)業(yè)綜合生產(chǎn)能力。中國(guó)用占不到世界9％的耕地，解決了世界近21％人口的吃飯問(wèn)題，提前實(shí)現(xiàn)了聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)(MDG)減貧目標(biāo)。中國(guó)政府在解決自身糧食安全問(wèn)題的同時(shí)，還在南南合作框架內(nèi)向有關(guān)發(fā)展中國(guó)家提供了力所能及的農(nóng)業(yè)援助，包括建設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)示范中心、提供農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)援助、提供緊急人道主義糧食援助等，為這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家提高糧食安全水平做出了自己的貢獻(xiàn)。正確答案：Asakindofbasichumanright,foodsecurityisanissueofparamountimportanceformankind’ssurvivalanddevelopment.Foodsecurityintheworldisincreasinglyaffectedbynon-traditionalchallengesandthesituationisevermorecomplex.Developingcountriesaretheweaklinkforensuringworldfoodsecurity.Theimpactoffood-basedbiofuelproductiononfoodsecurityisnottobeoverlooked,andclimatechangeisalsoposingalong-termchallengetofoodsecurity.Chinatakesagricultureandfoodsecurityveryseriously.Wehavefollowedthepolicyofbasicallyrelyingondomesticsupplytorealizeself-sufficiency.Wehavesteadilyraisedgrainandagriculturalproductivitywiththeimplementationofsuchpoliciesandmeasuresassteppingupfinancialinvestment,strengtheningirrigationandwaterconservancyprojectsandacceleratingthedevelopmentofagriculturalscienceandtechnology.Chinaha