高中英語必修四第四單元知識點

UnitfourEarthquakes

1.burst爆裂，突發(fā)

Thesquareisburstingwithtourists.廣場上到處都是游客。

Ifeltasifmyheartwouldburstwithjoy.我覺得自己興奮

得心花怒放。

Thepoliceburstthroughthedoor.警察破門而入。

Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房間里突

然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。

聯(lián)想擴展：

(1)burstinon…突然打斷

Heburstinonourconversation.他突然打斷了我們的談話。

(2)burstinto+n.突然…

Thespeakerburstintoangryspeech.演講者突然講粗話。

(3)burstout+doing突然…

Thewomanburstoutcryinglikeachild,那個婦女突然像小孩一■樣

哭了。

(4)bursttodosth.迫切想做某事

Iamburstingtotellyouthenews.我迫不與待的想告知你

這個消息。

2.suffer

用法歸納：

A,受苦Hesufferedterriblywhenhismotherdied.

B,受至U損失IfIlost,myself-esteemwillsuffer.

C,遭遇Hesufferednopain

聯(lián)想擴展：sufferfrom

1、受??,之苦Isufferedmostfromlackofrest.

2、患，??病Iamsufferingfromacold.

特殊提示：

suffer表示“患…病”時，后面一般跟疾病名稱。

suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoo

latetocleanuptheriver.

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.To

sufferD.Suffered

3.reach

用法歸納：

(1)到達

Thestartedearly,hopingtoreachtherebeforedark.它們很

早就動身，希望天黑前到達那里。

易混辨析：

reach;get;arrive至!J達

reach后干脆加地點；get加to再加地點；arrive后加at/in再加

地點，at后加小地點；in后加大地點。假如表示地點的詞是副詞，get

和arrive后都不能用介詞。另外，只表示“到了”，不強調(diào)到什么地方

用arriveo

(2)達到

Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolwillreach2000next

year.

(3)用手或腳夠到

Canyoureachthebookonthetopoftheshelf你能夠到書架頂上

的那本書嗎？

特殊提示：

reach還可以作名詞，表示“用手或腳能夠到的范圍；管轄范圍或臂展”。

Pleasepassmethesalt,it'soutofmyreach.請把鹽遞給我，我

夠不到。

(4)傳到某人手中/耳中

Yourletterreachedmeyesterday.我昨天收到你的來信。

Thenewsreachedmejustnow.我剛剛聽到那個消息。

(5)通向；延長

Wheredoesthisroadreach這條路通向哪里？

即時活用：

1、Mostchildrenstayathomeuntiltheyschoolage.

A.getBeC.reachD.arrive

2、DearJenny,thankyouforyourletterwhichon

April1st.

A.arrivedB.arrivedatC.arrivingD.arrivedme

3、Itisthattheletterwillyouthis

afternoon.

A.mostlike;arriveB.likely;reachC.mostlylike;

getD.bestlike;reach

4.cover

(1)覆蓋

Theplaygroundiscoveredbyfallenleaves,weshouldclean

it.特殊提示：

表示“覆蓋”時，常用covei-with/by句型，并且譯法比較敏捷。

Iamcoveredbydust.我滿身都是土。Shecoveredherfacewith

herhands.她用雙手捂著臉。

(2)包括；包含；涉與

Thestudyofphysicscoversmanysubjects.

(3)愛護；掩護

Themothercoveredthebabyfromthefallingceiling.母親愛

護嬰兒不受下落的天花板的損害。

(4)走完多少路；看完多少頁書。

Icancover100Lionfootaday.我一天不行能走100里。

Howmanypageshaveyoucovered你看完了多少頁書？

(5)占多大面積

Ourschoolcoversanareaof60.000squaremeters.我們學校

占地60000平方米。

特殊提示：

表示“占多大面積”用…coversanareaof+數(shù)詞。

(6)采訪

Thechiefeditorsentareportertocovertheevent.主編派

了一記者去采訪整個事務(wù)。

1、Thefarmishuge,lyingbetweenthevalleys,and

anareaof15squarekilometers.

A.coveredB.beingcoveredC.coveringD.covers

2、Thisisalonghardwinter,witheverything

white.

A.coveredB.coveredbyC.coveringD.

coveringwith

3、Thisbookissaidtobeaspecialonewhichmany

eventsnotfoundinotherhistorybooks.

A.writesB.

coversC.printsD.reads

4、Thisisalonghardwinter,witheverythingwhite.

A.coveredB.coveredbyC.coveringD.

coveredwith

5、Thefarmishuge,lyingbetweenthevalleys,andan

areaof15squarekilometers.

A.coveredB.beingcoveredC.coveringD.covers

5.digout挖出；發(fā)覺；捐錢

Itisnoteasytodigoutthepast.發(fā)掘過去的歷史是不簡單的。

Hewasburiedbyanavalancheandhadtobedugout.他遇雪崩被

埋住了，得把他挖出來。

聯(lián)想擴展：

digdown挖下digin起先細致的工作digat挖苦；訕笑某人dig

deep挖深；挖出來

digfor發(fā)掘；搜集diginto鉆研digup掘起；挖出

6.表示方位的介詞in/on/to/off

用法歸納：

(I)in表示在范圍里的某個方向

ShanghaiisintheeastofChina,上海在中國的東部。

(2)on表不接壤

CanadaisonthenorthoftheUSA,加拿大在美國北邊。

(3)to表示不在范圍里，也不接壤

JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本在中國東邊。

特殊提示：

上邊的句子可以改寫為：

JapanlieseastofChina.或者EastofChinaliesJapan.

改正過的句子省略了介詞to,緣由在于表示方向的名詞還可以作副詞，表

示“在什么方向”或“去什么方向”。

(4)off表示

A.在范圍里但不接壤(多指各國的島嶼)

TaiwanisofftheeastofChina,臺灣在中國的東部。

B.在離…不遠處

Myhouseisoffthemainroad.我家離大路不遠。

1、TaiwanliesthesoutheastofFujian,whichis

southeastofChina.

A.in;onB.to;inC.on;inD.to;

on

2、Theytraveled,allthewayuptoWisconsin.

A.thenorthB.inthenorthC.northD.the

south

7.keep/stop/prevent***fromdoing防止/阻擋???發(fā)生

Whatpreventedyoufromcomingontime什么事情使你沒有按時到？

主動句中，stop和prevent后的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省

略。被動句中，三個詞后面的from都不能省略。

即時活用：

Itseemsverydifficult.

A.tostopthechildtocryB.preventingthechildcrying

C.tokeepthechildfromcryingD.holdingthechild's

crying

8.makesure=besure

(1)+todo肯定；務(wù)必

Besuretocomeontimethisafternoon.下午肯定要按時至U。

(2)+of+n.把…弄準確

IknowthereisatraintoBeijingtonight,butyoushouldmakesure

ofthetime.

(3)+that從句

WearesurethatChinawillbecomeastrongandpowerfulcountry,

besure/makesuretodo=becertaintodo

besure/makesureof+n.=becertainof+n.

besure/makesure+that…=becertain+that…

當besure/makesure+that…時,句子的主語必需是人；而becertain

+that…時，句子的主語用ito

1、Itisthattheybothhavethegreatestrespectforeach

other.

A.certainB.sureC.

certainlyD.surely

2、Henry,thelightiswhenyouleavethelab.

Allright.

A.besure;turneddownB.makesure;turned

off

C.sure;turnoffD.makesure;turningoff

9.protectvt.愛護

(1)protectsth.

Toprotecttheenvironment,weshoulddriveless.為了愛護環(huán)

境，我們應(yīng)當少開車。

(2)protectsth./sb.from+n.

Youshouldwearapairofdarkglassestoprotectyoureyesfrom

thesnow.

(3)protectsb./sth.fromdoing

GeYouspeakscarefullyinpublictoprotecthimselffrombeing

hurt.

(4)protectAagainstB

Thetreebeltscanprotectthisareaagainstshiftingsand.

1、Heraisedbothhisarmstoprotecthisfacetheball.

A.fromB.forC.withD.to

2、Atthemeeting,wereachedaconclusionthatweshould

dowhatwecouldtheYellowRiverfrombeingfurtherpolluted.

A.toprotectB.protectingC.

protectD.protected

3、You'dbetterwearyoursunglassestoprotectyoureyes

thesun.

A.fromB.withC.inD.under

10.Thereisno+doing…是不行能的

Thereisnoknowinghowoldheis.不知道他多大。

Thereisnopersuadinghimtogiveuphisidea.不行能勸服他放棄

他的觀點。

11＞大量的

⑴修飾不行數(shù)名次agreat/gooddeal/alargeamountof/much

⑵修飾可數(shù)名次many/anumberof/agreat(good)many

⑶即可修飾可數(shù)名次也可修飾不行數(shù)名次plentyof/alotof/lots

of/alargequantityof/quantitiesof/amassof/massesof

1、Ispentofmytimeinthiswork.

A.aplentyB.agoodmanyC.agooddealD.great

deal

2、-Howmanybooksdoeshehave--Hepossesses

them.

A.plentyofB.verymuchC.agreatdealD.an

amountof

Thosewhowelcomedtherailwaysawitasmorethanarapidand

comfortablemeansofpassing.Theyactuallysawitasafactorin

worldpeace.Theydidnotforeseethattherailwaywouldbejust

onemoremeansfortherapidmovementofaggressivearmies.None

ofthemforesawthatthemorewearetogether—themorechancesthere

areofwar.Anyboyorgirlwhoisoneofalargefamilyknowsthat.

Wheneveranynewinventionisputforward,thoseforitandthose

againstitcanalwaysfindmedicalmentoapproveorcondemn.The

anti-railwaygroupproduceddoctorswhosaidthattunnelswouldbe

mostdangeroustopublichealth:theywouldproducecolds,catarrhs

（粘膜炎）andconsumptions.Thedeafeningnoiseandtheglareof

theenginefire,wouldhaveabadeffectonthenerves.Further,

beingmovedthroughtheairatahighspeedwoulddograveinjury

todelicatelungs.Inthosewithhighblood-pressure,themovement

ofthetrainmightproduceapoplexy（中風）.Thesuddenplunging

ofatrainintothedarknessofatunnel,andtheequallysudden

rushintofulldaylight,wouldcausegreatdamagetoeyesight.But

thepro-railwaygroupwasofcourseabletoproduceequallyfamous

medicalmentosayjusttheopposite.Theysaidthatthespeedand

swingofthetrainwouldequalizethecirculation,promotedigestion,

tranquilizethenerves,andensuregoodsleep.

Theactualrolling-stockwasanythingbutcomfortable.Ifit

wasatestofendurancetositforfourhoursoutsideacoachin

rain,orinsideindirtyair,therailwayofferedlittlemorein

thewayofcomfort.Certainlythefirst-classcarriageshad

cushionedseats;butthesecond-classhadonlynarrowbareboards,

whilethethird-classhadnothingatall;noseatsandnoroof;they

werejustopentrucks.Sothatthird-classpassengersgainednothing

fromthefewmodeexceptspeed.Inthematterofcomfort,indeed

theylost;theydid,onthecoaches,haveaseat,butnowtheyhad

tostandalltheway,whichgaveopportunitiestothecomic（滑

稽的）press.Thiskindofthing:Amanwasseenyesterdaybuying

athird-classticketforthenewLondonandBirminghamRailway.The

stateofhismindisbeingenquiredinto.

Awriterintheearlydaysofrailwayswrotefeelinglyofboth

second-andthird-classcarriages.Hemadethesuggestionthatthe

directorsoftherailwaysmusthavesentallovertheworldtofind

thehardestpossiblewood.Oftheopenthird-classtruckshesaid

thattheyhadthepeculiarpropertyofmeetingtherainfromwhatever

quarteritcame.Hedescribedthemashorizontalshower-baths,from

whosesearchingpowertherewasnoescape.

16.Allboysandgirlsinlargefamiliesknowthat,

A)aboyandagirlusuallyfightwhentheyaretogether

B)peopletendtobetogethermorethantheyusedtobe

C)alotofpeoplebeingtogethermakesfightslikely

D)Railwayleadstheworldtopeace

17.Accordingtothosewhowelcomedtherailway,therailway

itselfshouldincludeallthefollowingexcept.

A)therailwayenablespeopletravelfastB)therailway

bringscomforttopeople

C)therailwaymakestheworldpeacefulD)therailwayleads

theworldtowaraswell.

18.Accordingtotheanti-railwaygroup,allthefollowingsare

truebut.

A)tunnelsaredangeroustopublichealth

B)thenoiseandtheglareoftheenginefiremayaffect

people5snerves

C)therapidspeedthroughtheairdoesdamagetopeople，s

lungs

D)tothosewithhighblood-pressure,therapidspeedofthe

traincausesthemtodie

19.Wemaysafelyconcludethat.