英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)教案：UnitEnvironmentl

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精●eq\b\lc\\rc\|（\a\vs4\al\co1（\o（\s\up7(第一部分)，\s\do5（教材復(fù)習(xí)）)））選修8●［話題素材]好詞1．beautyv。美化2。destroyv。破壞3．wasten.廢棄物；vt.浪費(fèi)4。harmonyn.和諧5．environmentn.環(huán)境6。influencen。影響7．befacedwith面臨8.dieout滅絕9．throwaway丟棄10.forlackof因缺乏11．inharmonywithnature與自然和諧相處12．resultin導(dǎo)致佳句1．Waterresourceshavebecomesobadlypollutedthatsomeofthewateris_unfit_to_drink。水資源受到了嚴(yán)重污染,一些水不適宜飲用.2．It's__important_to_recycle_thethingsthatcanberecyclable?；厥绽每稍傺h(huán)的東西是很重要的。［精美語(yǔ)篇]Nowadays,withthenumberofcarsincreasingfastinourcity，ourenvironmentisgettingincreasinglyworse。Oneofthereasonsisthattherearemorecarsthaneverbefore.Althoughdrivingcarsreallymakesourlifeeasier，ithasabadeffectonourenvironmentbygivingoffwastegas.Attimes，theairgetssobadlypollutedthatpeoplehavetoputonmasks。Inaddition,trafficjamsarecausedmainlybecauseoftoomanycarsontheroads。Ifpeoplechoosetoridebicyclesinsteadofdrivingcars，ourlifewillbecomebetter.高頻單詞1．trap（vt.）使困住2．beyond(prep.）超出3．relevant（adj.)相關(guān)的→relevance（n。）相關(guān)(性)4．a(chǎn)griculture(n。）農(nóng)業(yè)→agricultural（adj.)農(nóng)業(yè)的5．coincidence（n。)巧合→coincident(adj.）同時(shí)發(fā)生的6．reserve（n.）保護(hù)區(qū)(vt.）保留；預(yù)訂→reserved(adj.)預(yù)定的，保留的→reservation(n。)預(yù)訂；保留7．a(chǎn)dvocate（vt。)主張，提倡→advocacy(n。）擁護(hù)，提倡8．substitute(n.）代替品，代用品9．threaten(vt.）威脅→threat（n.)威脅10．separation(n。)分離，分開(kāi)→separate(vt。)分離；分開(kāi)（adj.）不同的;各自的11．means(n.）方法→means(pl。）12．construct(vt.）建造→construction（n.)建造13．a(chǎn)dopt(vt。）采用，收養(yǎng)→adoption(n。)收養(yǎng);采用14．considerate(adj.）想得周到的，體貼的→consider（v.)考慮→consideration(n。）考慮；體貼15．finance（n。)資金→financial(adj。)財(cái)政的，金融的16．a(chǎn)llocate（vt.）分配，配給→allocation(n.)分配；配給17．politics(n。)政治（活動(dòng)）→political(adj.）政治的→politician（n.)政治家18．sharpen(vt。&vi。）削尖→sharp(adj。）尖的;銳利的重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．beyond_one’s_control超出……的控制，不受……的控制2．look_ahead展望未來(lái)3．refer_to指的是；參考,查閱4．in_turn依次5．take_action采取行動(dòng)6．a(chǎn)head_of在……的前面7．lead_to引起，導(dǎo)致8．a(chǎn)part_from除……之外9．a(chǎn)nswer_for（對(duì)已產(chǎn)生的不良后果）負(fù)責(zé)任10．call_for_an_end_to_sth.要求結(jié)束11．or_else否則，不然12．onone’sbehalf代表13．forgood永遠(yuǎn)14．carryoff掠去，奪走15．a(chǎn)llinall總的來(lái)說(shuō)16．earnone'sliving謀生17．plugone'sears塞住耳朵18．a(chǎn)llthebest祝一切順利19．sumup總結(jié)，概括20．a(chǎn)samatteroffact實(shí)際上熱點(diǎn)句型1．lookingahead為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)Looking_ahead，_scientistsbelievethatglobalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury。(教材P6)展望未來(lái)，科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為全球變暖是21世紀(jì)所面臨的最大的問(wèn)題之一。2．leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases,thesun'srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleaving_the_Earth_cold_and_impossible_to_live_on.（教材P6）如果沒(méi)有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體,太陽(yáng)的能量將會(huì)被反射回太空去,地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲?而不適合生命的存在。3．given用作介詞，表示“鑒于，考慮到，倘若"Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence。(教材P6)鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅只是巧合而已。4．madebyeveryoneworldwide為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)Ifweaddupallthesesmallchangesmade_by_everyone_worldwide,_theywon’tbesuchsmallchanges。（教材P6）如果我們把全世界每個(gè)人所創(chuàng)造的小改變疊加起來(lái)，那將不再是小變化.5．英語(yǔ)中的擬人手法The_last_few_years_have_seenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome。(教材P10）過(guò)去的幾年經(jīng)歷了大規(guī)模的自然災(zāi)害，專家預(yù)測(cè)以后將會(huì)更糟。教材復(fù)現(xiàn)在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．Theyclaimthatinthelast50years,gases________(pump）intotheEarth'satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicleshave________speedinguptheprocessofglobalwarmingandaffectingourclimate。答案:pumped;been2．Butwhatexactlyisglobalwarming，whyisit________(see)asadanger,andhowisitrelevant________ourlives?答案：seen；to3．Whenthepresenceofthesegasesintheatmosphereincreases，________，moreheatis________(trap）andtheEarth’stemperaturerises。答案：however；trapped4．Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehasrisen________morethan30％inthelast250yearswithhalfofthisincrease________(occur）since1960。答案:by;occurring5．Recentreports________（warn)thatglobalwarmingwillcauseterribleclimatechangesincludingmorefrequentflooding，heatwavesanddroughts.答案:warned6．Governmentsallovertheworldhavea________(responsible）toreducetheamountofcarbondioxide________theircountriesareproducing.答案：responsibility;which7．Thiscatastropheisstillveryfreshinthemindsofpeopleworldwide________havenotyetgotovertheirseparationfromlovedones________（lose)inthetsunami.答案：who；lost8．Thesehomes，seldommadeofbricks，can________（easy)falldowninearthquakesorslipandslidedownhillinlandslides，especiallyin________(mountain)areas.答案：easily;mountainous9．Volcanoesandearthquakesareevenmoredangerous________inthepastasaroundhalftheworlDspopulationnowlivesincities。答案：than10．Anevengreaternumberofpeopleliveatrisk,tosomedegree,fromearthquakeswhichhaveclaimedmorethan1。6million________（life)inthelasthundredyears.答案：lives1eq\a\vs4\al（trapvt.使困住；誘捕；誘騙；使陷入困境n.陷阱；圈套；困境，計(jì)策)Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect，theEarthiswarmedbygasestrappedintheatmosphere。(P5)因?yàn)闇厥倚?yīng)，困在大氣層中的氣體使得地球氣溫上升。(1）trapsb.into（doing）sth.使某人陷入（做）某事的圈套be/feeltrapped陷入困境be/gettrappedin被困在……中(2)fall_intothetrapofdoingsth.落入……的圈套getout_ofatrap擺脫圈套set/lay/placeatrapfor為……設(shè)圈套①[2015·湖北高考］Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.事實(shí)上小馬駒被困在兩塊巖石之間。②［譯林⑦－4］Having_been_trapped_intraffic，hewaslateforwork.因?yàn)榻煌ǘ氯?，他上班遲到了。③[朗文詞典］Upto25peoplemaybe_trapped_intheburningbuilding?？赡芏噙_(dá)二十五個(gè)人被困在失火的大樓里。④［牛津詞典]Youfellrightintomytrap。你恰恰中了我的計(jì)。⑤[2013·北京高考］Gracelosthertailasababywhenshegotcaughtupinafishtrap.Grace在小時(shí)候被困在魚(yú)網(wǎng)中,丟失了它的尾巴。2eq\a\vs4\al（reserven.保護(hù)區(qū)；儲(chǔ)藏，儲(chǔ)備;后備軍vt.保留，儲(chǔ)備；預(yù)訂；保持)Breweriesareoftenbuiltinnaturereserves.(P5)啤酒廠經(jīng)常建在自然保護(hù)區(qū)里面.(1）reservesth。forsb。為某人保留某物reserve（one’s)judgement（onsb。/sth。）暫不表態(tài)（2)inreserve貯存；備用(3)reservationn.保留;預(yù)定（房間，座位等）；居留地;保留地withoutreservation毫無(wú)保留地havereservationsabout對(duì)……持保留意見(jiàn)makeareservation預(yù)定（房間,座位等)①[2015·浙江高考］Theymade_reservationsatrestaurantswherethecostofabottleofwineequaledacollegeyear’smonthlyrent。他們預(yù)定座位的飯店飯菜昂貴，一瓶酒的價(jià)格等同于大學(xué)里一個(gè)月的房租。②［2013·廣東高考]Thepowerofimaginationneednotbe_reservedforchildrenonly.想象的力量不必僅僅為兒童保留。③Shesatatthetablereservedforcustomers.她坐在為客人預(yù)定的桌子旁。④Thiscoastalareawasnamedanationalwildlifereservelastyear.這一沿海地區(qū)去年被命名為國(guó)家野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū).3beyondprep.超出(能力,范圍等)；在……之外,在更遠(yuǎn)處;遲于……Inthelastfewdecades，scientistshavereachedconsensusandreportedthathumanbeingsarecausingchangesintheEarth'sclimate－somethingpreviouslyseenasbeyondourcontrol.(P6)在過(guò)去的幾十年里，科學(xué)家一致認(rèn)為，人類正在造成地球氣候的變化—-這是一種原來(lái)被認(rèn)為是超出我們控制能力的現(xiàn)象.（1）bebeyondsb.對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)，難以想象、理解或估計(jì)（2)beyondone'scontrol超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制beyondone'sreach夠不著，超出……之外beyondone’spower/ability超出某人的能力beyondwords/description無(wú)法形容，難以言表beyondquestion/doubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)beyondbelief難以置信beyondcompare無(wú)與倫比It’sbeyondmewhy/what..。我無(wú)法理解為什么/什么……①[2014·課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ］ThenumberofcitiesproducingCObeyond_the_standardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.排放一氧化碳超標(biāo)的城市數(shù)量已經(jīng)從40座減少到9座了。②Anydriverfounddrinkingbeyondthelimitwillbecharged.任何司機(jī)如被發(fā)現(xiàn)飲酒超限都會(huì)被指控。③［牛津詞典]It’s_beyond_mewhyshewantstomarryGeoff.我不能理解她為何要和杰弗結(jié)婚.4eq\a\vs4\al(relevantadj。有關(guān)的;切題的）。..andhowisitrelevanttoourlives？（P6)……并且它是如何與我們的生活有關(guān)的?(1）berelevantto和……有關(guān)(2）arelevantsuggestion/question/point相關(guān)的提議/問(wèn)題/觀點(diǎn)（3)表示“與……相關(guān)”的短語(yǔ)beinvolvedinbeassociatedwithbeconcernedwithberelatedto..。①[朗文詞典］Thequestionisnotrelevant_tomypoint.這個(gè)問(wèn)題和我的觀點(diǎn)不相干.②［牛津詞典]Colourandsexarehardlyrelevantwhenappointingsomebodytoajob。膚色和性別對(duì)于任命某人擔(dān)任某職來(lái)說(shuō)是沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系的。③[朗文詞典]Wetoldthepoliceallthe_relevant_facts。我們把所有相關(guān)事實(shí)都告訴了警方.5eq\a\vs4\al（advocatevt。主張，提倡n.提倡者，擁護(hù)者）Expertsadvocatethateachpersonplaytheirpart。(P6)專家們主張每一個(gè)人都要發(fā)揮自己的作用.（1)advocatedoingsth.提倡/主張做某事advocatethat.。.(should）_do...主張……做……(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略)(2）anadvocateof/forsth。支持某事的人,……的倡導(dǎo)者/擁護(hù)者①[2013·上海高考]Thosewhoadvocateglobalizationclaimthateconomiesindevelopingcountriesbenefitfromnewopportunitiesforsmallandhome。basedbusiness。提倡全球化的人宣稱,發(fā)展中國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)從家庭式小作坊的新機(jī)遇中受益。②［牛津詞典]Doyouadvocate_banningcarsinthecitycenter？你支持禁止汽車在市中心通行這一主張嗎？③[朗文詞典]Theleaderadvocatesthateachmemberplaytheirpart。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)主張每個(gè)成員都發(fā)揮各自的作用。④[朗文詞典］Shelaterbecameanadvocate_forprisoners'rights.她后來(lái)成了犯人權(quán)利的倡導(dǎo)者。6substituten．代替品，代用品vt.&vi.（用……)替代；取代Afterall，there’snosubstituteforourEarth.(P6）畢竟，地球是不可取代的。(1)asubstituteforsb。/sth。某人/物的代替品(2）substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA用A代替Bsubstitutefor代替①[2014·湖北高考]Duringtheweeksthatfollowed，welearnedtosurviveinourtruckandlivedonthelittlemoneymywifeearnedbysubstituteteaching。在接下來(lái)的幾周里，我們學(xué)會(huì)了在我們的卡車?yán)锖涂课移拮哟n掙得的錢生活。②[牛津詞典]Honeycansubstitute_forsugarinthisrecipe.在這個(gè)食譜中可用蜂蜜代替食糖。③［朗文詞典]Youcansubstitutemargarineforbutterinthisrecipe.在這個(gè)食譜中你可以用人造黃油代替黃油.④［朗文詞典］Thereisno_substitute_foragooddiet.什么東西也代替不了好的飲食.7eq\a\vs4\al（threatenvt.威脅，恐嚇）Matchthesentenceswithappropriatereportingverbsfrom.。。admit，report,...threaten(P7)把句子和合適的動(dòng)詞搭配……承認(rèn)，報(bào)道……威脅(1）threatensb。withsth.用某事威脅某人threatento_dosth.威脅要做某事；似乎要發(fā)生（2)threatn.威脅，恐嚇athreattosb./sth。對(duì)某人或某事的威脅①Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyou,youmightshout。如果陌生人闖入你的領(lǐng)地并威脅到你，你可以大喊。②［牛津詞典］Myattackerthreatenedmewithagun.攻擊我的人用槍威脅我。③［朗文詞典］Sandrathreatened_to_runawayfromhome。桑德拉威脅說(shuō)要離家出走。④[朗文詞典］Hemadeathreatagainstmyfamily。他恐嚇我的家人。8eq\a\vs4\al（meansn。方法;手段）Thetelephoneisameansofcommunication.（P11)電話是一種交流工具。ameansofdoingsth.做某事的方法bymeansof通過(guò)；用；借助于byallmeans表示同意當(dāng)然可以，沒(méi)問(wèn)題;務(wù)必；無(wú)論如何；千方百計(jì)地bynomeans絕不,一點(diǎn)也不在句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝bythis/thatmeans用這種/那種方法①［朗文詞典]Mybicycleismymainmeans_oftransportation.自行車是我主要的交通工具.②[牛津詞典]Thereisno_means_offindingoutwhathappened。無(wú)法搞清楚發(fā)生了什么事情。③[牛津詞典］—CanIseeit？—By_all_means?！?我可以看看嗎?-—當(dāng)然可以?、躘朗文詞典］Theoilistransportedby_means_ofapipeline.石油用輸油管道輸送。⑤［朗文詞典]Theresultsareby_no_meanscertain.＝Bynomeansare_the_resultscertain.這些結(jié)果絕不是確定無(wú)疑的.－特別提示－（1）means“方法、方式、手段"，其單復(fù)數(shù)同形，當(dāng)means作主語(yǔ)且有every，each等表示單數(shù)意義的詞修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；有some,several,many，few等表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。（2）bynomeans放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。⑥[牛津詞典]Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.＝Everypossiblemeanshasbeentried.一切辦法都試過(guò)了。易混辨析單詞搭配含義way前面用in，后接todo或ofdoing普通用詞，可指一般的方法methodwiththemethodof有條理、系統(tǒng)的方法meansbymeansof手段或途徑manner前面用in方式、方法（只用單數(shù)）approachtheapproachto指從事某事的特別方法、途徑[一言辨異］Wehavefoundanewapproachtothisproblemandcanworkouttheproblembythismeans/inthisway/withthismethod.我們找到了一種新的解決問(wèn)題的方法，并且可以用這種方式解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。⑦用way/method/means/manner/approach的適當(dāng)形式填空a．Thisisatwo.yearcoursetaughtby________oflectures。b．[朗文詞典]I'dliketotellherinmyown________。c．[朗文詞典］Weneedanew________totheproblemofstreetcrime.d．[朗文詞典］Ryanhasafunny________oftalking。e．［朗文詞典］Theissueshouldberesolvedina________fairtobothparties。f．［牛津詞典]Ithinkweshouldtryagainwithadifferent________。答案：a。meansb．wayc．a(chǎn)pproachd．waye．mannerf．method9eq\a\vs4\al（adoptvt。采用;采納；收養(yǎng)；接受;批準(zhǔn)）TheChinesegovernmenthasadoptedseveralnoisecontrolplans..。(P12）中國(guó)政府已采用了好幾項(xiàng)噪音控制計(jì)劃……(1)adoptanidea采納意見(jiàn)adopta(n)approach/policy/attitude采取一種方法/政策/態(tài)度（2）adoptionn.采納,采用；收養(yǎng)adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的;被采用的adoptiveadj。收養(yǎng)的①［2014·北京高考］Shehadjustbeen_adoptedbyafamilyintownwhodecidedthatthebestwayforhertolearnAmericanwaysoflifewastobewithAmericankids.她剛被鎮(zhèn)里的一戶人家收養(yǎng)，他們認(rèn)為讓她了解美國(guó)人的生活方式最好方法就是讓她和美國(guó)孩子們?cè)谝黄?②[朗文詞典］Thecityhas_adoptedanewapproachtofightingcrime。該市采取了一種新辦法來(lái)打擊犯罪.③[牛津詞典］Heistheiradoptedson.他是他們的養(yǎng)子。易混辨析adopt采納，采用,收養(yǎng)adapt適應(yīng),改編，改寫(xiě)［一言辨異］Theyoungcouplehadnochildrenoftheirownandadoptedanorphan。Afterafewmonths,thechildcametoadapttohisnewlife。這對(duì)年輕夫婦沒(méi)有自己的孩子，收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)孤兒.幾個(gè)月之后，孩子逐漸適應(yīng)了他的新生活。④用adapt/adopt的適當(dāng)形式填空a．Thisnewfilmissaidtobe________fromanovelbyJimAusten.b．Wewill________theirsuggestionsinmass。c．Threeofhisnovelshavebeen________fortelevision.答案：a.adapted B．a(chǎn)doptC．a(chǎn)dapted10eq\a\vs4\al(considerateadj.體貼的；想得周到的）Wecanallhelpbybeingmoreconsiderateandthinkingofourneighbours.(P12)我們都可以通過(guò)更體貼的和多想想我們的鄰居來(lái)提供幫助。(1）Itisconsiderateofsb.todosth。某人做某事是周到的beconsiderateof體諒;替……著想（2)considervt。思考，考慮；認(rèn)為consider（doing)_sth.考慮(做)某事considersb.to_be/as.。.認(rèn)為某人是……considersb.to_have_donesth.認(rèn)為某人做過(guò)某事(3)considerationn?？紤]；思考takesth.intoconsideration考慮到；顧及(4）consideringprep。考慮到；鑒于considerableadj.大量的；值得考慮的①［2013·重慶高考］Howconsideratethedentistwas!這個(gè)牙醫(yī)是多么周到?。、冢叟＝蛟~典]Itwas_considerate_ofyounottoplaythepianowhileIwasasleep.在我睡覺(jué)時(shí),你不彈鋼琴,真是體貼入微。③[朗文詞典］Iconsidered_resigning.我考慮過(guò)辭職。④［朗文詞典]MrsGreenwoodwas_considered_to_beanexcellentteacher.格林伍德夫人被認(rèn)為是一位優(yōu)秀的教師.⑤[牛津詞典]Ialwaystakefuelconsumptioninto_considerationwhenbuyingacar。我買車時(shí)總要把燃油消耗量考慮在內(nèi)。過(guò)關(guān)演練在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1．［朗文詞典]I’dliketo________atablefor8：00attherestaurant。答案：reservereserve“預(yù)訂”。句意：我想要在這個(gè)餐廳預(yù)定一個(gè)8：00的餐位。2．［朗文詞典]Shewastrapped________anunhappymarriage。答案：inbetrappedin“被困在……中"。3．It’squite________mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.答案：beyondbebeyondsb.“難以想象”.4．Manyexpertsadvocate_________（reward）yourchildforgoodbehavior。答案：rewardingadvocatedoingsth?！疤岢?主張做某事”。5．Theessayisn'tevenremotelyrelevant________thetopic.答案：toberelevantto。.?！芭c……有關(guān)”。6．［牛津詞典］Thistypeofvinylisagoodpoorsubstitute________leather。答案:forasubstitutefor。。?！啊拇嫫贰薄?．IhavetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish。Butby________meansistheteachersatisfiedwithmyprogress。答案：nobynomeans“絕不，一點(diǎn)兒也不”，在句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝.8．Paul'smotherhadhim________（adopt)becauseshecouldn’tlookafterhimherself。答案:adoptedhavesth.done“讓別人做/讓賓語(yǔ)被……"。句意：保羅的媽媽因自己無(wú)力撫養(yǎng)他，便將他送給別人收養(yǎng)了.9．［2015·陜西高考］Itisnecessaryforustothinkofothersandbe________(consider）tothem.答案：considerate此處為形容詞作表語(yǔ)。10．David________(threaten）toreporthisneighbourtothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid。答案：threatened由從句中的were可知此句為過(guò)去式,故用threatened.1eq\a\vs4\al(leadto引起；導(dǎo)致;通向)GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth’stemperaturethat，inturn,leadstoclimatechange。(P6)全球變暖指地球溫度上升,這反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣候變化。leadsb.to.。。帶領(lǐng)(某人)通往……,引導(dǎo)某人去……leadsb。to_do_sth。使得某人做某事leadthe_way領(lǐng)路leadsb。bythenose牽著某人的鼻子走leada．。。life過(guò)著……的生活①［2013·安徽高考］Youmaywonderhowpaving(鋪砌）aroadcanlead_tolessuseablefreshwater。你可能想知道鋪路是如何導(dǎo)致可使用的淡水更少.②［朗文詞典]Theseconddoorleads_totheprincipal’soffice。第二道門通向校長(zhǎng)辦公室。③[牛津詞典］Whatledyoutothisconclusion？你是怎樣得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的？④[牛津詞典]Herconstantlyingledmeto_distrusteverythingshesaid。她總?cè)鲋e，我完全不相信她的話了。2eq\a\vs4\al(inturn依次；輪流；轉(zhuǎn)而；反過(guò)來(lái);相應(yīng)地）GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,inturn,leadstoclimatechange.（P6)全球變暖指地球溫度上升，這反過(guò)來(lái)會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣候變化。eq\a\vs4\al(turndown拒絕,turnout結(jié)果是；證明是，turnto轉(zhuǎn)身；求助于……；翻到……,byturns輪流地；逐個(gè)地,taketurnstodo.。。/doing...輪流做……，inreturn作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)；作為回應(yīng))

①［2014·江蘇高考]Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey，in_turn，_werewinningcontests?，F(xiàn)在其他學(xué)生都來(lái)向他請(qǐng)教,并且個(gè)個(gè)都贏得了比賽。②[牛津詞典]Thegirlscalledouttheirnamesin_turn。女孩們逐一報(bào)出自己的名字。③[北師大③－8]Thecustomerpraisedthemanager，whoin_turnpraisedhisstaff.顧客表?yè)P(yáng)了經(jīng)理，經(jīng)理轉(zhuǎn)而表?yè)P(yáng)了員工。④[朗文詞典]Hespoketoeachofthestudentsin_turn.他依次與每個(gè)學(xué)生談話。⑤［牛津詞典]Wedidtheworkby_turns.我們是輪流做這項(xiàng)工作的。⑥Wetake_turns_to_dothehousework。我們輪流做家務(wù)。3eq\a\vs4\al(apartfrom＝asidefrom除……以外)Apartfromthefewfoundinzoos，pandasliveonlyinthecentralbambooforestsofmainlandChina.(P8）除了少數(shù)幾只大熊貓?jiān)趧?dòng)物園里可以看到，它們只生活在中國(guó)內(nèi)地的中心竹園里。易混辨析except意為“除……之外（沒(méi)有）"，常用于排除同類事物(除去整體中的一部分），并用于表示絕對(duì)肯定或絕對(duì)否定的詞之后，如no，none，nothing,all,any,everyone,everything.其后可接名詞、代詞、介詞短語(yǔ)；除此之外，還可接that或wh-引導(dǎo)的從句besides意為“除……之外(還有）”，包括排除的事物；另外還可用作副詞exceptfor常用于對(duì)整體進(jìn)行肯定，對(duì)局部細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行否定apartfrom兼有except,besides與exceptfor的意義①［2014·重慶高考］Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephant'sstomach,theforestwassilent。除了大象的胃發(fā)出的偶爾的聲音外，森林是安靜的.②［朗文詞典］Weareopeneverydayexcept/apart_fromMonday.除了星期一我們每天都營(yíng)業(yè)。③[譯林］Besides/Apart_fromtheworksofDaVinci，theLouvreMuseumhasmorethan6，000otherEuropeanpaintings.除了達(dá)芬奇的作品，盧浮宮還擁有6000多幅其他歐洲繪畫(huà)作品。④[2013·山東高考］Theroomisemptyexcept_for/apart_fromabookshelfstandinginonecorner.除了角落里立著一個(gè)書(shū)架外,房間內(nèi)空蕩蕩的。4eq\a\vs4\al(allinall總的來(lái)說(shuō)）Well，allinall，ifwehelpprotecttheseanimalsandspreadthenewsaboutconservation。。.(P9）嗯，總的來(lái)說(shuō),如果我們幫助保護(hù)這些動(dòng)物,并且傳播有關(guān)動(dòng)物保護(hù)的信息……（1）atall(常用于否定句和條件從句中以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣)根本；無(wú)論如何;一點(diǎn)兒afterall畢竟;終究inall總共first_ofall首先，第一aboveall首先,最重要的是(2）表示“總的說(shuō)來(lái)”的詞組及其相近詞組還有：onthewhole，ingeneral,inshort,inaword,asawhole，onbalance①All_in_all,_thisisagoodfilm.總的來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一部很好的電影.②[朗文詞典］All_in_all,_hermotherandIareveryhappywithherprogress。總而言之，我和她媽媽看到她的進(jìn)步很高興。③［朗文詞典］In_all,_therewere28peoplethere.那里總共有二十八人。④Ididn’tlikehimat_all.我根本不喜歡他。⑤[牛津詞典]Don’tshoutathim－h(huán)eisonlyababyafter_all。不要沖他大聲嚷嚷,他畢竟只是個(gè)小孩子。⑥［朗文詞典］Aboveall,Iwouldliketothankmyparents。最重要的是,我要感謝我的父母.⑦[牛津詞典]Idon’tthinkHelenshouldgo－first_ofall,sheistooyoung.我認(rèn)為海倫不應(yīng)該去,首先，她太年輕了。過(guò)關(guān)演練選詞填空eq\x（inturn;leadto;allinall;apartfrom)1．[2015·陜西高考]Studiesshowthatthelossofoxygen-givingtreesalso________airpollutionandglobalwarming.答案：leadsto2．Peopletrytoavoidpublictransportationdelaysbyusingtheirowncars,and________，thiscreatesfurtherproblems。答案：inturn3.________goodservice,therestaurantoffersdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujiandishes.答案：Apartfrom4．[牛津詞典]________，ithadbeenagreatsuccess.答案：Allinall1Withoutthesenaturallyoccurringgases，thesun’srayswouldbouncebackintospaceleavingtheEarthcoldandimpossibletoliveon。P6如果沒(méi)有這些自然產(chǎn)生的氣體，太陽(yáng)的能量將會(huì)被反射回太空去,地球?qū)⑻幱诤渲?，而不適合生命的存在。leavingtheearthcoldandimpossibletoliveon為leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。譯作“使……處于……".leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：leave＋n./pron。＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\（\a\vs4\al\co1(n./adj./adv.，doing/done/todo，介詞短語(yǔ)））①［人教⑥－3］Runningamarathonwillleaveyoubreathless.跑一場(chǎng)馬拉松會(huì)讓你上氣不接下氣.②Weshouldnotleavethetapwaterrunningorwasteanymaterialsinthelaboratoryclass。在實(shí)驗(yàn)課上,我們不應(yīng)該忘記關(guān)水龍頭或者浪費(fèi)材料。③IleftthedoorunlockedwhenIwentout。我出去時(shí)沒(méi)鎖門.④[朗文詞典］Wearegoingtoleavethecarat_the_airport。我們打算把車停放在機(jī)場(chǎng)。2Giventhisdata,itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.P6鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，好像人類活動(dòng)與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅只是巧合而已。eq\x（本句中的given為介詞，意為“考慮到，鑒于"，表示原因。)(1)given還可表示假設(shè)“倘若,假定”。（2）表示“考慮到……”時(shí)，given后還可接that從句.（3）引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法相似的表達(dá)還有:considering_(that)．。.鑒于，考慮到provided/providing（that)．..假定seeing(that）．。。既然，鑒于suppose/supposing(that）．。.假如，如果assume/assuming（that)．.。假設(shè)，如果①[朗文詞典］Giventhenumberofpeopleweinvited，I’msurprisedthatsofewcame。考慮到我們的邀請(qǐng)人數(shù),來(lái)的人這么少真讓我吃驚。②［牛津詞典]Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,I'msureteachingisarightcareerforher。考慮到她喜歡孩子,我可以肯定,教書(shū)是最適合她的職業(yè)。③Supposing（that)itrains,canweplaythematchindoors？要是下雨的話，我們能在室內(nèi)比賽嗎?④Seein