02：名校高中自主招生閱讀理解單選題 -上海名校高中自主招生英語(yǔ)直通車(chē)

第頁(yè)第02第02講：名校高中自主招生閱讀理解單選題從句 考點(diǎn)歸納、考前鞏固、真題鏈接說(shuō)明:名校高中自主招生系列，試題由名校老師精心撰稿，均有答案詳細(xì)解析；部分試題有一定難度，供參考、選用。閱讀理解是考查學(xué)生綜合能力的一個(gè)重要題型，主要考查考生對(duì)閱讀材料的理解能力、對(duì)材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。細(xì)節(jié)題考查文章中有關(guān)事情發(fā)生的具體細(xì)節(jié)題目，如：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件經(jīng)過(guò)、方式、結(jié)果等；推斷類(lèi)方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文中某些詞、句子或段落進(jìn)行推理或根據(jù)句子的語(yǔ)氣、文章論調(diào)和傾向進(jìn)行推斷的能力。解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，需注意以文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索為依據(jù)，由已知推及未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：◆Whatcanyouconclude(推斷)fromthispassage?◆Wecaninfer(推斷)fromthepassagethat...詞匯猜測(cè)類(lèi)方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)某個(gè)“單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子”在特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境下具體含義的理解。解答此類(lèi)題，可采用以下五類(lèi)猜詞技巧：①利用構(gòu)詞法；②利用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞；③利用定義和解釋猜詞；④利用例證猜詞；⑤根據(jù)生活常識(shí)猜詞。另外，采用“代入法”也十分有效，即：將備選答案逐一帶入文中，哪個(gè)使句子通順、連貫，且與上下文語(yǔ)境符合，即為正確答案。標(biāo)題歸納類(lèi)方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，需注意以下五點(diǎn)：①以原文為依據(jù)，不摻雜個(gè)人意見(jiàn)；②注意絕對(duì)化的詞，選最適合本篇文章的；③答案避免以點(diǎn)帶面，以偏概全；④文章沒(méi)提到的，不要妄自猜測(cè)，一切以文章內(nèi)容為準(zhǔn)。因此，所選的標(biāo)題一般須符合三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：概括性、有針對(duì)性、醒目性。另外，山西中考閱讀理解(一)還會(huì)從“詞匯猜測(cè)、標(biāo)題歸納、主旨大意”角度進(jìn)行命題，針對(duì)這三種命題角度，考生也可采用以下技巧進(jìn)行解答：主旨大意題方法點(diǎn)撥：此類(lèi)題主要考查考生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。尋找主題句往往是做好此類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵。在解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義，涉及文章的標(biāo)題(title)、主題(mainidea)、結(jié)論(conclusion)等有關(guān)問(wèn)題，都需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中的內(nèi)在信息。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)題方式有：◆What'sthemainideaofthepassage?◆Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlytellus?解答選擇型閱讀理解題，可以大概分為三個(gè)步驟，具體如下：一、快速閱讀短文先讀題，明確題目要求，然后帶著問(wèn)題去讀文章，這種方法稱(chēng)為尋讀。快速閱讀一遍全文，弄清段落大意，對(duì)全文有一個(gè)整體了解，閱讀時(shí)從宏觀入手，掌握中心意思，注意哪些是用以說(shuō)明中心意思的主要事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，弄清作者的寫(xiě)作目的及意圖。如遇到生詞，應(yīng)先跳過(guò)，繼續(xù)閱讀全文，切忌長(zhǎng)時(shí)間猜測(cè)生詞的意思，因?yàn)橛行┥~并不影響對(duì)全文的理解，還有一些詞可以通過(guò)上下文推測(cè)出其含義。二、認(rèn)真逐題作答閱讀完短文后，對(duì)整篇短文的內(nèi)容有了大致的了解，然后再看文章后的問(wèn)題，如果屬于客觀事實(shí)題，可直接在短文中找到答案。如果是主觀判斷題，則應(yīng)再次迅速通讀全文，仔細(xì)分析思考。三、仔細(xì)檢查答案做完所有題目后，再讀一遍短文，逐一檢查所有答案是否有誤。如果有不太確定的答案，不要隨意更改。一定要從原文中找到依據(jù)，方可更正。A（說(shuō)明文）Weusuallythinkofpollutionasaharmfulwastesubstancethatthreatenstheairandwater.Butsomepeoplehavebecomeconcernedaboutanotherkindofpollution.Itcanbeeverywhere,dependingonthetimeoftheday.Anditisnotthoughtofasasubstance.Itislight.Theideaoflightpollutionhasdevelopedwiththeincreaseoflightsincities.Inmanyareas,thislightmakesitdifficultorimpossibletoobservestarsandplanetsinthenightsky.In1988,theInternationalDark-SkyAssociationformed.Thisorganizationwantstoreducelightpollutioninthenightsky.Italsourgestheeffectiveuseofelectriclighting.Thereareanumberofreasonswhylightpollutionisimportant.OnehasbecomeclearattheMountWilsonObservatorynearLosAngeles,California.MountWilsonObservatorywashometothelargesttelescopesintheworldduringthefirsthalfoftheNineteenHundreds.Duringthatperiod,LosAngelesgrewtobecomeoneofAmerica’sbiggestcities.Today,lightfromLosAngelesmakesthenightskyaboveMountWilsonverybright.Itisnolongeranimportantresearchcentrebecauseoflightpollution.Lightpollutionthreatenstoreducethescientificvalueofresearchtelescopesinotherimportantobservatories.TheyincludeLickObservatorynearSanJose,CaliforniaandYerkesObservatorynearChicago,Illinois.Lightpollutionistheresultofwastedenergy.BrightlightthatshinesintotheskyisnotbeingusedtoprovidelightwhereitisneededonEarth.Poorlydesignedlightingcausesagreatdealoflightpollution.Lightsthatarebrighterthannecessaryalsocauselightpollution.Objectsinthenightskyareresourcesthatprovideeveryonewithwonder.Butlightpollutionthreatenstopreventthosewonderfulsightsfrombeingseen.1.Inthepassagethemainconcernofthewriteristhat______.A.toomuchenergyiswastedasaresultoftheuseoflightB.AmericanswillnolongerenjoythebeautifulsightofthesolarsystemC.lightpollutioninNorthAmericaismoreseriousthanthatinotherareasD.itbecomesmoredifficulttoobservestarsandplanetsinthenightskyasaresultoflightpollution2.ThemainpurposeoftheInternationalDark-SkyAssociationisto______.A.makethenightskybrightandprettyB.stoptheuseofelectriclightingC.preventtheoveruseofelectriclightingD.observestarsandplanetsthroughatelescope3.Oneofthereasonswhyreducinglightpollutionisimportantisthat______.A.thetelescopeinalltheobservatorieswillnotbeeffectiveatallduetolightpollutionB.lightpollutionthreatenstoreducethescientificvalueofresearchinsomeimportantresearchcentresC.itispossiblethattheworldmapwillbeunclearatlastD.thelightneededonEarthisn’tmadegooduseof4.Howmanyobservatoriesarementionedinthepassage?A.3. B.4. C.5. D.6.【答案】DCBA【解析】1.D。本文主要講了一種特殊的污染——燈光，它使得在許多地區(qū)的晚上觀察星星很難或不可能。2.C。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知。3.B。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知。4.A。它們分別是：MountWilsonObservatory,LickObservatory和YerkesObservatory。B（應(yīng)用文）Thefollowingactorsandactressesareamongthosewhohaveachievedgreatsuccessinacting.IngridBergman（1915-1982）Likemanyartists,thisSwedishactressleftwartimeEuropeforHollywood.Sheisrememberedforheractingtalentandherpure,simplebeauty.Shewasnominated（提名）forthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwontwice.GregoryPeck（1916-2003）GregoryPeckwasknownforhisheroicroles.HewasnominatedforthebestactorAcademyAwardfivetimesandwononceforToKillaMockingbird.PeckstarredinRomanHolidayandwasHepburn’slifelonggoodfriend.HelaterbecamepresidentoftheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesandheldthepositionforthreeyears.AudreyHepburn（1929-1993）BorntoafamilyofaBaroness（男爵夫人）andanEnglishbanker,Andreyspokesixlanguagesfluently.Sheisfamousforherelegantstyle.AudreyHepburnwasagraceful,dark-hairedbeautywithayouthful,livelylook.ShewasnominatedforthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwononceforstarringinRomanHoliday.TomHanks（1956-）TomHanksisnowoneofthemostpopularleadingactorsandbusiestproducersinHollywood.Heisknownforplayingcharacterswithwarmth,kindnessandhumor.Hewasnominatedthreetimesandwontwice.SomeofhismorefamousfilmsareForrestGump,CastawayandSleeplessinSeattle.JodieFoster（1962-）JodieFoster’sintelligenceshoweditselfwhenshetaughtherselftoreadatagethree.Shebeganhercareeratthistimeincommercials.ShemovedontoTVrolesandthentoherOscarnominatedperformanceinTaxiDriveratagefourteen.Shewentontobenominatedthreemoretimesandhaswontwice.JuliaRoberts（1967-）JuliaRobertsbeganherrisetofameafterwinningaGoldenGlobeawardforheractinginthefilmSteelMagnolias.ShehassincebeennominatedforthreeAcademyAwardsandwonone.HerfilmsareusuallyverysuccessfulandsheisnowconsideredbymanytobethemosthighlypaidactressinHollywood.40.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfroma_____.A.schoolreport B.websitearticleC.sciencemagazine D.newspapercolumn41.AudreyHepburnworkedwith_____inRomanHolidayandwontheAcademyAwardforBestActress.A.TomHanks B.IngridBergmanC.GregoryPeck D.JudieFoster42._____wonasmanyAcademyAwardsaseachotheraccordingtothepassage.A.JuliaRoberts,IngridBergmanandGregoryPeckB.IngridBergman,TomHanksandJodieFosterC.JodieFoster,AudreyHepburnandGregoryPeckD.TomHanks,AudreyHepburnandJuliaRoberts43.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.JodieFosterissotalentedthatshecanspeaksixforeignlanguages.B.JuliaRobertsearnsthemostamongtheactressesinHollywood.C.IngridBergmanlefthermotherlandduringtheWorldWarⅡ.D.AudreyHepburnwasbornintoawealthyfamily.【答案】40.D41.C42.B43.A【解析】本文為說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在演戲方面取得巨大成功的演員?！?0題詳解】推斷判斷題。文章主要介紹了在演戲方面取得巨大成功的幾位演員的情況以及他們的代表作品，所以判斷出這篇短文來(lái)自新聞專(zhuān)欄。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)GregoryPeck（1916-2003）部分中的“GregoryPeck...starredinRomanHolidayandwasHepburn’slifelonggoodfriend.”可知，GregoryPeck主演了《羅馬假日》，是AudreyHepburn一生的好朋友。再結(jié)合“AudreyHepburn（1929-1993）”部分中的“ShewasnominatedforthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwononceforstarringinRomanHoliday.”AudreyHepburn四次獲得奧斯卡最佳女主角提名，一次因主演《羅馬假日》而獲獎(jiǎng)。由此可推斷出AudreyHepburn在《羅馬假日》中與GregoryPeck合作，并獲得奧斯卡最佳女主角獎(jiǎng)。故選C。【42題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)IngridBergman（1915-1982）部分中的“Shewasnominated（提名）forthebestactressAcademyAwardfourtimesandwontwice.”可知，她四次獲得奧斯卡最佳女演員獎(jiǎng)提名，兩次獲獎(jiǎng)。“TomHanks（1956-）”部分中的“Hewasnominatedthreetimesandwontwice.”可知，他三次被提名奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)，兩次獲獎(jiǎng)。根據(jù)“JodieFoster（1962-）”中的“Shewentontobenominatedthreemoretimesandhaswontwice.”可知，JodieFoster她又獲得了三次提名，兩次獲獎(jiǎng)。由此可知，IngridBergman,TomHanksandJodieFoster三個(gè)人獲得奧斯卡獎(jiǎng)一樣多，B項(xiàng)符合題意，故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AudreyHepburn（1929-1993）”中的“BorntoafamilyofaBaroness（男爵夫人）andanEnglishbanker,Andreyspokesixlanguagesfluently.”可知，AudreyHepburn出生于一個(gè)男爵夫人（Baroness）和一位英國(guó)銀行家的家庭，能流利地說(shuō)六種語(yǔ)言?？芍錾阢y行家庭，即出生于富裕家家庭，會(huì)說(shuō)6種語(yǔ)言。故A（JodieFoster很有天賦，她能說(shuō)六種外語(yǔ)）是錯(cuò)誤的，D項(xiàng)（AudreyHepburn出生在一個(gè)富裕的家庭）是正確的。根據(jù)“JuliaRoberts（1967-）”中的“...sheisnowconsideredbymanytobethemosthighlypaidactressinHollywood.”可知，JuliaRoberts在好萊塢的女演員中收入最高，故B項(xiàng)（JuliaRoberts在好萊塢的女演員中收入最高）正確。根據(jù)“IngridBergman（1915-1982）”中的“Likemanyartists,thisSwedishactressleftwartimeEuropeforHollywood.”這位瑞典女演員離開(kāi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)的歐洲來(lái)到好萊塢?？芍珻項(xiàng)（英格麗德伯格曼在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間離開(kāi)了她的祖國(guó)）正確。故本題選A。C（記敘文）Anoldmanandhissonweredrivingtheirdonkeytoaneighboringfairtosellhim.Theyhadnotgonefarwhentheymetwithatroopofwomencollectedroundawell,talkingandlaughing"Lookthere,"criedoneofthem,"didyoueverseesuchfellows,tobetrudgingalongtheroadonfootwhentheymightride?"Theoldmanhearingthis,quicklymadehissonmountthedonkeyandcontinuedtowalkalongmerrilybyhisside.Presentlytheycameuptoagroupofoldmeninearnestdebate."There,"saidoneofthem"itproveswhatIwassaying.Whatrespectisshowntooldageinthesedays?Doyouseethatidleladridingwhilehisoldfatherhastowalk?Getdown,youyoungscapegrace,andlettheoldmanresthisexhaustedbody."Uponthistheoldmanmadehissondismount,andgotuphimself.Inthismannertheyhadnotproceededfarwhentheymetacompanyofwomenandchildren:"Why,youlazyoldfellow,"criedseveraltonguesatonce,"howcanyourideuponthebeast,whilethatpoorlittleyoungmantherecanhardlykeeppacebythesideofyou?"TheMillerimmediatelytookuphissonbehindhim.Theyhadnowalmostreachedthetown."Pray,honestfriend,"saidacitizen,"isthatdonkeyyourown?""Yes,"repliedtheoldman."O,onewouldnothavethoughtso,"saidtheother,"bythewayyouloadhim.Why,youtwofellowsarebetterabletocarrythepoorbeastthanheyou."So,alighting(落地)withhisson,theytiedthelegsofthedonkeytogetherandwiththehelpofapolestruggledtocarryhimontheirshouldersoverabridgeneartheentrancetothetown.Thisentertainingsightbroughtthepeopleincrowdstolaughatit,tllthedonkey,notlikingthenoisenorthestrangehandlingthathewassubjectto,broketheropesthatboundhimandfallingoffthepole,fellintotheriver.24.Whoactuallycausedtheoldman'sloss?A.Himself.B.Hisson.C.Thedonkey.D.Peoplewholaughedathim.25.Inwhatlogicalorderdidtheauthorarrangetheeventsinhisstory?A.Fromnegativetopositive.B.Fromreasonabletoabnormal.C.Fromimaginarytofactual.D.Fromrealistictoideal.26.Whatmainfeelingdoesthedonkeyhaveintheprocess?A.excitedB.relaxedC.confusedD.worried27.Whatlessoncanwelearnfromthisstory?A.Toomanycooksspoilthemeatsoup.B.Don'keepallyoureggsinonebasketball.C.Bytryingtopleaseeverybodyyoucanpleasenobody.D.Lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.【答案】ABCC【解析】文章講述了因過(guò)分在意他人的眼光，最終導(dǎo)致啼笑皆非結(jié)局的寓言故事。故事較為發(fā)人深省，蘊(yùn)含哲理。詳細(xì)解析：第24題A本題為主旨大意題。因?yàn)檫^(guò)分在意周遭人的目光與評(píng)價(jià)，老人不斷變換和驢子的位置關(guān)系，最終做出了較為荒誕的行為，丟失了自己的驢子。每次行為的主體都為老人，所以無(wú)論周到人的評(píng)價(jià)如何，導(dǎo)致最終結(jié)局的原因即為老人自身太過(guò)于在意周遭人的評(píng)價(jià)。故本題答案為A。第25題B本題為結(jié)構(gòu)分析題。通讀全文我們可知，最初人們的評(píng)價(jià)還比較符合情理，隨著文章推進(jìn)變得越來(lái)越荒誕，最后扛著驢走這一情節(jié)更增加了荒誕、不尋常的意味。也增加了哲理意味。故本題選擇B選項(xiàng)。第26題C本題為文意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容我們可知，老人不斷變換和驢的關(guān)系，最后甚至將驢抗在了自己的身上。這一舉動(dòng)本身就令人費(fèi)解，因此作為驢的角度應(yīng)該也是十分困惑的。通過(guò)局外人的視角來(lái)看，同樣可以感到困惑。故本題選擇C選項(xiàng)。第27題C本題為主旨大意題，同時(shí)考察對(duì)于習(xí)語(yǔ)的積累。A選項(xiàng)表示因參與的人過(guò)多而導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果，也就是漢語(yǔ)里常說(shuō)的“人多誤事”。但本文的主體為theoldman。B選項(xiàng)表示不要孤注一擲；C選項(xiàng)表示如果你想要取悅身邊的所有人，到頭來(lái)你可能誰(shuí)也取悅不了；D選項(xiàng)意為“生活就是當(dāng)你忙于制定其他計(jì)劃時(shí)發(fā)生的事情”，也即“當(dāng)我們?yōu)樯钇Ｓ诒济鼤r(shí),生活已經(jīng)離我們遠(yuǎn)去?！蓖ㄗx全文，C選項(xiàng)最為符合題意。D（議論文）Manyofusarequicktoblameothersforhowwefeel:"Hemakesmesomad!"or"hereallyhurtmyfeelings."Butdidsomeonereally"makemeangry"orarewefeelingtheangerinusgettingkickedupinresponsetothewaysomeonebehavedtowardsus?Thedifferencebetweenthetwoisinwhotheresponsiblepartyisforthewaywefeel.Ifweblameothersforourfeelingswewillfinallyfeelreasonableatwhateverourretaliation（報(bào)復(fù)）mybe,andwewillexplainthatitwastheirfault,notours."Theyweredrivingmemad".Whenweblameothersforthewaywefeelwehaveinfactgivenpowertoothersforthestateofouremotionalwell-being.Thetruthis,noonecontrolsourfeelingsbutus.Ifwearefindingthatpeopleinourlivesreallyknowhowto"pushourbuttons（meansmakeusangry）"thenwearenotdoingagoodenoughjobatprotectingour"buttons."Wearetheonesleavingourbuttonsoutintheopensothatotherpeoplecan"pushthem."Ultimately,theswitchforourbuttonsisinsideus-notontheoutside.Whiletherearesomethingsinlifethatareclearlyoutofourcontrol,liketheweatheroraflightthat'stwohourslate,howweactandrespondtootherpeople'sbehaviorisnotamongthem.Ourresponsestoothersarewellwithinourcontrol.Ifsomeoneis"makingus"somad,forexample,thatwegetangry,wearenotdoingenoughtolearnaboutwhatdrivesourangerandhowtoproperlycopewithit.Mysuggestionistakingtimebeforeyougetangry.andputtingsomeworkintotakinganinventory（清單）ofthepast.Aninventorycanshowyouhowmuchofyourpastexperiencesinfluenceyourfeelingreactionsinthecurrentmoment.Whenwefinallyrealizethatsomuchofourpresentfeelingsandreactionsaredrivenfromwithinourselvesandourownpastexperiences,wewillbereadytomakethechangesinourlivesthatwillbettersecureourbuttonssothattheyarenolongerleftoutinpubicforeveryonetopushatwill.12．Whatresultwillappearifweblameothersforouremotions?A．Weconsiderotherstobecorrect.B．Weconsiderourselvestobecorrect.C．Weconsiderweweredrivingourselvesmad.D．Weconsidertheyweredrivingthemselvesmad.13．What'stheauthor'attitudetowardsfeelings?A．Weshouldblameothersforthewaywefeel.B．Weshouldenableotherstocontrolourfeelings.C．WeshouldletothersknowourdailylifeclearlyD．Weshouldcontrolpersonalfeelingsourselves.14．Accordingtotheauthor,whichcanalwaysbeunderourcontrol?A．Ourownbehavior. B．ThedelayofaflightC．Otherpeople'sfeelings. D．Theweatherconditions.15．Whichproverbbestsuitstheauthor'sadviceinParagraph5?A．Aburdenofone'schoiceisnotfelt. B．Thinktwicebeforeacting.C．Afriendiseasierlostthanfound. D．Agoodbeginningishalfdone.【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．B【解析】本文為議論文。我們把自己的憤怒歸咎于他人，但是，到底是別人的行為讓我們生氣，還是我們自己激發(fā)了內(nèi)心的憤怒來(lái)回應(yīng)別人對(duì)我們的行為?事實(shí)上，除了我們自己，沒(méi)有人能控制我們的情緒。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Ifweblameothersforourfeelingswewilleventuallyfeelreasonableatwhateverourretaliation（報(bào)復(fù)）maybe，andwewillexplainthatitwastheirfault，notours.可知如果我們把自己的情緒歸咎于他人，我們將會(huì)辯稱(chēng)這是他們的錯(cuò)，不是我們的。選項(xiàng)B：我們認(rèn)為自己是正確的。符合題意，故選B。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的Thetruthis，noonecontrolsourfeelingsbutus.可知，除了我們自己，沒(méi)有人能控制我們的感情，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。故選D。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Whiletherearesomethingsinlifethatareclearlyoutofourcontrol，…，howweactandrespondtootherpeople'sbehaviorisnotamongthem.Ourresponsestoothersarewellwithinourcontrol.可知，雖然生活中有一些事情是我們無(wú)法控制的，我們自己的行為完全在我們的控制之中。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。故選A。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Mysuggestionistakingtimebeforeyougetangry.andputtingsomeworkintotakinganinventory（清單）ofthepast.Aninventorycanshowyouhowmuchofyourpastexperiencesinfluenceyourfeelingreactionsinthecurrentmoment.可知，作者建議在你生氣之前先慢下來(lái)，花點(diǎn)時(shí)間盤(pán)點(diǎn)一下過(guò)去。選項(xiàng)B.Thinktwicebeforeacting（三思而后行）符合題意，故選B。1Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicthatinstructandinspirepeople.Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltage（電壓）transformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomdotheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?Heroesarecatalysts（催化劑）forchange.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr,wemightstillhavesegregated（隔離的）buses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertainandthecommitteemeetingsendless.56.Althoughheroesmaycomefromdifferentcultures,they.A.generallypossesscertaininspiringcharacteristicsB.probablysharesomeweaknessesofordinarypeopleC.areofteninfluencedbypreviousgenerationsD.allunknowinglyattractalargenumberoffans57.Accordingtothepassage,heroesarecomparedtohigh-voltagetransformersinthat.A.theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintopB.theyhavewarmfeelingsandemotionsC.theycanserveasempoweringexamplesofnobleprinciplesD.theycanmakeallpeoplefeelstrongerandmoreconfident58.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarenotconsideredheroesbecause.A.theyarepopularonlyamongcertaingroupsofpeopleB.theirperformancesdonotimprovetheirfansmorallyC.theirprimaryconcernistheirownfinancialinterestsD.theyarenotclearabouttheprinciplestheyshouldfollow59.GandhiandMartinLutherKingaretypicalexamplesofoutstandingleaderswho.A.aregoodatdemonstratingtheircharmingcharactersB.canmovethemasseswiththeskillandthecharmC.arecapableofmeetingallchallengesandhardshipsD.canprovideananswertotheproblemsoftheirpeople60.Theauthorconcludesthathistoricalchangeswould.A.bedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalqualitiesB.nothappenwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarysacrificesC.takeplaceiftherewereheroestoleadthepeopleD.produceleaderswithattractivepersonalities【答案】56.A57.C58.B59.B60.A【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。文章講述了英雄具備的特點(diǎn)，即不管在哪中文化中，英雄們普遍具有許多指導(dǎo)和啟發(fā)人們的特征，因此他們是不同于單純的名人的?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicthatinstructandinspirepeople.”可知，盡管文化差異巨大，但世界各地的英雄們普遍具有許多指導(dǎo)和啟發(fā)人們的特征。因此，盡管英雄可能來(lái)自不同的文化，但他們通常具有某些啟發(fā)他人的特征。故選A?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltage（電壓）transformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.”可知，英雄服務(wù)于高于其自身的權(quán)力或準(zhǔn)則，如同高壓變壓器一樣，把這些權(quán)力和準(zhǔn)則的所帶來(lái)的利益?zhèn)鬟f給普通民眾。故選C?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?”可知，如果他們只是為自己的名聲服務(wù)，那么他們可能是名人，而不是英雄。麥當(dāng)娜和邁克爾·杰克遜是出名的，但誰(shuí)能說(shuō)他們的粉絲發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的生活變得更充實(shí)了呢？因此，麥當(dāng)娜和邁克爾·杰克遜不被視為英雄，因?yàn)樗麄兊谋硌莶⒉荒軓牡赖律蠟榉劢z提供改善生活所需要的精神動(dòng)力。故選B。【59題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr,wemightstillhavesegregated（隔離的）buses,restaurants,andparks.”可知，英雄具有感召群眾的技巧和魅力。他們創(chuàng)造了新的可能性。沒(méi)有甘地，印度可能仍然是大英帝國(guó)的一部分。沒(méi)有羅莎·帕克斯和馬丁·路德·金，人們可能仍然要面對(duì)隔離的公共汽車(chē)，飯店和公園。因此，甘地和馬丁·路德·金是杰出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，原因在于他們具有感召群眾的技巧和魅力。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertainandthecommitteemeetingsendless.”可知，沒(méi)有具有吸引人民群眾的個(gè)人品質(zhì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的大型變革可能會(huì)發(fā)生，但是變革的步伐會(huì)很慢，愿景不確定，委員會(huì)的會(huì)議無(wú)休止地開(kāi)下去。甘地和馬丁·路德·金是杰出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，他們可以用技巧和魅力來(lái)打動(dòng)群眾。由此作者得出結(jié)論，歷史的變化將會(huì)被推遲如果沒(méi)有具有啟發(fā)性個(gè)人品質(zhì)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。故選A。2.ToensureanexcellentexperienceduringyourtouroftheMarkTwainHouse,herearesomeguidelinesandgeneralinformation:TheHouseisShownOnlybyGuidedTour.Toensureanoptimum(最佳)experience,housetoursarelimitedto14people,first-come,first-served.Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call(860)280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit.Ifyouhaveapartyoffewerthan10peoplefeelfreetopurchaseticketsonline:WewillholdthematWillCall.Thetourscheduleisusuallyonlineaboutamonthinadvance.OursiteismadeupofthreebuildingsTheWebsterBankMuseumCenterattheMarkTwainHouse&Museumisalwaysyourfirstandlaststopasithousesourticketcountermuseumstore,film,exhibitsandcafe.AlltoursgatherinthemuseumcenterbeforeheadingovertoMarkTwain’shistoric1874home.MarkTwain’shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic.Thehayloft(干草棚)hasbeenrepurposedintoofficesandthemainfloorofthebarnisaspaceavailableforrentforpartiesandmeetings.Coupons&DiscountsTheMarkTwainHouseoffersonlyafewcouponsanddiscounts.ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture.Ifyouareluckyenoughtofindoneofthosespecialoffersonlineoratyourlocallibrary,keepinmindtheyaregoodonlyforthegeneralMarkTwainHouseTours.Nopassesordiscountsmaybeappliedtoourspecialtytours.1.Whatkindoftourbookedbeforehandenjoysadiscount?A.Specialtytour.B.GuidedtourC.Grouptourwith9people.D.Grouptourwith13people.2.Whichplaceisnotavailabletotourists?A.TheWebsterBankMuseumCenter.B.MarkTwain’shistoriccarriagehouse.C.Thehayloft.D.MarkTwain’shistoric1874home.3.Whatisthepurposeofchargingadmissionfees?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Towellpreservethehouse.C.TosupportMarkTwain’sfamily.D.Toofferpartiesandmeetings.【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了參觀馬克·吐溫故居的指南和信息。1.D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ifyourgrouphasmorethan10people,call(860)280-3130toreserveadiscountedgrouptourinadvanceofyourvisit.”可知，如果您的團(tuán)體人數(shù)超過(guò)10人，請(qǐng)?jiān)谀鷧⒂^之前致電（860）280-3130預(yù)訂折扣的團(tuán)體游，由此可知，13人旅行團(tuán)提前預(yù)定可以享受折扣，故D項(xiàng)正確。2.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“MarkTwain’shistoriccarriagehouseisthethirdbuildingonourproperty,butisgenerallynotopentothepublic.”可知，馬克·吐溫的馬車(chē)屋是不對(duì)游客開(kāi)放的，故B項(xiàng)正確。3.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“ThepriceyoupayforadmissionhelpsusmaintainthebeautyofthisiconofAmericanarchitecture.”可知，你們的入場(chǎng)費(fèi)用幫助我們保持這個(gè)美國(guó)標(biāo)志性建筑——馬克·吐溫故居的美麗，由此可知，收取入場(chǎng)費(fèi)的目的是保護(hù)好馬克·吐溫故居，故B項(xiàng)正確。3.Idecidedat10thatIwasgoingtobeateacherbecauseIhadaburningdesireforsuperpowers.Asaboy,Icouldclearlyseesomeofmyteachershadextraordinarypowers.TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytransportustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.Thiswasoursecretandfuntimebecausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadouttothem.Itwasevenshockingthatmyteachercouldseetheinvisible.Iwasoneofthosewholackedinsight,Yetmyteacherwouldnoticemeandtheunspokenmessageinhereyessuggestedthatshecouldseemethrough.Shehadanothersuperpowerandevenafterfourdecades,Icouldstillvividlyrememberherlessonsaboutthegreatmastersofartandgreatgeographers,expandingourhorizons.Shedidthiseventhoughhermajorwasnotart,norgeography.HerlessonswentbeyondthetextbookIknewIwantedtobeoneofthoseall-seeingoneswithsuperpowersthatmadechildrenfeelsafeandvalued.Iknowbeingateacherisn'ttheeasiestorthemostfinanciallyrewardingofjobs.Andthereareoccupationalrisks-yourkneescanbecomewornoutfromyearsofcarryingpilesofnotebooksupanddowntheschoolstaircase,yourvoicecangiveinfromtoomuchtalking.Butdespiteallthat,therearethosechoosingthiscause.Tothem,teachingisnotjustajob-itisascience,anartandacraft,anditdemandsemotionallabourandinvestment.Allmylife,forthreedecadesnow,I'vegonetoworkearlyeachdaywithaspringinmystep.Occasionally,Imeetmyformerstudents.Theirobviousloveformeandfondmemoriesofourtimetogetheraremyrewards.WhenImeetotherswhothirstforsuperpowers,likethebrandnewteacherstrugglingtoperfectherskillswithabravefaceon,ortheoneinaremote,ruralschooltravelling70kilometerseachdayjustforhispupils,Ifeelproudtobelongtothesamegroup.4．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestoriesfromparagraph2?A．Theyweretoldinamagicway. B．Theywerewrittenbytheteacher.C．Theycontainedsomestudents'funsecrets. D．Theyleftthestudentswithhappymemories.5．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheEnglishteacher?A．Ambitiousandgenerous. B．Hard-workingandwealthy.C．Caringandmodest. D．Well-informedandobservant.6．Whatdoweknowabouttheauthorasateacher?A．Hesufferedalotinhiskneesandvoice.B．Hethoughtteachingwasmorethanspreadingknowledge.C．Hehadsomeideasofhowtobeateacheratayoungage.D．Hewasrewardedwithmuchmoneyforhisdevotionatschool.7．Whatcanbeconcludedaboutbeingateacherfromthetext?A．Withonethousandtimesforthepeachgardensweet.B．Teachersleadthedoor,progressintheindividual.C．Inscholarshipthereisnodifferenceofage.D．Learningwithoutateacherishardtogain.【答案】4．D5．D6．B7．A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者回憶了童年時(shí)期對(duì)老師的敬佩，認(rèn)為老師有超能力。后來(lái)作者夢(mèng)想成真，做了老師，很快樂(lè)，很驕傲。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“TherewasanEnglishteacherinfifthgradewhocouldmagicallytransportustodifferentworldseverydaybytellingusstoriesandreadingtousfrombookswewouldotherwiseneverpickup.Thiswasoursecretandfuntimebecausefifthgraderswereconsideredtoooldtohavestoriesreadouttothem.”（五年級(jí)有一位英語(yǔ)老師，她每天給我們講故事，給我們讀一些我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)讀