Unit 5【速記清單】-2023-2024學(xué)年八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)單元速記•巧練（牛津上海版）（解析版）

第頁(yè)Unit5EncyclopaediasEncyclopaedias話題百科全書(shū)詞匯thoughcreateexistevenharmfulharmlessnobodywhilecausebelieve短語(yǔ)句型bemade由……所制成（看得出原材料）bemadeupof由……組成bemadefrom由……所制成（看不出原材料）bemadeby由……制造bemadein(aplace,acountry,acity,etc.)某地制造語(yǔ)法可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞考點(diǎn)1.existv.存在，生存【例題】e.g.TheRomanEmpireexistedforseveralcenturies.羅馬帝國(guó)存在了好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)。Theoldladyexistsonlyoncoffeeandbread.老太太僅靠咖啡面包生活?！就卣埂俊境Ｓ么钆洹縠xistas作為……而存在，以……形態(tài)存在existin存在于……中existon靠……生活；靠……生存【知識(shí)拓展】existencen.存在，實(shí)在e.g.Whendidthisworldcomeintoexistence?這世界是何時(shí)形成的？考點(diǎn)2.gentleadj.溫和的，文雅的【例題】e.g.Hewasagentle,patientmanwholovedplayingwithhisgrandchildren.他這個(gè)人既隨和又有耐心，喜歡跟孫子孫女一起玩。【拓展】【知識(shí)拓展】gentlenessn.溫順，親切，柔和gentlyadv.輕輕地，逐漸地考點(diǎn)3.harmfuladj.有害的【反義】harmlessadj.無(wú)害的【例句】e.g.Thenewdrughasnoharmfulside-effects.這種新藥物沒(méi)有副作用。e.g.Theirdogseemsfierce,buthe'sharmless.他們家的那條狗看上去很兇，但不會(huì)傷人?！就卣埂俊居亚樘崾尽肯駂armful與harmless這樣的形容詞還有：useful-useless,helpful-helpless,careful-careless等?？键c(diǎn)4.fierceadj.兇猛的【例句】e.g.Thetigerisafierceanimal.老虎是一種很兇殘的動(dòng)物。Thefamousboxerkilledafiercewolfwithhisbarehands.那位著名的拳擊師赤手空拳打死了一只兇猛的狼?！就卣埂俊局R(shí)拓展】fiercelyadv.猛烈地，厲害地e.g.Typhoonsblewfiercely.臺(tái)風(fēng)猛烈地刮著?？键c(diǎn)5.skeletonn.骨骼，骼髏【例句】e.g.Tommyissothinthathelookslikeaskeleton.湯姆如此瘦，以致看上去瘦骨嶙峋。Alongillnessmadeaskeletonoutofhim.長(zhǎng)期的疾病使他骨瘦如柴?！就卣埂俊局R(shí)拓展】bereducedtoaskeleton瘦得皮包骨beworntoaskeleton瘦得像骷髏familyskeleton家丑，見(jiàn)不得人的事awalkingskeleton骨瘦如柴的人考點(diǎn)6.possibleadj.可能的；可能屬實(shí)的【例句】e.g.I'llhelpyouifpossible.可能的話，我會(huì)幫助你的。Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?有可能坐火車(chē)到這個(gè)城市去嗎？或者我是不是必須坐公共汽車(chē)？【拓展】【常用搭配】as...aspossible盡可能……；doone'spossible盡力，竭力；ifpossible如果可能的話e.g.Comeasearlyaspossible.盡可能早來(lái)?？键c(diǎn)7.createv.創(chuàng)造【例句】e.g.Thecompanyhascreatedanewkindofengine.這個(gè)公司創(chuàng)造了一種新型引擎。We'vecreatedabeautifulnewhousefromanoldruin.我們把舊屋重建成一棟美麗的新房子?！就卣埂俊局R(shí)拓展】creationn.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作creatorn.創(chuàng)造者；設(shè)計(jì)者creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的考點(diǎn)8.realadj.實(shí)際存在的，真實(shí)的【例句】e.g.Thatisarealcat,notatoy.那是一只真貓，不是玩具貓。Thatoldwoman'sarealdragon!那老婦人確實(shí)是個(gè)兇惡的家伙！【拓展】【指點(diǎn)迷津】(1)real暗指某事物是真實(shí)的或貨真價(jià)實(shí)的，或指看上去或宣稱(chēng)與事實(shí)吻合的東西。e.g.Don’tlosethebracelet；it'smadeofrealgold.別把手鐲丟了，那是真金做的。(2)true暗指與事實(shí)、現(xiàn)實(shí)或事物的真實(shí)狀態(tài)相一致。e.g.He’syourfather.It'strue.他是你父親。這是真的?？键c(diǎn)9.本單元重點(diǎn)詞組lookup查閱morethan超過(guò);多于millionsof數(shù)百萬(wàn)的assmallaschickens小如雞some…,others…一些……,另一些……knowabout知道;了解amusementpark游樂(lè)園DisneylandPark迪斯尼樂(lè)園becreatedby由……創(chuàng)造befamousfor由……而著名thewaytobehappy快樂(lè)的方法throwaway扔掉;拋棄ownasfewthingsaspossible擁有盡可能少的東西dieout滅絕；消失seesomebodydoingsomething看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事leave…behind遺留dieof死于…語(yǔ)法精講——可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞語(yǔ)法重難點(diǎn)規(guī)則變化=1\*GB3①一般名詞后面加smonth-months,bird-birds=2\*GB3②以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞，后面加esclass-classes，box-boxes，match-matches=3\*GB3③以o結(jié)尾的名詞，有的加es（有生命的）有的加s（無(wú)生命的）hero-heroes，tomato-tomatoes，potato-potatoesradio-radios，zoo-zoos，bamboo-bamboos，piano-pianos，photo-photos=4\*GB3④以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i再加escity-cities，country-countries，party-parties，factory-factories=5\*GB3⑤以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f或fe為v再加esknife-knives，wolf-wolves，scarf-scarves例外：roof-roofs,chief-chiefs不規(guī)則變化單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese變內(nèi)部元音man-men，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice，foot-feet，goose-geese其他形式child-childrenman與woman作定語(yǔ)修飾的名詞改為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，兩者都要改為復(fù)數(shù)twowomendoctors，tenmendrivers（1）單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)記憶口訣：?jiǎn)螖?shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)式，后加s統(tǒng)言之。有些名詞須注意，要加s先加e。尾音/s,z,N/和/tN/，還有輔音加o時(shí)。輔音加y變ie,f結(jié)尾改ve。少數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則，男女腳牙鵝孩子，日本綿羊中國(guó)魚(yú)，特殊變化要硬記。（2）巧記以o,f(fe)結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)兩則①Negroeseatpotatoes,heroeseattomatoes.黑人吃土豆，英雄吃番茄。②Thewivesofthievescutthewolvesintohalveswithknives,andcoveredthemwithleavesbehindshelves.小偷的妻子用刀把狼宰成幾半，然后用樹(shù)葉將其蓋在了書(shū)架后面。（3）巧記各國(guó)人的單、復(fù)數(shù)變化口訣：中日不變，英法a、e變，其他s加后邊不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)法不可數(shù)名詞前面不能加不定冠詞，也沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。表示數(shù)量時(shí)，須在不可數(shù)名詞前加量詞。a__________offurniture一件家具 two__________ofbread兩條面包twobarsofchocolate兩條巧克力 four__________ofink四瓶墨水sixtinsofmeat六聽(tīng)肉 ajarofhoney一罐蜂蜜【答案】piece loaves bottles名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)只修飾可數(shù)名詞只修飾不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾基數(shù)詞（a）few/fewer/toofew（a）little/less/toolittleall,enough,none,mostacoupleof,many(not)toomanymuch,toomuch,(not)toomuchmore,some,any,enoughhundredsof,thousandsof,millionsof,billionsof,severalabitof,bitsofalotof,lotsof,massesofdozensof,scoresofagreatdealofplenty/piles/heapsofa(great/large)numberofmanya,agreat/goodmanyalargeamountof,anamountoflarge/hugeamountsoflargequantitiesofalargequantityof注意：fish表示魚(yú)肉時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，表示幾條魚(yú)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)為fish，表示幾種魚(yú)時(shí)復(fù)數(shù)為fishes。Helpyourselvestosomefish,mychildren.Thereareallkindsoffishesatthemarket.有些名詞只能用作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：people,police,clothes,Chinese,Japanese。其中有些如glasses,trousers,scissors可用量詞來(lái)修飾，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式由量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)決定。Thispairofglassescosts180yuan.3.maths,news,physics等名詞雖以-s結(jié)尾，卻具有單數(shù)的含義。Physicsisveryinteresting.Thereisalotofgoodnewsintoday’snewspaper.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞。（1）chicken雞肉chickens小雞 （2）exercise鍛煉exercises練習(xí)（3）chocolate巧克力塊chocolates巧克力糖 （4）__________時(shí)間__________次數(shù))（5）_________經(jīng)驗(yàn)__________經(jīng)歷 （6）__________木頭__________樹(shù)林（7）glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯 （8）__________紙__________試卷，論文（9）_________空間__________房間 （10）_________工作__________作品【答案】4)time times 5)experience experiences 6)wood woods paper papers 9)room rooms 10)work works根據(jù)音標(biāo)寫(xiě)單詞8AU5Vocabulary序號(hào)英文音標(biāo)詞性中文1['?fr?k?]n.非洲2[?j??r?p]n.歐洲3[f??s]adj.兇猛的4[?n?sa?kl?'pi:d??]n.百科全書(shū)5[?da?n?s?:(r)]n.恐龍6[?g?z?st]v.存在7[?i:vn]adv.甚至8[?hɑ:mfl]adj.有害的9[daiaut]滅絕10[?skel?tn]n.骨骼11[?f?tpr?nt]n.腳印12[?θ??k?(r)]n.思想家13[ɡri:s]n.希臘14[?zsu:n?z?p?s?bl]盡快15[d?ɑ:(r)]n.壇子16[???mju:zm?ntpɑ:k]游樂(lè)場(chǎng)17[kri?e?t]v.創(chuàng)造18[?k?r?kt?(r)]n.人物19[wa?l]conj.同時(shí)20[k?:z]v.使發(fā)生21[d??zi:z]n.疾病22[?g?v?nm?nt]n.政府23[r??pe?(r)]v.修理24[fi:]n.費(fèi)用25[?d??:ni]n.長(zhǎng)途旅行【答案】1.Africa 2.Europe 3.fierce 4.encyclopedia 5.dinosaur 6.existeven 8.harmful 9.dieout 10.skeleton 11.footprint 12.thinkerGreece 14.assoonaspossible 15.jar 16.amusementpark 17.createcharacter 19.while 20.cause 21.disease 22.government 23.repair24.fee 25.journey詞匯復(fù)習(xí)（1）8AU5詞性轉(zhuǎn)換整理1n.非洲n.非洲人adj.非洲的【答案】Africa African2n.歐洲n.歐洲人adj.歐洲的【答案】Europe European3n.希臘n.希臘人adj.希臘人的【答案】Greece Greek3v.傷害n.傷害adj.有害的adj.無(wú)害的【答案】harm harmful harmless4v.創(chuàng)造adj.有創(chuàng)造力的n.創(chuàng)造n.創(chuàng)造力【答案】create creative creation creativity5adj.真實(shí)的，實(shí)際上adv.實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上v.意識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)【答案】real really realize6v.存在n.存在【答案】exist existence根據(jù)中文寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的英文1. though conj. 雖然，盡管，即使E.g. 1) Ifeltverycold,________（雖然）Iwaswearingathickcoat.__________（盡管）shewasinahurry,shestoppedtotalktome.【答案】1)though 2）Though2. create v. 創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)建E.g. 1) SomepeoplebelieveGod__________（創(chuàng)造）theworld.Whowasthe___________（創(chuàng)造者）oftheelectric?Mybrotherisa___________（有創(chuàng)造力的）boybecauseheisalwaysmakessomestrangethings.【答案】1)created 2)creator 3)creative3. exist v. 存在E.g. 1) Theoldlady_________（生存）onlyoncoffeeandbread.Suchanidea_________（存在于……之中）only__________themindsofpoets.She__________（靠……生存）only__________milk.【答案】1)exists 2)exists,in 3)existed,on4. even adv. 甚至E.g. 1) ___________（甚至）MrsSmithcouldnothelplaughing.Thisdictionaryis__________________________（更有用）thanthatone.Ihaveexplainedeverything,but_________（甚至）nowshedoesn’tunderstand.【答案】1)Even 2)evenmoreuseful 3)even5. harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 無(wú)害的E.g. 1) Thenewdrughasno___________（有害的）sideeffects.Theirdogseemsfierce,buthe’s___________（無(wú)害的）.Theflood_____________________________________________（嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞）tothecrops.【答案】1)harmful 2)harmless 3)didalotofharm6. nobody pron. 沒(méi)有人E.g. 1) Therewas___________（沒(méi)有人）athome.2) ____________（一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有）ofthefoodwasleft.【答案】1)nobody 2)None7. while conj. 與……同時(shí)E.g. 1) Thetelephonerang___________（當(dāng)……的時(shí)候）Iwashavingashower.2) Ilistentotheradio___________（同時(shí)）I’meatingmybreakfast.3) ____________（當(dāng)……時(shí)）hewaseating,Iaskedhimtolendme20yuan.【答案】1)while 2)while 3)While8. cause v./n. 引導(dǎo)，導(dǎo)致，原因E.g. 1) Thefire_____________________________（由……引起）acigaretteend.2) Baddrivingisthe___________（原因）ofmostroadaccidents.【答案】1)wascausedby 2)cause9. believe v. 相信E.g. 1) Longago,people__________（相信）thatEarthwasflat.He____________________（相信）gettingplentyofexercise._____________________（相信我）,youwillgetwellverysoon.【答案】1)believed 2)believesin 3)BelievemeKeyphrasesandsentences.1.Theywerefiercerthantigersandatemeat.它們比老虎兇猛并食肉。"be動(dòng)詞+比較級(jí)十than”這是形容詞比較級(jí)的一種表達(dá)方式，要注意單音節(jié)詞和一部分雙音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)加-er構(gòu)成。e.g.Mysisteristallerthanme.我姐比我高點(diǎn)。2.Nobodyknowswhy.沒(méi)人知道這是為什么。Nobodypron.“沒(méi)有人，無(wú)人，誰(shuí)也不”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g.Thereisnobodyintheroom.屋里沒(méi)有人。Nobodyknows.誰(shuí)也不知道。【友情提示】：nobody因本身含有否定意義，在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式。nobody的反義詞是somebody。e.g.Somebodyiswaitingforyou有人在等你。nobody為不定代詞，不定代詞后跟動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式。如：everybody,somebody,anybody和everythingsomething,anything,nothing等。e.g.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyclock.我的鐘壞了。3.Hetaughtthatthewaytobehappywastoownasfewthingsaspossible.他提倡快樂(lè)的方法就是擁有盡可能少的東西。(1)thewaytobehappywastoownasfewthingsaspossible中用動(dòng)詞不定式引導(dǎo)的詞組來(lái)作表語(yǔ)，as…aspossible盡可能地。(2)表示兩者程度一樣，可以使用as...as的句型。句中的形容詞或副詞不用比較級(jí)，要用原級(jí)。e.g.MycousinisastallasIam.我堂兄和我一樣高。JennydancesasbeautifullyasAlice.說(shuō)到跳舞，詹妮與艾麗斯跳得一樣優(yōu)美。TomisascleverasJack.湯姆和杰克一樣聰明。Herunsasfastashisfather.他跑步跟他父親一樣快?！局R(shí)拓展】如果表示甲在某一方面不如乙時(shí)，用“notas/so+形容詞／副詞+as"句型。e.g.Itisnotas/sowarmtodayasyesterday.今天不如昨天暖和。Hedidnotcomeas/soearlyasWangLin.他沒(méi)有王林來(lái)得早。4.Oneday,Diogenessawaboydrinkingwaterfromhishandsbyafountain.一天，第歐根尼看見(jiàn)一個(gè)男孩在噴水池邊用手捧著水喝。seesb.doingsth.看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事e.g.Isawthestudentsplayingbasketballontheplayground.我看到那些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上打籃球?！居亚樘崾尽縮eesb.doing強(qiáng)調(diào)“看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事”，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中，側(cè)重當(dāng)時(shí)的情況；seesb.do表示“看見(jiàn)某人做了某事”，強(qiáng)調(diào)做完了或做過(guò)，側(cè)重動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程。e.g.Isawthemanrunningonthestreet.我看見(jiàn)那人正在街上跑。Isawamanrunintothehouse.我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人跑進(jìn)宅子里去了。和see用法相似的詞還有hear,notice,watch,observe等。5.DisneylandwascreatedbyWaltDisney...迪斯尼樂(lè)園是由沃特·迪斯尼創(chuàng)建的……這是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一種表達(dá)。漢語(yǔ)一般意為“由……”“被……”。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用于我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者的句子中。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣也有各種時(shí)態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：is(are)+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞;一般過(guò)去時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：was(were)+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞；一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：willbe+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：am(is,are)+being+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。e.g.ColourTVsaremadeinthatfactory.那個(gè)工廠制造彩色電視機(jī)。Englishisspokenallovertheworld.全世界都講英語(yǔ)。Theworkersweremadetoworktwelvehoursaday.工人們一天被迫工作12個(gè)小時(shí)。6.Afterleavingschool,hesold…離開(kāi)學(xué)校后，他賣(mài)……after可以作介詞，介詞后的動(dòng)詞要加-ing，整個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)本句可改為：Afterheleftschool,hesold...(after此處作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)7.Finallyhegotajobthathereallyliked--drawingcartoonsforfilms.終于他找到了一項(xiàng)他確實(shí)喜歡的工作——為電影畫(huà)卡通。Allheownedwasabigjarthathelivedin他擁有的一切就是他住的大罐子……這兩句都是復(fù)合句。第一句擁有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，第二句擁有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句：用一個(gè)句子修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞就稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)詞表示人用who，表示物用which,that既可表示人，又可表示物。e.g.ThisisthebookthatIbought.這就是我買(mǎi)的那本書(shū)。Themanwhowearsapairofglassesisournewteacher.戴眼鏡的那個(gè)人是我們的新老師。Practice

Practice一、閱讀單選PeopleoftenthinkoftheNorthPole(北極)andtheSouthPoleassimilarfrozen(冰凍的)wastelands.Theyarebothplaceswithverycoldtemperaturesandfewpeoplelivethere.However,theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine.TheNorthPolehasnoland,onlythickice.Temperaturesseldomgoabove32°F,atwhichwaterturnsintoice.Mostofthetime,itstaysbelowzero.Inwintertemperaturesareusuallyaslowas-30°F.Althoughconditionswereverypoor,peopletriedformanycenturiestoreachtheNorthPole.About100yearsago,twomen,RobertPearyandMathewHenson,wereabletogettothisenvironmentfulloftroublesanddifficulties.TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th,1909.Itwasreallyahardtripforthem.TherearefewthingsmoredangerousthancrossingtheArctic(北極圈)onfoot.Peoplewhostayedtheremayfacemanyproblems:verycoldtemperatures,suddenstorms,andevenhunger.Mostoftheareaisuninhabited.Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.Peoplemightthinkthatwithsuchlowtemperaturesformostoftheyear,theicewouldbethickandhard.However,thisisnottrueintheArctic.Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.Sometimestheicebreaksintotwoopeninglanesofwater(水道)called“l(fā)eads”.Anyonewhofallsintoaleadcanbefrozentodeathinafewminutes.1．Thispassageisprobablyfrom________.A．a(chǎn)bookreview B．a(chǎn)computermagazine C．a(chǎn)schoolreport D．a(chǎn)sciencebook2．Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedabout100yearsago?A．TwomensucceededingettingtotheNorthPole.B．TemperaturesintheNorthPolewentabove32°F.C．TheenvironmentintheNorthPolesuddenlybecameworse.D．TheNorthPolechangedintothickicebecauseofthetemperatures.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabited”probablymeaninChinese?A．氣候惡劣的 B．充滿(mǎn)危險(xiǎn)的 C．困難重重的 D．無(wú)人居住的4．WhatproblemswillpeoplefacewhencrossingtheArctic?①lowtemperatures

②withoutwater

③suddenstorms④hunger

⑤themovementoftheoceanwaterA．①②③④⑤ B．①③④⑤ C．①②④⑤ D．②③④⑤5．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?A．ThethickiceintheNorthPole.B．AdifficulttriptotheNorthPole.C．TherealsituationintheNorthPole.D．ThedifferencesbetweentheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole.【答案】1．D2．A3．D4．B5．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了北極的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。1．信息來(lái)源題。根據(jù)“However,theNorthandSouthPolesarenotmuchalikeaspeoplemayimagine.”可知，南北極并不像人們想象的那樣相似，結(jié)合下文主要介紹了北極相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以文章屬于自然科普類(lèi)。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“About100yearsago,twomen...TheyreachedtheNorthPoleonMarch8th,1909.”可知，大約100年前，兩個(gè)人成功地到達(dá)了北極。故選A。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Mostoftheareaisuninhabited.Fewpeoplecanliveinsuchadifficultplace.”可知，很少有人生活在這么艱難困苦的地方，所以說(shuō)大部分的區(qū)域都是無(wú)人居住的。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Peoplewhostayedtheremayfacemanyproblems:verycoldtemperatures,suddenstorms,andevenhunger;Themovementoftheoceanwaterundertheicemayoftencausemanydifferentchangesonthesurface.”可知，人們?cè)诒睒O需要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題有：寒冷的氣溫、突如其來(lái)的風(fēng)暴、饑餓和海水在冰下的運(yùn)動(dòng)。題干①③④⑤符合原文內(nèi)容，故選B。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知，北極沒(méi)有陸地，只有厚厚的冰，溫度常年在零度以下，接下來(lái)文章又介紹了人類(lèi)穿越北極以及北極的危險(xiǎn)等，所以全文旨在講述“北極的真實(shí)情況”。故選C。二、完形填空請(qǐng)通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，并將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目所選的選項(xiàng)涂黑。Lastmonth,ItookmysonTomtoseehisgrandparents.Itwashisfirsttimethere,sohewasexcitedand6everything.Duringlunch,Tomshouted,“Dad,Isawahen7.”“It’s8!”Isaid.“Howcanahenfly?”“Dad,intheyard,thedogranafterthehen.9,thehenwasforcedtoacorner.Whentherewasnowayout,sheflewuptothewall.Howdidthehenfly?”“Maybebecauseof10.Thehenlovesherownlife.”Ianswered.Lastweekend,we11Tom’sgrandparentsagain.Thistime,IheardTom’svoicefromtheyard,“Dad!Thedogisrunningafterthehenagain!”Iranoutofthehouse.Thehenrantoagroupofchicken,withthedogbehindher.Suddenly,shestopped,turnedaroundandfacedthedog12.I13astone,threwitatthedoganddroveitaway.“Dad,whydidn’tthehenflyaway?Sheknowsshecan’t14thedog,”askedTom.Ithoughtforawhileandsaid,“Maybebecauseoflove,theloveforher15morethanherself.”Tomthoughtforalongtimeandnodded.Heunderstoodthatlovehadmagicpower.6．A．worriedabout B．a(chǎn)fraidof C．interestedin D．pleasedwith7．A．dancing B．singing C．swimming D．flying8．A．terrible B．impossible C．easy D．usual9．A．Happily B．Finally C．Luckily D．Carelessly10．A．health B．luck C．love D．fun11．A．treated B．called C．helped D．visited12．A．a(chǎn)ngrily B．safely C．lazily D．hopefully13．A．lookedat B．pointedat C．pickedup D．lookedfor14．A．beat B．follow C．protect D．refuse15．A．partner B．life C．owner D．children【答案】6．C7．D8．B9．B10．C11．D12．A13．C14．A15．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文敘述了母雞為了愛(ài)，在兩次被狗追趕時(shí)，做出了不同尋常的動(dòng)作。6．句意：這是他第一次去那里，所以他對(duì)一切都到興奮和有興趣。worriedabout擔(dān)心；afraidof害怕；interestedin感興趣；pleasedwith對(duì)……高興。根據(jù)“Itwashisfirsttimethere,sohewasexcited...”可知他對(duì)一切都感興趣。故選C。7．句意：我看見(jiàn)一只母雞在飛。dancing跳舞；singing唱歌；swimming游泳；flying飛。根據(jù)下文“Howcanahenfly?”可知此處指母雞在飛。故選D。8．句意：這是不可能的。terrible可怕的；impossible不可能的；easy容易的；usual平常的。根據(jù)下一句“Howcanahenfly?”可知此處指“母雞會(huì)飛”這件事是不可能的。故選B。9．句意：最后母雞被逼到了墻角。Happily快樂(lè)地；Finally最后；Luckily幸運(yùn)地；Carelessly粗心地。根據(jù)“intheyard,thedogranafterthehen.”可知狗在院子里追母雞，院子空間有限，最后把母雞逼到了墻角。故選B。10．句意：也許因?yàn)閻?ài)。health健康；luck幸運(yùn)；love喜愛(ài)；fun有趣。根據(jù)下一句“Thehenlovesherownlife.”可知此處指母雞愛(ài)惜自己的生命。故選C。11．句意：上個(gè)周末，我們又去看望湯姆的爺爺奶奶。treated對(duì)待；called打電話；helped幫助；visited拜訪。根據(jù)“Thistime,IheardTom’svoicefromtheyard,”可知爸爸帶著湯姆又來(lái)到了爺爺奶奶家。故選D。12．句意：她突然停了下來(lái)，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)，憤怒地面對(duì)著那條狗。angrily生氣地；safely安全地；lazily懶惰地；hopefully滿(mǎn)懷希望地。根據(jù)“Thehenrantoagroupofchicken,withthedogbehindher.”可知母雞跑去保護(hù)她的孩子，對(duì)正在追趕的狗應(yīng)該是很憤怒。故選A。

13．句意：我拾起一塊石頭向狗扔去，把狗趕跑了。lookedat看……；pointedat指向……；pickedup拾起；lookedfor尋找。根據(jù)“threwitatthedoganddroveitaway”可知此處指撿起了石頭扔向了狗。故選C。14．句意：她知道她不能打敗那條狗。beat打??；follow跟隨；protect保護(hù)；refuse拒絕。結(jié)合題干可知湯姆感到困惑，因?yàn)檫@次母雞沒(méi)有飛，但她知道她不能打敗那條狗，所以才問(wèn)爸爸。故選A。15．句意：也許是因?yàn)閻?ài)，對(duì)孩子的愛(ài)勝過(guò)對(duì)自己的愛(ài)。partner伙伴；life生活；owner主人；children孩子們。根據(jù)上文“Thehenrantoagroupofchicken”可知此處指母雞對(duì)孩子的愛(ài)。故選D。三、短文首字母填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及所給首字母提示寫(xiě)出所缺單詞，使短文意思完整，每空一詞。Environmentalprotectionisimportantforthehealthofourearth.Weneedtor16howouractionsinfluencetheenvironment.Inourdailylife,plentyofwasteweproduceisabigproblem.Wecanr17wastebychoosingtobuyproductswithl18packaging(包裝)andtorecycleitemsproperly.S19rubbishintodifferentcategories,suchasplastic,paper,andglass,canalsobeagreathelp.Moreover,wed20onnaturalresourcesforourdailyneeds,suchaswater,air,andfood.Itisimportanttosaveresourcesbyusingthemw21.Forexample,turningoffthetapw22brushingourteethcansavewater,andturningofflightswhenleavingaroomcansaveelectricity.Finally,wemustalsothinkaboutther23ofourchoicesfortheenvironment.Choosingtousepublictransportationorcarpooling(共乘一輛車(chē))insteadofdrivinga24canreduceairpollution.PlantingtreescanalsohelptakeinCO2andi25airquality.Bytakingthesesteps,wecanhelpprotecttheenvironmentandmakeabetterfuture.【答案】16．(r)ealize/(r)ealise17．(r)educe18．(l)ess/(l)ittle19．(S)eparating20．(d)epend21．(w)isely22．(w)hile/(w)hen23．(r)esult/(r)esults24．(a)lone25．(i)mprove【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪幸绾蚊髦堑厥褂觅Y源來(lái)節(jié)省資源、保護(hù)環(huán)境。16．句意：我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到我們的行為是如何影響環(huán)境的。根據(jù)“Environmentalprotectionisimportantforthehealthofourearth.”可知此處指“我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到我們的行為對(duì)環(huán)境的影響”；realize/realise“認(rèn)識(shí)到”，needtodosth“需要做某事”，填動(dòng)詞原形。故填(r)ealize/(r)ealise。17．句意：我們可以通過(guò)選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)包裝（較）少的產(chǎn)品和適當(dāng)回收物品來(lái)減少浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)下文“bychoosingtobuyproductswithless/littlepackagingandtorecycleitemsproperly.”可知此處指“通過(guò)選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)包裝（較）少的產(chǎn)品和適當(dāng)回收物品來(lái)減少浪費(fèi)”；reduce“減少”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填(r)educe。18．句意：我們可以通過(guò)選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)包裝（較）少的產(chǎn)品和適當(dāng)回收物品來(lái)減少浪費(fèi)。下文“andtorecycleitemsproperly”；根據(jù)and表相承的關(guān)系，可知此處指“選擇購(gòu)買(mǎi)包裝（較）少的產(chǎn)品和適當(dāng)回收物品來(lái)減少浪費(fèi)”；修飾不可數(shù)名詞用less“較少的”/little“少的”。故填(l)ess/(l)ittle。19．句意：將垃圾分為不同的類(lèi)別，如塑料、紙張和玻璃，也會(huì)有很大的幫助。根據(jù)下文“…suchasplastic,paper,andglass,”可知此處指“將垃圾分為不同的類(lèi)別”；separate“分類(lèi)”，填動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。故填(S)eparating。20．句意：此外，我們的日常需求依賴(lài)自然資源，如水、空氣和食物。根據(jù)下文“…suchaswater,air,andfood.”可知此處指“日常需求依賴(lài)水、空氣和食物等自然資源”；dependon“依靠……”；句子陳述客觀的事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)we，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。故填(d)epend。21．句意：通過(guò)明智地使用資源來(lái)節(jié)省資源是很重要的。根據(jù)下文“Forexample,turningoffthetap…andturningofflights”可知此處指“明智地使用資源來(lái)節(jié)省資源”；填副詞wisely“明智地”修飾動(dòng)詞。故填(w)isely。22．句意：例如，刷牙時(shí)關(guān)上水龍頭可以節(jié)水，離開(kāi)房間時(shí)關(guān)燈可以省電。根據(jù)下文“andturningofflightswhenleavingaroomcansaveelectricity.”可知刷牙時(shí)關(guān)上水龍頭可以節(jié)水，when/while“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。故填(w)hile/(w)hen。23．句意：最后，我們還必須考慮到我們?yōu)榱谁h(huán)境所做的選擇的結(jié)果。根據(jù)下文“Choosingtousepublictransportationorcarpooling…Plantingtrees…”可知此處指“我們?yōu)榱谁h(huán)境所做的選擇的結(jié)果”；result(s)“結(jié)果”，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指。故填(r)esult(s)。24．句意：選擇使用公共交通工具或拼車(chē)而不是獨(dú)自開(kāi)車(chē)可以減少空氣污染。根據(jù)“canreduceairpollution”可知此處指“不要獨(dú)自開(kāi)車(chē)”；alone“獨(dú)自地”。故填(a)lone。25．句意：植樹(shù)還有助于吸收二氧化碳，改善空氣質(zhì)量。根據(jù)“Plantingtrees”可知此處指“植樹(shù)可以改善空氣質(zhì)量”；improve“改善”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形。故填(i)mprove。四、閱讀回答問(wèn)題閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文中的信息回答問(wèn)題。（每個(gè)回答不超過(guò)10個(gè)詞）GiantpandaYaYareturnedtoherhomeinBeijingZooearlyonMondayafterspending20yearsintheUnitedStatesaccordingtotheNationalForestryandGrasslandAdministration.YaYawillnotbeonshowtothepublicforthetimebeingasthe23-year-oldpandaneedstorestandadapt(適應(yīng))tohernewenvironment.Thezoowillperiodicallyreleaseupdates(定期發(fā)布信息)onYaYaonitsofficialWeiboaccount.OnApril27,YaYaarrivedinShanghaiandwasquarantined(隔離)foramonthbeforemovingtoBeijing,the