2022年高考英語(yǔ)試題試卷及答案（全國(guó)乙卷）

2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試

英語(yǔ)

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)

涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，

將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷

上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀

下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.

2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?

A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.

3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?

A.It'sbig.B.It'squiet.C.It'snew.

4.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.

5Whereistheman'stable?

A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecomer.

第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、

C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,

每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩

遍。

聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.

聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?

A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.Ifseasytohirepeople.

9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?

A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.

聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.

11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.

12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

A.Rembrandfs.B.Botticelli's.C.Rubens'.

聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.

14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?

A.March.B.August.C.October.

15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?

A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.

16.WhatisSusan'sattitudetoJohn'sproblem?

A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.

聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17k20題。

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2012?

A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.

18.Whywasthe2016Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?

A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?

A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Hisplantogoforthegold.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.

C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

HenryRaeburn（1756-1823）

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotland'sbest

lovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,

itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait（肖像畫(huà)）Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.

TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburnRaeburnsEnglishContemporaries

Sunday26Oct.,15.00Thursday30Oct.,13.10

DUNCANTHOMSONJUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationinRaeburnandArtistsTraininginthe

RaeburnkPortraits18thCentury

Thursday6Nov.,13.10Thursday13Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSONMARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.

Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.

Admission

￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,upto

andincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

1.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburn'sEnglishContemporaries1

A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.

Thurs.13Nov.

2.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?

A.￡4.B.￡8.C.￡12.D.￡16.

3.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

【答案】1.B2.B3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫(huà)家亨利?雷伯恩爵士進(jìn)行

的展覽的相關(guān)情況。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn飛EnglishContemporaries部分uThursday30Oct.（10

月30日星期四）”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn^EnglishContemporarieso

故選B項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultare

admittedfree.（4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)。）”可知，一對(duì)夫婦應(yīng)付

4+4=8英鎊，兩個(gè)12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場(chǎng)費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段uAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallin

full-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswith

teachers.（所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團(tuán)

體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場(chǎng)費(fèi)。）”可知，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，

可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruff

andRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachina

one-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.Sofor

themtomovetoElkhead,Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstring

wasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducation

ofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothy

Woodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,they

realizedwhattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,

andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,Rosamond

andDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,

thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichof

courseinfluencedthegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingof

therailroads,whichentailed（牽涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.The

bookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅(jiān)忍）ofthe

peoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,

lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowall

aroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,

mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^

4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

CTheylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

6.WhichpartofWickenden'swritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

7.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiary

entry.

【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書(shū)籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,

N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRocky

Mountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.（1916年，來(lái)自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女

孩----DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood-----來(lái)到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間

只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書(shū)。）”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書(shū)。

故選A項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,had

littleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他

們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒(méi)有隱私，很少洗澡，早上

醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。）"以及"Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春

天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選

D項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段uAhair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,

whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowsloi*ms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段

與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）”可知，Wickenden的作

品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturnto

Auburn.（這本書(shū)以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。）”以及最后一段"Wickendenisavery

goodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautiful

writing/Wickenden是個(gè)很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美

麗的作品。）”可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了Wickenden的書(shū)籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文

本是一篇書(shū)評(píng)。故選B項(xiàng)。

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthe

sametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureof

applyingtoday's"eyesinthesky9'technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrail

tracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddo

preciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchas

thecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,

themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecut

andoperationswouldbemoreefficient（高效）acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel

safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearon

maintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherail

infrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews'

efforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesfor

railways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.To

performthesetasks,dronesfbrraildon'tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingon

anewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,and

programmedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravelling

aheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalany

problem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

8.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Drones'abilitytoworkathigh

altitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones,reliableperformancein

remoteareas.

9.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

10.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

AToprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsfbrthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

DHowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼'’的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠

的同時(shí)又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tension

electricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervital

aspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.（無(wú)

人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來(lái)檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施

的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置）”可知使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無(wú)人

機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。

【9題詳解】

詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20

billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspect

andrepairtherailinfrastructure.（據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200

億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）”可知花在

maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于"inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)

設(shè)施"，由此可知"Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionof

railwaypersonnelsafetyw是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和C

項(xiàng)：Inspectionandrepair（檢修）含義相近。故選C。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段4,Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildrones

ofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorun

autonomously（工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個(gè)新概念:未來(lái)的鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)。它們將在列車(chē)前方的

軌道上運(yùn)行，并被設(shè)定為自動(dòng)運(yùn)行）”可知鐵路無(wú)人機(jī)有望讓火車(chē)自動(dòng)運(yùn)行。故選B。

[11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段"Canasmallgroupofdrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）guaranteethe

safetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuros

eachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's14eyesinthesky“technologytomaking

surethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwidearesafe

fortrainsona24/7basis.（一小群無(wú)人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每

年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來(lái)，以確保全球數(shù)百萬(wàn)公

里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。）”以及后文第二段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)檢查電力

線路使無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無(wú)人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好

地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全；第四段講到了通過(guò)使用最新的技術(shù)，無(wú)人機(jī)還可以開(kāi)始為鐵路提供更

高的價(jià)值，可知文章主要講述了無(wú)人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來(lái)，所以D項(xiàng)“無(wú)人機(jī)將如何

改變鐵路的未來(lái)?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷?，適合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。

D

TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirst

predicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gof

sugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthat

today'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,putting

thematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataof

thefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedto

generate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutby

manufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewer

kilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.

SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugary

drinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandare

refusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmost

alcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthanImlitresper

year.

Today*sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugar

taxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatingin

schools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,

andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

12.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildren'shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

13.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheir

products.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts9sugar

content.

14.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.Classic

Coke.

15.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了英國(guó)政府對(duì)軟飲料征收的糖稅來(lái)解決兒童以及

青少年的健康問(wèn)題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoft

drinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedlohelpreducechildhood

obesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過(guò)5g的軟飲料，旨在幫

助減少兒童肥胖。）“可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項(xiàng)。

【13題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehad

theirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（止匕前，制造商已經(jīng)降低

了商店中銷(xiāo)售的超過(guò)一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。）”可知，一些飲料公司通過(guò)降低

了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來(lái)避稅。故選D項(xiàng)。

【14題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,have

acceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,

milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompanies

manufacturingfewerthanImlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂(lè),已經(jīng)接

受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會(huì)惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精

飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬(wàn)升的小公司也是免稅的。）“可知，糖稅主要來(lái)自經(jīng)典可

口可樂(lè)這些高糖品牌。故選D項(xiàng)。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today、figures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,show

thepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesand

healthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，

它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊）'‘可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功

的政策。故選B項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩

項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain（保

持）long-distancefriendships.

,Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact（聯(lián)系）and

sharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.

16.

?Moreisn'talwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantsto

becontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.17.Therearealtemativestoconstant

writtencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.

?Practiseempathy（共情）

18.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemands

placedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothe

factthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.

?19

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Although

technologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecial

days.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends9birthdaysandotherimportantdateswill

makesurenothingslipsbyyou.

?Don'trelyontechnologyalone

20、butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconscious

efforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-face

timetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication

F.Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia

G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind

【答案】16D17.B18.G19.A20.F

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。

【16題詳解】

上文uWithbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.（平日繁忙，很難抽

出時(shí)間打電話。）講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時(shí)間給對(duì)方打電話，D項(xiàng)“盡量找個(gè)雙方都

有空的時(shí)間去打電話，并堅(jiān)持下去”給出了解決沒(méi)時(shí)間打電話這個(gè)問(wèn)題的方法，符合題意。

故選D項(xiàng)。

【17題詳解】

上文“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyou

wantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”（確保你已經(jīng)與你的朋友溝通

過(guò)，了解你們彼此希望聯(lián)系的次數(shù)，以及哪種溝通方式最適合你們兩人。）提到異地朋友之

間要商量溝通方式，B項(xiàng)”可以通過(guò)寫(xiě)信補(bǔ)償”提出了其中一種溝通方式：寫(xiě)信，下文

“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesor

havingagroupchat."（除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發(fā)語(yǔ)音或者組建群聊。）

補(bǔ)充了發(fā)語(yǔ)音等其他溝通方式，其中“constantwrittencommunication”呼應(yīng)了B項(xiàng)的

u

writingletterso故選B項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

下文“Thefriendwhoisremaining”（留下來(lái)的朋友）和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”

（在新環(huán)境中的那個(gè)）提到朋友的兩個(gè)不同處境，G項(xiàng)“你可能是朋友中離開(kāi)的那一方，也

可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開(kāi)的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriend

wholeft”和utheonewhowasleftbehind分別對(duì)應(yīng)下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”

和“Thefriendwhoisremaining",所以G項(xiàng)符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)。

【19題詳解】

分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個(gè)方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文

uAnniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.（周年紀(jì)念

日和生日對(duì)于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。）講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對(duì)

于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對(duì)應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項(xiàng)“記得

重要的日子”，所以A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。

【20題詳解】

設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句"butlong-distancefriendships——evencloseones——mayrequiremore

consciousefforttosustain."（但是異地友誼甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼可能需要更加自

覺(jué)地去維系。）講的是我們要更加自覺(jué)地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說(shuō)明后半句與設(shè)空處形

成轉(zhuǎn)折，而F項(xiàng)“朋友之間很容易通過(guò)社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”講的是可以通過(guò)社交媒體

這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句"requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)

折，而且其中的"socialmedia”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標(biāo)題uDon9trelyontechnologyalonev（不

要僅僅依賴(lài)技術(shù)）中的“technology”。故選F項(xiàng)。

語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入

空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there's

somethinghighlyexcitingabout21someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobe

seen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably22athiding.They

oftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies23.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas24asevidencethatchildrenare

hopelessly"egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures.Butour25researchresultsinchild

developmentalpsychology26thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each

27satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor28.Wethenaskedthechild

ifshecould29orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame

30happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:31childrensaidthatthey

couldn't32toher.

Anumberof33ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.

Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects34thequestionsandknew35whatwas

askedofthem.Their36tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue37that“Icanseeyou

onlyifyoucanseeme,too."Theysimply38mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our

39suggestwhenachild“hides“byputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultof

egocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod_40_whenothersuseit.

21.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.

directing

22.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

23.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.

imbalanced

24.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.

interpreted

25.A.disappointingB.mixedC.suiprisingD.desired

26.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

27.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

28.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

29.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

30.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

31.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

32.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

33.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.

assumptions

34.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

35.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

36.A.responses