2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第三冊(cè)（譯林版）UNIT 4 Grammar and usage教學(xué)課件

UNIT4ProtectingourheritagesitesSectionBGrammarandusageLead-inAbuSimbeltemples阿布辛拜勒神廟Doyouknowthisheritagesite?ChrisisreadinganarticleabouttheefforttosavehistorictemplesinEgypt.Findthesentenceswithappositiveclausesandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.AbuSimbeltemplesinEgyptarethousandsofyearsoldandittookdecadestobuildthem.Therearedivisionsamonghistoriansoverwhenexactlytheconstructionofthetwintemplesstarted,butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.Inthemid-20thcentury,thetemplewereunderseriousthreat.ThegovernmenthaddecidedtobuildtheAswanHighDamontheNileandthisstructurewouldcausewaterlevelstorise,whichcouldinturnfloodtheAbuSimbeltemples.Thisdecisioncausedwidespreadconcernamongpeoplearoundtheworld.Theycouldnotpreventtheconstructionofthedamandtheyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.AExploringtherulesSomeexperts,however,hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.UNESCOputtogetheraninternationalteamofarchitects,engineersandheavyequipmentoperators,wholookedatdifferentwaysofsavingthetemples.Atfirsttheyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.Finally,theydecidedtotrytotakethetemplesapart,movetheirpartstoanewlocationandthenputthembacktogether.Therewasnoguaranteethatitwouldwork,sincenoonehadattemptedanythingsimilarbefore.Furthermore,theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.However,theoperationwascarefullyplannedandtheteameventuallymanagedtorelocatealloftheAbuSimbeltempleswithoutincident.Thissuccessdemonstratesthepowerofinternationalcooperationintimesofcrisis.Itisdifficulttoforecastwhatthreatsourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture,butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.…,butnoonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedinthe13thcenturyBCE.1.Theycouldnotpreventtheconstructionofthedamandtheyhadnoideawhetherthetemplescouldbesavedfromtherisingwaters.2.Someexperts，however，hadafeelingthatitwaspossible.3.Atfirst，theyhadnoideawhichwaycouldwork.4.Therewasnoguaranteethatitwouldwork，sincenoonehadattemptedanythingsimilarbefore.5.Furthermore，theexpertshadnocluewhetheranypartsofthetempleswouldbreakduringtransport.6.Itisdifficulttoforecastwhatthreatsourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture，butwehavethebeliefthatwewillneedthiskindofcooperationinheritagepreservation.Workingouttherules·Anappositiveclauseisusuallyplacedafteranabstractnountoexplainitscontent..·Weoftenuse(1)__________(2)____________oraquestionwordtointroduceanappositiveclause.·Nounsthatcanbefollowedbyanappositiveclauseincludefact,idea,news,opinion,etc.that

whether

ApplyingtherulesB1Readthesentencesbelowandticktheoneswithappositiveclauses.1WehavenodoubtthatUNESCOistryingtoprotecttheheritagesites.2Thiswasthecluethathelpedthepolicefindthemanwhohaddestroyedtheancientstatues.3Manypeopledonotknowthereasonwhythisheritagesiteisthreatened.4Thereisnoquestionthatweshouldprotectoursharedheritage—wesimplyhaveto.5IwanttoplanmytripbutIhavenoideawhenthetempleswillopen.

√√√B2ChrismeetswithMissMatodiscussUNESCO’sworkrelatedtoheritagepreservation.Completetheconversationbelowwithproperlinkingwordstoformappositiveclauses.Chris:Sorrytointerruptyou,MissMa.I'mwritinganarticleaboutUNESCO’sworkon

heritagepreservation.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutit?MissMa:Sure.In1972,theConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturaland

NaturalHeritagewasadoptedbytheGeneralConferenceofUNESCO.Chris:ButI'veheardsomepeoplehaveseriousdoubts(1)___________theWorldHeritage

Conventionreallyhelps.MissMa:Sure,itdoes.Itlinkstheconceptsofnatureconservationandthepreservationof

culturalpropertiestogether.ApartfromtheConvention,theWorldHeritageCommittee

wasestablishedin1976andpassedthemotion(2)________weshouldprotectourculturalandnaturalheritagesites.whether

that

Chris:Isee.CanyoutellmewhattheWorldHeritageCommitteedoes?Miss

Ma:Ofcourse.Forexample,itvotestodeterminewhichsitesaretobelistedasUNESCO

heritagesitesandmonitorsthestateofconservation.Chris:That'samazing.IsChinaoneoftheUNESCOStatesParties?MissMa:Yes.Doyouhaveanyidea(3)___________ChinesepropertiesareontheWorldHeritageList?Chris:Yes,morethan50now.Forexample,theGrandCanal,theworld'slongestandoldestcanal,was

onthelistin2014.I'veheardthenews(4)___________certainheritagesitesinChinaareunder

threat.MissMa:You'reright.Theproposal(5)____________weshouldraisepublicawarenessofheritage

protectionisworthconsidering.howmany

that

that

Grammar同位語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。通常跟在名詞后面，解釋說(shuō)明名詞的內(nèi)容如：news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，promise，order，problem，belief，word（消息），message，information，proof，announcement，desire，doubt，answer，proposal，advice，possibility，statement等。常用引導(dǎo)詞有that，whether，who，what，which，how，when，where，why等。（1）that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。that不作成分，也沒(méi)有詞義，但是不能省略。Herecamethenewsthatthescientistshadmadeamajorbreakthroughincloning.傳來(lái)了科學(xué)家在克隆方面取得了重大突破的消息。Ihavenoideathatyouhaveappliedforthepost.我不知道你已經(jīng)申請(qǐng)了這個(gè)職位。（2）whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。whether意為“是否”，僅起引導(dǎo)作用，在句中不作成分。ThereissomedoubtwhetherJohnwillresistregulations.有人懷疑約翰是否會(huì)抵制規(guī)則。Thequestionwhetheritneedsreformingwillbediscussedatthemeeting.它是否需要改革這個(gè)問(wèn)題將要在會(huì)議上被討論。（3）連接代詞who，what，which引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。這幾個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在從句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresreasonableconsideration.誰(shuí)該做這項(xiàng)工作的問(wèn)題需要合理考慮。Ihavenoideawhattheprocedureforapplyingforavisais.我不知道申請(qǐng)簽證需要什么手續(xù)。（4）連接副詞when，where，why，how引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。這幾個(gè)詞引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。Myinitialquestion，whyshedidthat，hasnotbeenanswered.她為什么做那件事，我最初的問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有得到回答。IhavenoideahowtheywereabletogettoChangshainsoshortatime.我不知道他們是如何在這么短的時(shí)間里到達(dá)長(zhǎng)沙的。同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別從句從句性質(zhì)that的作用when，where，why的作用同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性的，對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)句子成分①連接副詞，充當(dāng)句子成分②前面名詞一般與時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因無(wú)關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句形容詞性的，對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾或限制既起連接作用，又在從句中充當(dāng)成分①關(guān)系副詞，充當(dāng)句子成分②前面先行詞表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因Theproposalthatthehospitalshouldbeclosedwasrejectedbyalargemajority.關(guān)閉醫(yī)院的提議遭到大多數(shù)人的拒絕。（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中不作任何成分）Theproposalthatheputforwardistobediscussedatthemeeting.他提出的建議將在會(huì)議上被討論。（定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.我不知道她什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。（when與idea無(wú)意義上的關(guān)聯(lián)，when引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我還記得第一次來(lái)北京的那天。（when指代theday，when引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句）【誤區(qū)警示】表示“建議、命令、要求”等的名詞（如suggestion，advice，proposal建議；order，command命令；demand，request，requirement要求；decision決定等）后的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。Thegeneralgaveacommandthatthey（should）startatonce.將軍命令他們立即出發(fā)。Imadethesuggestionthatwe（should）watchoutforthesuspect’smovements.我提議我們應(yīng)該密切注意那名嫌疑犯的行蹤。I.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon

themeetingwouldbeputoff.2.Ihavenoidea

thecellphoneisn’tworking，socouldyoufixitforme?3.There’sapossibility

wewilltraveltoEuropethissummervacation.4.Thereislittledoubtinyourmind

heisinnocent，isthere?5.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief

youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.6.Thecommitteerejectedthesuggestion

housesshouldbebuiltonthissite.7.Doyouhaveanyidea

itmeanstobepoor?8.Nobodycanexplainthemystery

dinosaursbecameextinct.9.Ihavenoidea

theywereabletogetitdoneinsoshortatime.10.Theproposal

weshouldsendanothersatelliteintospaceistobediscussedatthemeeting.11.Weshouldconsiderthestudents’request

theschoollibraryshouldprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.that

why

that

that

that

that

what

why

how

that

that

II.指出從句的類(lèi)型1.ThenewsthatTomwasarrestedwasuntrue.

_______________2.WhatwasthenewsthatconcernedMarysomuch?

________________

3.Theteacherexplainedthereasonthatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

_______________4.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.

_______________5.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.

_______________

同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句

同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句III.完成句子1.Hemustanswerthequestion

（他是否同意這件事）.2.I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessage

（他今天下午不來(lái)看你了）.3.Theyoungmanmadeapromisetohisparents

（他會(huì)努力謀生）aftergraduation.4.Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatwe

（應(yīng)該有一個(gè)助手）.5.Ihavenoidea_______________________（他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)）.6.Theyarefacedwiththeproblem

（他們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)下去）.7.____________________（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)）theeconomywillrecoverquickly.8._________________（有消息傳來(lái)）shewasawardedfirstprize.9.Thereissomedoubt_________________________（他能否適應(yīng)）thewarmdryclimatehere.10.Ihavenodoubt___________________（他會(huì)振奮起來(lái)）atthenews.whetherheagreeswithitornotthathewon’tcometoseeyouthisafternoon

thathewouldtrytoearnhisliving

shouldhaveanassistantwhenhewillcomeback

whethertheyshouldcarryon

Thereisnodoubtthat

Wordcamethatwhetherhecanadapttothathe’llcheerup

Languagepoints1Therearedivisionsamonghistorians...歷史學(xué)家們之間存在著分歧……divisionn.分歧；分開(kāi)，分隔Thedivisionofopinionamongthemcontributedtotheirdefeat.他們之間意見(jiàn)的分歧導(dǎo)致了他們的失敗?！就卣埂縟ividev.分成，分開(kāi)；分配搭配：divide...into...把……分成……Thefencedividesthegardenintotwo.籬笆把花園隔成兩半。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Afenceformsthe

（divide）betweentheirlandandours.（2）Nothingisparticularlyhardifyoudivideit

smalljobs.division

into

2Therewasnoguaranteethatitwouldwork...不能保證這個(gè)方法會(huì)奏效……that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句（1）that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，對(duì)前面抽象名詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，that不作成分，沒(méi)有意義，不省略。常接同位語(yǔ)從句的抽象名詞有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，word，possibility，decision等。Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.錢(qián)不見(jiàn)了這一事實(shí)并不意味著它被偷了。（2）表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如suggestion，advice，proposal，recommendation；command，order；demand，requirement，request等，從句謂語(yǔ)用“（should+）動(dòng)詞原形”。Thesuggestionthatthenewrule（should）beadoptedcamefromthechairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。（3）同位語(yǔ)從句修飾的抽象名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常把同位語(yǔ)從句放到謂語(yǔ)的后面，以避免頭重腳輕。Wordcamethatthesportsmeethadbeenputoff.消息傳來(lái)了，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲了。說(shuō)明

同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句，是對(duì)一個(gè)抽象名詞加以補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性從句，是對(duì)一個(gè)名詞加以修飾限定，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候可省略。Thenews（that）hetoldmeisreallyencouraging.他告訴我的那個(gè)消息真令人鼓舞。（定語(yǔ)從句）Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameisreallyencouraging.我們隊(duì)贏了比賽的消息真是鼓舞人心。（同位語(yǔ)從句）單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）HereferredtoCopernicus’statement

theearthmovesroundthesun.（2）Thenewsgotabout

hehadwonacarinthelottery.（3）Hisproposalthatthesystem

（change）waspopularamongtheemployees.寫(xiě)出從句的類(lèi)型（4）Themistakethathemadehascostgreatlosstothecompany.__________

（5）It’sagreatmistakethathetookthebookwithoutpermission.__________

（6）Youmustfindthefactthatisimportanttoyourresearch.__________

that

that

（should）bechanged

定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句

3...andtheteameventuallymanagedtorelocatealloftheAbuSimbeltempleswithoutincident.……該團(tuán)隊(duì)最終成功地將阿布辛貝神廟全部搬遷，沒(méi)有發(fā)生意外。incidentn.事件；沖突Therewasashootingincidentnearherelastnight.昨夜這附近發(fā)生了槍擊事件。詞塊背誦aserious/anunfortunateincident嚴(yán)重/不幸事件theXi’anIncident西安事變

aborderincident邊境沖突辨析incident/accident/eventincident可指小事件或小插曲，又可指政治上有影響的事件或事變。accident多指偶然發(fā)生或意外發(fā)生的不幸的事情。event尤指歷史上的重大事件，還可以表示國(guó)際、國(guó)內(nèi)的大事以及體育比賽項(xiàng)目。單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Notlongago，

incidentthathappenedatWaltDisneytouchedmegreatly.辨析填空：incident/accident/event（2）Thedogwaskilledinacar

.（3）Despitethebadweather，the

wasagreatsuccess.（4）Hecouldrememberevery

ingreatdetail.an

accidentevent

incident

4Thissuccessdemonstratesthepowerofinternationalcooperationintimesofcrisis.

這一成功表明了國(guó)際合作在危機(jī)時(shí)期的力量。cooperationn.合作，協(xié)作；協(xié)助，配合

cooperationbetween...and...……和……之間的合作搭配withthecooperationof在……的合作下incooperationwith...與……合作

Wewouldliketoseeclosercooperationbetweenparentsandschools.我們希望家長(zhǎng)和學(xué)校有更加緊密的合作?！就卣埂縞ooperatevi.合作，協(xié)作；配合搭配：cooperatewith...與……合作Thetwogroupsagreedtocooperatewitheachother.這兩個(gè)組同意相互協(xié)作。詞塊背誦economiccooperation經(jīng)濟(jì)合作

internationalcooperation國(guó)際合作單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Thecompanyproducescomputers

cooperationwithaGermanfirm.（2）There’sverylittlecooperation

thetwocountries.（3）

thecooperationofguards，theyopenedthedoortoletusin.（4）Theywanttopromote

（cooperate）betweenthetwofirms.in

between

With

cooperation5Itisdifficulttoforecastwhatthreatsourheritagesiteswillfaceinthefuture...

很難預(yù)測(cè)我們的遺產(chǎn)地未來(lái)將面臨什么樣的威脅……forecastvt.&n.（1）vt.（forecast，forecast；forecasted，forecasted）預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)Expertsareforecastingarecoveryintheeconomy.專(zhuān)家預(yù)測(cè)經(jīng)濟(jì)將復(fù)蘇。Snowisforecastfortomorrow.預(yù)報(bào)明天有雪。（2）n.預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)Accordingtotheweatherforecast，thetemperaturewilldropalottomorrow.根據(jù)天氣預(yù)報(bào)，明天氣溫會(huì)驟減。詞塊背誦forecastthefuture預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)weatherforecasts天氣預(yù)報(bào)單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Despiteeconomicdepression，they’restill

（forecast）growthinthethirdquarter.（2）Ithinkthesesales

（forecast）areunrealistic，consideringhowslowsalesareatpresent.forecastingforecasts6Sorrytointerruptyou，MissMa.對(duì)不起，打擾您了，馬小姐。interruptvt.打擾，插嘴；使暫停，使中斷vi.打擾，插嘴Theywereinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.他們被敲門(mén)聲打斷了。Itisnotpolitetointerruptwhensomeoneistalking.打斷別人說(shuō)話(huà)是不禮貌的。【拓展】interruptionn.打擾；中斷時(shí)間Imanagedtoworkfortwohourswithoutinterruption.我總算連續(xù)工作了兩小時(shí)。詞塊背誦withoutinterruption連續(xù)地單句語(yǔ)法填空（1）Shetriedtoexplainwhathadhappenedbuthekept

（interrupt）her.（2）“Whatareyoudoinghere?”Iasked，annoyedatthe

（interrupt）.interruptinginterruption7Itlinkstheconceptsofnatureconservationandthepr