廣東省四校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考+英語試卷（含答案）

華附、省實、廣雅、深中2022級高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，共12頁，滿分150分，考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的校名、姓名、考號、座位號等相關(guān)信息填寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案；不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。第一部分選擇題（共95分）一、單項選擇（共15個小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）根據(jù)題意，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1.Aftermonthsofhardworkandpreparation,thecompanyfinallysawitsbusiness________,attractingnumerousinvestments.A.takeup B.takeover C.takeoff D.takein【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：經(jīng)過數(shù)月的努力和準備，該公司終于看到了生意的騰飛，吸引了大量投資。A.takeup占用；B.takeover接管；C.takeoff(事業(yè))騰飛；D.takein理解。根據(jù)句中“attractingnumerousinvestments”可知，公司吸引了大量投資，此處表示公司的生意騰飛了。故選C。2.________intheplanningprocessforthegroupprojectwillleaveteammembersfeelingdisconnectedandunproductive.A.Notinvolving B.NotinvolvedC.Nothavinginvolved D.Notbeinginvolved【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查固定短語和動名詞。句意：不參與團隊項目的計劃過程會讓團隊成員感到疏離和低效?！癰einvolvedin”意為“參與”，謂語動詞是“willleave”，使用動名詞短語作主語，動名詞的否定形式是在它的前面加not。故選D。3.Itisreportedthatanewwildlifeconservationareahasbeenestablishedin________wasonceknownfordeforestationtoprotectendangeredspecies.A.what B.which C.how D.where【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：據(jù)報道，為了保護瀕危物種，在曾經(jīng)以砍伐森林而聞名的地區(qū)建立了一個新的野生動物保護區(qū)。本空引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句缺少主語，指物，意為：……的地方，應(yīng)用連接代詞what引導(dǎo)。故選A。4.________ahealthyeatinghabit,andyoucanfeelmoreenergeticandimproveyourwell-being.A.Have B.Tohave C.Having D.Had【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查固定句型。句意：養(yǎng)成健康的飲食習(xí)慣，你會感到更有活力，改善你的健康狀況。本句使用“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型，所以逗號前為祈使句，省略主語you，將動詞原形形式置于句首。故選A。5.________uniqueproject,________ofaseriesofexperiments,isdesignedtoinvestigatethepotentialofAIinidentifyingmedicalconditions.A.An;consists B.A;consists C.An;consisting D.A;consisting【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查冠詞和非謂語動詞。句意：一個由一系列實驗組成的獨特項目旨在研究人工智能在識別醫(yī)療狀況方面的潛力。unique是輔音音素開頭的單詞，前邊應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，句中已有謂語isdesigned，第二空作非謂語動詞，consist與邏輯主語project之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。故選D。6.Thethrillingmoment________Susancherishesmostis________shereachedthepeakofthemountainandappreciatedtheuntouchedwildernessbelow.A.that;when B.which;why C.where;when D.what;why【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句和表語從句。句意：蘇珊最珍惜的激動人心的時刻是當(dāng)她到達山頂，欣賞下面未被觸及的荒野時。第一空引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Thethrillingmoment，先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)從句，第二空引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中缺少時間狀語，應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)從句。故選A。7.ThenewGuangzhouCulturalMuseum,________acollectionofhistoricalrelicsfromvariousdynasties,________visitorswithitsrichculturalheritage.A.housing;collects B.featuring;attracts C.displayed;gathers D.contained;fascinates【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞和動詞詞義辨析。句意：新建的廣州文化博物館以收藏歷代歷史文物為特色，以其豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)吸引著游客。A.housing收藏；collects收集；B.featuring以……為特色；attracts吸引；C.displayed展示；gathers聚集，收集；D.contained包含；fascinates使……著迷。第一空需填非謂語動詞，ThenewGuangzhouCulturalMuseum和所填詞為邏輯主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，排除C項和D項；第二空，根據(jù)“withitsrichculturalheritage”可知，表示吸引游客，排除A項。故選B。8.Bythetimeshe________nextyear,Sarah________threeinternships,givingherastrongfoundationforhercareerinfinance.A.graduate;willcomplete B.graduates;willhavecompletedC.graduated;willbecompleted D.graduating;willbecompleting【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：到明年畢業(yè)時，Sarah將完成三次實習(xí)，為她的金融職業(yè)生涯打下堅實的基礎(chǔ)。bythetime引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，從句主語是she，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式graduates，主句表示截止到將來某個時間已經(jīng)完成的動作，應(yīng)用將來完成時，即willhavecompleted。故選B。9.________mutualunderstanding,culturalexchangeprograms________amongthecountriesparticipatinginthemeetingcurrently.A.Strengthening;isintroduced B.Strengthened;isbeingintroducedC.Havingstrengthened;areintroduced D.Tostrengthen;arebeingintroduced【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞和時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：為了加強相互了解，目前正在參加會議的國家之間引入文化交流項目。根據(jù)時間狀語currently可知，句子描述現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時，introduce與主語culturalexchangeprograms之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，且主語culturalexchangeprograms是復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞使用are，所以第二空填寫arebeingintroduced，結(jié)合語意，文化交流項目被引入是為了加強相互了解，所以第一空使用動詞不定式形式作目的狀語。故選D。10.________theweatherislike,themarathonwillcontinueasplanned,withparticipants________toprepareforrainorshine.A.Whatever;advised B.However;advisedC.Nomatterwhat;beingadvised D.Nomatterhow;beingadvised【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查讓步狀語從句和非謂語動詞。句意：無論天氣如何，馬拉松比賽都將按計劃繼續(xù)進行，建議參賽者做好風(fēng)雨無阻的準備。第一空引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，且從句中缺少like的賓語，應(yīng)用whatever或nomatterwhat引導(dǎo)從句，第二空，with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，結(jié)合語意，advise與賓語participants之間是邏輯被動關(guān)系，且表示這一動作已經(jīng)完成，應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作賓語補足語。故選A。11.Arecentsurvey________60%ofUSrespondentsbelievedsocialmediaplatformswereevolvingtoofast,________80%urgedcautioninintroducingnewfeatures.A.shows,since B.hasshown,so C.showed,while D.hadshown,as【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和連詞。句意：最近的一項調(diào)查顯示，60%的美國受訪者認為社交媒體平臺發(fā)展太快，而80%的受訪者敦促在引入新功能時保持謹慎。A.shows,since顯示，自從；B.hasshown,so顯示，所以；C.showed,while顯示，而；D.hadshown,as顯示，由于。根據(jù)句中believed和urged可知，句子描述過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時，第一空動詞使用過去式形式showed，結(jié)合語意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，60%ofUSrespondentsbelievedsocialmediaplatformswereevolvingtoofast和80%urgedcautioninintroducingnewfeatures之間是對比關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞while連接。故選C。12.________dataleakshavebecomemorecommon,worriesaboutprivacyaregrowing,andthechance________aperson’sprivatedetailsareatriskisgettinghigher.A.Giventhat;whether B.Nowthat;thatC.Butthat;whether D.Exceptthat;that【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查原因狀語從句和同位語從句。句意：由于數(shù)據(jù)泄露變得越來越普遍，對隱私的擔(dān)憂也在增加，一個人的私人信息面臨風(fēng)險的可能性也越來越高。A.Giventhat;whether鑒于，是否；B.Nowthat;that由于，那；C.Butthat;whether但是，是否；D.Exceptthat；that除此之外，那。結(jié)合語意可知，由于數(shù)據(jù)泄露變得普遍，所以對隱私的擔(dān)憂在增加，所以第一空應(yīng)用nowthat引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，第二空引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明名詞chance的內(nèi)容，且從句中不缺少成分以及意義，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)從句。故選B。13.Theinformationboard________thatalldrones(無人機)under250gramsmustberegisteredwiththelocalflightagencybefore________inpublicareas.A.reads;flew B.read;beingflown C.reads;flying D.read;flying【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和動名詞。句意：信息板上寫著，所有250克以下的無人機必須在當(dāng)?shù)仫w行機構(gòu)注冊后才能在公共區(qū)域飛行。read表示信息板上寫著或顯示著某個內(nèi)容，句子描述的為法規(guī)，使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，主語Theinformationboard為單數(shù)意義，read使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式；before為介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。故選C。14.________governmentshaveaddressedtheproblemofaffordablehousing________theircommitmenttoprovidingaccessiblelivingoptionsforallcitizensA.What;reflects B.That;reflects C.There;reflected D.Whether;reflected【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查主語從句和時態(tài)。句意：政府已經(jīng)解決了經(jīng)濟適用房問題，這反映了他們?yōu)樗泄裉峁o障礙生活選擇的承諾。第一空引導(dǎo)主語從句，且從句中不缺少成分以及意義，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)從句，置于句首，首字母大寫，第二空作主句謂語，根據(jù)句中haveaddressed可知，主句描述現(xiàn)在的一般情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句作主語，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。公眾號：高中試卷君15.NovelsbyauthorssuchasDickensandAustenarewidelyread,someof________works,however,aresometimesdifficult________.A.which,tocomprehend B.whose,tocomprehendC.which,tobecomprehended D.whose,tobecomprehended【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句和非謂語動詞。句意：狄更斯和奧斯汀等作家的小說被廣泛閱讀，但其中一些作品有時很難理解。第一空處為“someof+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞DickensandAusten，先行詞與works之間為所屬關(guān)系，所以空處應(yīng)用whose引導(dǎo)從句，“主語+be+形容詞+todo”為固定句型，表示“……做某事是……的”，所以第二空應(yīng)用動詞不定式形式，且本句型中不定式使用主動形式表示被動意義。故選B。二、閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthefemalepioneersthey’renamedafter.JonesTerraceTheice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJones’name.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFiennes8,202-foot-highMountFiennes,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland—isnamedafterGinnyFiennes.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.In1985,FiennesbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.16.Whatdothefirsttwopioneershaveincommon?A.TheyanalyzeddifferentchemicalsofrocksinAntarctica.B.TheybothworkedwiththeirownteaminAntarctica.C.Theyconductedtheresearchintheice-freeareasinAntarctica.D.TheyjoinedtheAntarcticClubfortheirstayinAntarctica.17.WhoprovedtheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctic?A.LoisM.Jones. B.GinnyFiennes.C.DameJaneFrancis. D.IrenePeden.18.WhatisthescientificbreakthroughofIrenePeden?A.ShewasthefirstAmericanscientisttoexploretheAntarctic.B.Shemeasuredthespreadingfrequenciesofradiowaves.C.ShefoundoutthethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.D.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.【答案】16.B17.C18.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四位女性在探索南極洲方面取得的成就?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheU.S.toworkinAntarctica.JonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweatheringintheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.(1969年，地球化學(xué)家LoisM.Jones帶領(lǐng)美國第一個全女性研究小組在南極洲工作。Jones和她的團隊研究了南極洲無冰地區(qū)麥克默多干谷的化學(xué)風(fēng)化作用。)”和第三段的“Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarcticwithhercolleagues.(她和同事們在南極建立并維護了80英尺高的無線電發(fā)射塔。)”可知，LoisM.Jones領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了第一個在南極洲工作的美國全女性研究小組，GinnyFiennes和她的同事們一起在南極洲建立和維護無線電發(fā)射塔。由此可知，前兩位先驅(qū)的共同之處在于她們都和自己的團隊一起在南極洲工作。故選B。【17題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“The3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.

HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(這座位于南極洲阿德萊德島上的3727英尺高的山峰是以DameJaneFrancis的名字命名的，她是英國南極調(diào)查局的第一位女性主任。她在西摩島收集的化石幫助她在2021年的一篇論文中得出結(jié)論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸曾經(jīng)有過比現(xiàn)在溫暖得多的氣候。)”可知，DameJaneFrancis根據(jù)在西摩島收集的化石得出結(jié)論，南極洲曾經(jīng)的氣候比現(xiàn)在暖和得多，因此DameJaneFrancis證明了南極以前的高溫。故選C?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavespreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(Peden和她的團隊通過測量冰中的路徑來確定低頻無線電波是如何在極長距離傳播的。她們還使用不同的無線電波頻率來測量南極洲冰蓋的厚度。)”可知，IrenePeden利用無線電波得出南極洲冰蓋的厚度。故選C。BCanadianauthorAliceMunro,amasterofthecontemporaryshortstory,passedawayonMay13,2024,at92.Munro’stextsfeatureddepictionsofeverydaybutdecisiveevents,pullingvastthemesoutofordinarysettings.HercharactersoftenmirroredherownruralOntariolifestyle.InaninterviewafterwinningtheNobelPrize,shesaidthatlivinginasmalltowngaveherthefreedomtowrite.“Idon’tthinkIcouldhavebeensobraveifIhadbeenlivinginacity,competingwithpeopleonwhatcanbecalledagenerallyhigherculturallevel,”shesaid.“AsfarasIknew,atleastforawhile,IwastheonlypersonIknewwhowrotestories.”Munro’sfirstshortstorywaspublishedwhenshewas37,acollegedropoutsqueezinginwritingtimearoundherchildren’snaps.Bythetimeshewasinher60s,shehadbecomeoneofthemostcelebratedshort-storywritersintheworld.Throughoutherlongcareer,shehardlyeverfailedtowowreadersandcriticswithherquietlypowerfullanguage.Inreviewingherlastcollection,DearLife,NPRcriticAlanCheusewrote“AMunrostorygivesussomuchlifewithintheboundsofasingletalethatitnourishes(滋養(yǎng))usalmostasmuchasanoveldoes.”Inaliteraryculturethattendstocelebratenovelsovershorterfiction,Munrohasbeenaconstantadvocateforthepoweroftheshortstory.Intheinterview,Munroemphasizedthesignificanceofherwinnotforherself,butforherartform:“Ireallyhopethiswouldmakepeopleseetheshortstoryasanimportantart,notjustsomethingyouplayaroundwithuntilyougetanovelwritten.”Whenasked“Doyouwantyoungwomentobeinspiredbyyourbooksandfeelinspiredtowrite?”Munroreplied,“Idon’tcareaboutthat.Iwantpeopletofindnotsomuchinspirationasgreatjoy.Iwantthemtothinkofmybooksasrelatedtotheirownlivesinways.”19.WhydidMunrofeelfreetowritewhilelivinginruralareas?A.Shewasinspiredbyrurallandscapeandlifestyles.B.Shewasfreefromstressofamoreculturedsetting.C.Shehadmorecouragetocompetewithurbanwriters.DShehadaccesstoordinarypeopleanddecisiveevents.20.WhatdidAlanCheusesayaboutMunro’sstoriesinDearLife?A.Theypromotereaders’mentalwell-being.B.Theyhavebrokenthelengthlimitofshortstories.C.Theyimpressreaderswithquietlypowerfullanguage.D.Theyofferrichnessanddepthinshorterformat.21.HowdidMunroviewtheshortstoryinliteraryculture?A.Itismorepowerfulthannovels. B.Itisawayofentertainmentforyoungwriters.C.Itisasimportantanartformasnovels. D.Itisaninspirationforyoungwriters.22.WhatdidMunrowantreaderstogetbyreadingherbooks?A.Inspirationtobecomewritersthemselves.B.Enjoymentandconnectiontotheirownlives.C.Pleasureandmotivationtochangetheirlives.D.Informationaboutartformsandliteraryculture.【答案】19.B20.D21.C22.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了加拿大作家愛麗絲·門羅（AliceMunro）的生平和她在短篇小說領(lǐng)域的卓越貢獻。【19題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InaninterviewafterwinningtheNobelPrize,shesaidthatlivinginasmalltowngaveherthefreedomtowrite.“Idon’tthinkIcouldhavebeensobraveifIhadbeenlivinginacity,competingwithpeopleonwhatcanbecalledagenerallyhigherculturallevel,”shesaid.“AsfarasIknew,atleastforawhile,IwastheonlypersonIknewwhowrotestories.”(在獲得諾貝爾獎后的一次采訪中，她說住在小鎮(zhèn)給了她寫作的自由。她說：“如果我生活在一個城市，與人們在所謂的更高文化水平上競爭，我想我不會這么勇敢?！薄皳?jù)我所知，至少在一段時間內(nèi)，我是我認識的唯一一個寫故事的人。”)”可知，門羅在農(nóng)村生活時可以自由寫作，這是由于她不需要與更高文化水平的人們競爭，這免去了她的壓力。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inreviewingherlastcollection,DearLife,NPRcriticAlanCheusewrote“AMunrostorygivesussomuchlifewithintheboundsofasingletalethatitnourishes(滋養(yǎng))usalmostasmuchasanoveldoes.”(在評論她的上一部作品集《親愛的生活》時，美國國家公共電臺評論家AlanCheuse寫道：“門羅的故事在一個故事的范圍內(nèi)給了我們?nèi)绱硕嗟纳?，它幾乎和小說一樣滋養(yǎng)著我們?！?”可知，AlanCheuse認為門羅作品集《親愛的生活》中的故事即使在較短的篇幅中也提供了豐富的內(nèi)容和深度，幾乎像小說一樣滋養(yǎng)讀者。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Ireallyhopethiswouldmakepeopleseetheshortstoryasanimportantart,notjustsomethingyouplayaroundwithuntilyougetanovelwritten.(我真地希望這能讓人們把短篇小說視為一種重要的藝術(shù)，而不僅僅是你在寫小說之前玩的東西)”可知，門羅認為短篇小說也需要被視為一種重要的藝術(shù)，即它和小說一樣重要。故選C?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Idon’tcareaboutthat.Iwantpeopletofindnotsomuchinspirationasgreatjoy.Iwantthemtothinkofmybooksasrelatedtotheirownlivesinways.(我不在乎。我希望人們找到的與其說是靈感，不如說是巨大的快樂。我希望他們認為我的書在某種程度上與他們自己的生活有關(guān))”可知，門羅希望人們通過閱讀她的書獲得巨大的快樂，并且希望人們認為她的書與自己的生活有關(guān)，即門羅希望讀者享受并與自己的生活產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系。故選B。CHandwritingnotesinclassmightseemold-fashionedasdigitaltechnologyaffectsnearlyeveryaspectoflearning.ButarecentstudyinFrontiersinPsychologysuggeststhattakingnoteswithpenandpaperisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Thenewresearchbuildsona2014studythatsuggestedpeoplemaytypenotesquickly,withoutthinkingmuchaboutwhatthey’rewriting-butwritingbyhandisslowerandmakesthemactivelypayattentiontoandprocesstheincominginformation.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingonexistingknowledgecanmakeiteasierforstudentstostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.Tounderstandspecificbrain-activitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theauthorsofthenewstudysewed256electrodes(電極)intoahairnet.Thesesensorsletthescientistsrecord36students’brainactivityastheywroteortypedwordsdisplayedonascreen.Whenstudentswrotebyhand,thesensorspickedupwidespreadbrainconnectivitythroughoutvisualregionsthatreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(運動皮層)thathelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.Typing,however,resultedinminimalactivityinthesebrainregions.VanderbiltUniversityeducationalneuroscientistSophiaVinci-Boohersaystherecentstudyhighlightsthecleartiebetweenphysicalactionsandconceptunderstanding,“Asyou’rewritingaword,you’retakingthiscontinuousunderstandingofsomethingandusingmotorsystemtocreateit.”Thatcreationthenaffectsthevisualsystem,whereit’sprocessedagain-strengtheningtheconnectionbetweenanactionandthewordsassociatedwithit.Vinci-Boohernotesthatthenewfindingsdon’tmeantechnologyisalwaysadisadvantageintheclassroom.Digitaldevicescanbemoreefficientforwritingessaysandoffermoreequalaccesstoeducationalresources.However,there’sagrowingtrendofrelyingondigitaldevicestoperformcognitive(認知的)tasks,suchastakingphotosinsteadofmemorizinginformation.YadurshanaSivashankar,anresearcherattheUniversityofWaterloosays,“Ifwe’renotactivelyusingtheseareas,thentheyaregoingtobecomeworseovertime,whetherit’smemoryormotorskills.”23.Whydoestheauthormentionthe2014study?A.Topresentdifferentresearchfindings. B.TomakethenewresearchmoreconvincingC.Tocomparetwonotetakingapproaches. D.Toshowtheadvantageofwritingslowly24.WhatcanbelearnedfromtheexperimentinParagraph3?A.Sensorswereusedtoprocessvisualinformation.B.Electrodeswereconnectedtostudents’hairdirectly.C.Writingbyhandactivatedmorebrainactivitythantyping.D.Typingstimulatedthemotorcortextoinformfollowingaction.25.WhatwouldSophiaVinci-Booherprobablyadvisestudentstodo?A.Makebetteruseofmotorsystem. B.Takeadvantageofdigitaldevices.C.Adoptanewapproachtotakingnotes. D.Memorizewordsbywritingessays.26.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Technologyisnotadisadvantageinclassroom.B.Writingbyhandcomeswithlearningbenefits.C.Takingnotesenhancesstudents’brainactivity.D.Twonote-takingapproacheshavecleardifferences.【答案】23.B24.C25.D26.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項研究表明手寫筆記能增強學(xué)習(xí)效果，尤其是對兒童而言。手寫可激活大腦視覺和運動區(qū)域，促進信息加工與概念理解，優(yōu)于鍵盤輸入。然而科技在教育中仍有其價值，關(guān)鍵在于平衡使用?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thenewresearchbuildsona2014studythatsuggestedpeoplemaytypenotesquickly,withoutthinkingmuchaboutwhatthey’rewriting-butwritingbyhandisslowerandmakesthemactivelypayattentiontoandprocesstheincominginformation.(這項新的研究建立在2014年的一項研究的基礎(chǔ)上，該研究表明，人們可能會快速打字，而不會過多考慮自己在寫什么，但手寫速度較慢，會讓他們積極關(guān)注和處理收到的信息。)”可知，新的研究建立在2014年的研究的基礎(chǔ)上，所以作者提及2014年的研究是為了讓新的研究更具說服力。故選B項。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenstudentswrotebyhand,thesensorspickedupwidespreadbrainconnectivitythroughoutvisualregionsthatreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(運動皮層)thathelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputstoinformaperson’snextaction.Typing,however,resultedinminimalactivityinthesebrainregions.(當(dāng)學(xué)生用手寫字時，傳感器在接收和處理感官信息的視覺區(qū)域以及幫助大腦利用環(huán)境輸入來通知一個人下一步行動的運動皮層中發(fā)現(xiàn)了廣泛的大腦連接。然而，打字導(dǎo)致這些大腦區(qū)域的活動極小。)”可知，手寫可以激活大腦更廣泛區(qū)域的活動，相比之下，打字只在這些區(qū)域產(chǎn)生了最小的活動，由此可知，手寫比打字更能激活大腦活動。故選C項。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“VanderbiltUniversityeducationalneuroscientistSophiaVinci-Boohersaystherecentstudyhighlightsthecleartiebetweenphysicalactionsandconceptunderstanding,“Asyou’rewritingaword,you’retakingthiscontinuousunderstandingofsomethingandusingmotorsystemtocreateit.”Thatcreationthenaffectsthevisualsystem,whereit’sprocessedagain-strengtheningtheconnectionbetweenanactionandthewordsassociatedwithit.(范德比爾特大學(xué)教育神經(jīng)科學(xué)家SophiaVinciBooher表示，最近的研究強調(diào)了身體動作和概念理解之間的明確聯(lián)系，“當(dāng)你寫一個單詞時，你正在對某物進行持續(xù)的理解，并使用運動系統(tǒng)來創(chuàng)造它?！比缓?，這種創(chuàng)造會影響視覺系統(tǒng)，在視覺系統(tǒng)中，它被再次處理，加強了動作與相關(guān)單詞之間的聯(lián)系。)”可知，SophiaVinciBooher認為寫單詞可以增進持續(xù)的理解，所以SophiaVinciBooher可能會建議學(xué)生通過寫文章來記憶單詞。故選D項?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ButarecentstudyinFrontiersinPsychologysuggeststhattakingnoteswithpenandpaperisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.(但《心理學(xué)前沿》最近的一項研究表明，用筆和紙做筆記仍然是最好的學(xué)習(xí)方式，尤其是對兒童來說。)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了手寫筆記能增強學(xué)習(xí)效果，有助于學(xué)習(xí)。故選B項。DThemorescientistsinvestigatethemicrobes(微生物)livinginsideus,themoretheylearnaboutthesurprisingimpactofthetinyorganismsonhowwelook,act,think,andfeel.Areourhealthandwell-beingreallydrivenbythebacteria,virusesandfungithatliveinourintestines(腸),inourlungs,onourskin,onoureyeballs?Whataweirdconcept—thatthebugswecarryaroundappeartobeessentialtoestablishingthebasicnatureofwhoweare.Theeffectsofthemicrobiome,themicroorganismsthatexistinhumanbody,canbeprofoundandcanstartincrediblyearly.Inastudy,scientistsshowedthatsomethingsupposedlyasnaturalasachild’scharactermightberelatedtothebacteriainaninfant’sdigestivesystem;themoreBifidobacterium(雙歧桿菌)thereare,thesunnierthebabyis.Thisobservation,fromtheUniversityofTurkuinFinland,isbasedonananalysisofsamplesfrom301babies.ThosewiththehighestproportionofBifidobacteriumorganismsattwomonthsoldweremorelikelytoexhibitatraittheresearcherscalled“positiveemotionality”atsixmonthsold.Microbiomescienceisstillrelativelyyoung.Moststudiessofarhavebeeninitialandsmall-scale,involvingonlyadozenorsomiceorhumans.Scientistshavefoundassociationsbetweenthemicrobiomeanddiseasebutcan’tyetdrawclearcause-and-effectconclusionsaboutourextensivecollectionofmicroorganismsandtheireffectsonusashosts.Still,thecollectionitselfismind-boggling—it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.Andtheprospectsforputtingthatcollectiontousearemorethanpromising.Inthenot-too-distantfuture,accordingtothemostenthusiasticresearchers,itmightbearoutineforustotakeadoseofhealthymicrobesinvariousforms.Hopefully,withthehelpofnewmedicaladvances,wewillbeabletoachieveourfullpotentialbyfunctioningatpeaklevelsinternallyandexternally.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutmicrobiome?A.Thedevelopmentofmicrobiomeisquitematurenowadays.B.ThemoreBifidobacteriumanadulthas,thehealthieroneis.C.Moremicrobesthanhumancellsarepresentinyoungmen.D.Microbeshavelittleinfluenceonshapingouridentity28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mind-boggling”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Weakening. B.Astonishing. C.Disturbing. D.Misleading.29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.It’snecessarytoremovecertainfungifromourbody.B.2-month-oldbabiesareoftenmorepositivethan6-month-oldones.C.NewsupplementsrelatedtomicrobiomearelikelybeingdevelopedD.Therelationshipbetweenmicroorganismsanddiseaseremainsunclear.30.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Howmicrobesbenefitourhealth.B.Howmicrobesshapeourlives.C.Whataffectsearlychildhood.D.WhatTurkuUniversityrevealsaboutmicrobes.【答案】27C28.B29.D30.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了微生物對于身體的影響以及科學(xué)家對微生物研究發(fā)展狀況?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Still,thecollectionitselfismind-boggling—it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.(盡管如此，這些收集本身是令人難以置信的——現(xiàn)在被認為是一個典型的年輕成年男性大約有38萬億個微生物，比實際的人類細胞數(shù)量略多。)”可知，年輕男性身上的微生物比人類細胞數(shù)量略多。故選C?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段劃線詞后的句子“it’snowthoughttobearound38trillionmicrobesforatypicalyoungadultmale,slightlymorethanthenumberofactualhumancells.(現(xiàn)在被認為是一個典型的年輕成年男性大約有38萬億個微生物，比實際的人類細胞數(shù)量略多。)”得出的結(jié)論是成年男性有38萬億個微生物，數(shù)量非常的大，比實際的人類細胞數(shù)量略多；“Still,thecollectionitselfis

mind-boggling(盡管如此，微生物的自身數(shù)量還是mind-boggling)”指的是數(shù)量之大是非常驚人的，mind-boggling意為“驚人的”，與astonishing意思相近。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Scientistshavefoundassociationsbetweenthemicrobiomeanddiseasebutcan’tyetdrawclearcause-and-effectconclusionsaboutourextensivecollectionofmicroorganismsandtheireffectsonusashosts.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了微生物群和疾病之間的聯(lián)系，但還不能就我們廣泛收集的微生物及其對我們作為宿主的影響得出明確的因果關(guān)系結(jié)論。)”可知，科學(xué)家雖然發(fā)現(xiàn)微生物群和疾病之間有聯(lián)系，但是沒有證據(jù)證明其中的因果關(guān)系；因此，微生物與疾病之間的關(guān)系尚不清楚。故選D?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文、尤其根據(jù)文章第一段“Themorescientistsinvestigatethemicrobes(微生物)livinginsideus,themoretheylearnaboutthesurprisingimpactofthetinyorganismsonhowwelook,act,think,andfeel.Areourhealthandwell-beingreallydrivenbythebacteria,virusesandfungithatliveinourintestines(腸 ),inourlungs,onourskin,onoureyeballs?Whataweirdconcept—thatthebugswecarryaroundappeartobeessentialtoestablishingthebasicnatureofwhoweare.(科學(xué)家對生活在我們體內(nèi)的微生物(微生物)研究得越多，他們就越了解這些微小的有機體對我們的外表、行為、思維和感覺的驚人影響。我們的健康和幸福真的是由生活在我們的腸道、肺部、皮膚和眼球上的細菌、病毒和真菌驅(qū)動的嗎？多么奇怪的概念——我們隨身攜帶的細菌似乎是建立我們是誰的基本本質(zhì)所必需的。)”以及第二段“Theeffectsofthemicrobiome,themicroorganismsthatexistinhumanbody,canbeprofoundandcanstartincrediblyearly.(微生物群，即存在于人體內(nèi)的微生物，其影響可能是深遠的，而且可能在很早的時候就開始了。)”可知，本文主要闡述研究表明，存在與人體內(nèi)的微生物群數(shù)量驚人，對人類的外表、行為、思維和感覺的驚人影響，這種影響可能產(chǎn)生較早且是深遠的，而且微生物群和疾病之間的聯(lián)系；選項B“Howmicrobesshapeourlives.(微生物如何塑造我們的生活。)”能夠概括文章主旨，適合作本文的標題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Onalargescale,makingtheworldabetterplacecanseemchallenging.___31___Asaleader,yourperspectivesandideascandirectlyimpactyourcommunityforthebetter.Herearesomewaystomakeanimpactandgrowyourleadershipthroughemotionalintelligence.___32___Beingabletoprovideasafespacethroughdeeplisteningcreatestrust,whichlaysthefoundationformeaningfulrelationshipsandfruitfulpartnerships.Asaresult,peoplearemorelikelytoshareopenlyandhonestly.Empathyandlisteningwillincreasethequalityofyourrelationshipsandskyrocketyourresults.Makingapositiveimpactcanalsobeassimpleastakingthetimetoacknowledgeandinspiresomeoneintoaction.Takingtimetoacknowledgesomeonebylettingthemknowyouseetheireffortsandtalents.___33___Anexampleofwhatthiscouldsoundlikeis,“Wow!Iamblownawaybyyourproject.WhatIseepossibleforyouistosharewiththerestoftheteamhowtodoittoo.”Getinvolvedwithyouralreadyexistingcommunitiesandnetworkingcircles.Startbyconnectingwithyourpeersandaskthemabout