必修二Unit1CulturalHeritage單元培優(yōu)綜合測(cè)試卷

必修二Unit1CulturalHeritage單元培優(yōu)綜合測(cè)試卷第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2024·浙江杭州·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Indiaisanancientcivilizationwithrichculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn)),anditsculturalheritageisrelatedtoallmajorreligions(宗教)oftheworld.HerewetakealookatsomeofthetopheritagedestinationsinIndia.SunTemple,KonarkAsthenamesuggeststhistempleisallaboutthepowerofthesunGod.Ahugechariot(二輪戰(zhàn)車)drawnbysevenhorsesandtwelvepairsofwheelsshowtheimportancewhichancientpeopleplacedonthepowerofthesun.Thepicturesofanimalsandhumansgivethisplaceaspeciallook.ChurchesGoaGoaistheonlyIndianstatewhichwascontrolledbythePortuguese,sothesceneinGoaisdottedwith(點(diǎn)綴著)Portuguesestylechurches.SomeofthefamouschurchesincludethechurchofSaintCatherine,churchofSaintAugustineandchurchofsaintFrancisofAssisi.Thesechurchesshowbeautifulpaintingsandflowerdesign’swhichmakethemamustvisit.AjantaandElloraCavesThesecavescontainwelldesignedpaintingswhicharewidelyregardedasthemostoutstandingworksofBuddhistreligiousart.TajMahal,AgraBuiltonthebankoftheYamunaRiver,itisanexcellentbuilding.Thewritingandpaintingsontheoutsidestructureprovidethefinestexamplesoftheoutstandingstyleofbuildings.SanchiSanchiisaUNESCOworldheritagesitewithnumerousBuddhisttemplesdatingbacktotheseventhandeighthcenturies.OnyourvisittoIndia,besuretovisitsomeoftheseheritagedestinations.AnIndianjourneyisnotwonderfulwithoutexperiencingthebeautyoftheseheritagedestinations.1．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．ThechurchofSaintCatherineistheearliestoneintheworld.B．ThePortuguesecontrolledthewholeIndiatwocenturiesago.C．ElloraCavesonlyhavestatuesofanimals.D．Indianculturalheritagehassomethingtodowithreligions.2．TheancientIndiansthoughtthat__________wasimportant,A．a(chǎn)nimals B．thesun’spower C．a(chǎn)ncienttemples D．a(chǎn)ncientcivilization3．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．IntroducingseveraltopheritagedestinationsinIndia.B．ThegreateffectthatIndianreligionhasonculture.C．Indiaisanancientcivilizationwithrichculturalheritage.D．Indiaisfamousforitsculturalheritage.【答案】1．D2．B3．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了印度的五個(gè)頂級(jí)的文化遺址。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Indiaisanancientcivilizationwithrichculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn)),anditsculturalheritagehassomethingtodowithallmajorreligions(宗教)oftheworld.(印度是一個(gè)有著豐富文化遺產(chǎn)的文明古國(guó)，它的文化遺產(chǎn)與世界上所有的主要宗教都有關(guān)系)”可知，印度文化遺產(chǎn)與宗教有關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SunTemple,Konark部分中“AsthenamesuggeststhistempleisallaboutthepowerofthesunGod.Ahugechariot(二輪戰(zhàn)車)drawnbysevenhorsesandtwelvepairsofwheels showtheimportancewhichancientpeopleplacedonthepowerofthesun.(這個(gè)名字暗示著這座寺廟是關(guān)于太陽(yáng)神的力量。由7匹馬和12對(duì)輪子拉動(dòng)的巨大戰(zhàn)車反映了古人對(duì)太陽(yáng)力量的重視)”可知，古印度建造這個(gè)寺廟是因?yàn)樗麄冃枰ぐ萏?yáng)神，他們認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)的力量很重要。故選B項(xiàng)。3．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段最后一句“HerewetakealookatsomeofthetopheritagedestinationsinIndia.(下面我們來(lái)看看印度的一些頂級(jí)遺產(chǎn)地)”可知，本文主要講述的是印度的幾個(gè)頂級(jí)的文化遺址。故選A項(xiàng)。B（2024·黑龍江吉林·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Ittookanillscreechowl(鳴角鸮)toteachascientistthevalueofupcloseandpersonalstudy.InhisHarvadtalk,CarlSafina,anecologistandauthorofAlfieandMe:WhatOwlsKnow,WhatHumansBelieve,recalledthatthechickwasfounddyinginhisbackyard.Safinatookitinandplannedtonurseitbacktohealthandthenperformrelease.Buttheowlet'sflightfeathersdidn'tgrowproperly.Safinadelayedtherelease.Overthoseextendedmonths,SafinagottoknowAlfieinwaysthatmovedandchangedhim.“AnowlfoundmeandthenIwaswatching‘a(chǎn)nowl’,”hesaid.“Itwasnolongeranowlafterawhile,itwas‘she’becauseshehadahistorywithme.Thislittleowl,whowaswithmemuchlongerthanIthoughtshewouldbe,becameanindividualtomebythathistoryandallthoseinteractions.”ThebondwithAlfiestrengthenedtothepointthat,whenshewasfinallyreleased,shecreatedaterritorywithSafina'shomeatitscenter.Safinawasabletospendhourseachdayobservingherinthewoodsasshelearnedtotakecareofherselfinthewild,mettwomates,andraisedchicksofherown.WhenheheardAlfiecalling,Safinasaid,he'dcallbackandshe'dlandnearby.Theirclosenessallowedhimtolearnmorethingsaboutscreechowls.Fieldguides,forexample,describetwoknowncallsbutheidentifiedsix,someofwhichyouhavetobequiteclosetohear.TherelationshipalsoopenedawindowforSafinaontopersonalitydifferencesbetweenAlfieandhermates.WhenpointedoutthathisapproachtoAlfie—includingtheactofnamingher—rancountertowidespreadscientificpractice,Safinasaidhewasn'tconcernedaboutviolating(違反)convention,particularlyifsomethinginterestinglikeindividualpersonalitydifferencesamongowlscouldbelearned.TheexperiencecausedSafinatothinkmoredeeplyabouthumankind'srelationshipwithnatureandthekindofpersonalconnectionhewasabletofeelwithawildindividual.“WhatIlearnedfromAlfieisthatallsentient(有情感的)beingsseekafeelingofwellbeingandfreedomofmovement,”Safinasaid.“That'saguidetowhat'srightandwhat'swrongtome.”4．WhatdoweknowaboutAlfie?A．ShedevelopedaclosebondwithSafina.B．ShewasafictionalcharacterinSafina'sbook.C．SheintentionallylandedinSafina'sbackyard.D．Shewasdyingbecauseofthebrokenflightfeathers.5．WhathappenedafterSafinareleasedAlfie?A．AlfiechosetostaywithSafinaathishome.B．Theymaintainedacontinousmunication.C．Alfiemetmatesandraisedchicksbyherself.D．Safinakepthisdistancefromhertopreventattachment.6．WhatdidSafinaachieveinhisstudy?A．Recordingsixdifferentcallsofthescreechowl.B．Identifyingdifferenttypesofowlsbytheircalls.C．Learninghowtoreleaseowlsbackintothewild.D．Understandingpersonalitydifferencesamongowls.7．HowdidSafina'sexperiencewithAlfieimpacthim?A．Hebecamemorefocusedonexploringnature.B．Heinitiatedhismitmenttowildlifeconservation.C．Hedevelopedadeepappreciationforthewelfareoflivingcreatures.D．Hedecidedtoguidereaderstodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.【答案】4．A5．B6．D7．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了生態(tài)學(xué)家CarlSafina與一只名叫Alfie的鳴角鸮的故事，以及這段經(jīng)歷對(duì)他的影響。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Overthoseextendedmonths,SafinagottoknowAlfieinwaysthatmovedandchangedhim.”（在那些漫長(zhǎng)的月份里，薩菲納以一種感動(dòng)并改變他的方式了解了阿爾菲。）根據(jù)第三段“Thislittleowl,whowaswithmemuchlongerthanIthoughtshewouldbe,becameanindividualtomebythathistoryandallthoseinteractions.”（這只小貓頭鷹，它和我在一起的時(shí)間比我想象的要長(zhǎng)得多，通過(guò)那段歷史和所有這些互動(dòng)，它成為了我的一部分）可知，Safina與Alfie建立了緊密的聯(lián)系。故選A。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“WhenheheardAlfiecalling,Safinasaid,he'dcallbackandshe'dlandnearby.”（當(dāng)他聽(tīng)到阿爾菲的叫聲時(shí)，薩菲納說(shuō)，他會(huì)回應(yīng)，她就會(huì)降落在附近。）可知，他們保持了持續(xù)的交流，故選B。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“TherelationshipalsoopenedawindowforSafinaontopersonalitydifferencesbetweenAlfieandhermates.”（這種關(guān)系也為薩菲納打開(kāi)了一個(gè)窗口，讓他看到阿爾菲和她的伴侶之間的性格差異。）可知，Safina理解了貓頭鷹之間的性格差異，故選D7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“WhatIlearnedfromAlfieisthatallsentientbeingsseekafeelingofwellbeingandfreedomofmovement,”Safinasaid.“That'saguidetowhat'srightandwhat'swrongtome.”（我從阿爾菲那里學(xué)到的是，所有有情感的生物都尋求幸福感和自由的移動(dòng)，”薩菲納說(shuō)?！斑@對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)的指南?！保┛芍琒afina對(duì)生物的幸福產(chǎn)生了深深的欣賞，故選C。C（2023·四川成都·一模）Oneoftheworld’soldestpreservedhumansettlementshasbeensignificantlydamagedbypouringraininPakistanasthecountrybattlestheworstfloodsinitshistory.Moenjodaro,aWorldHeritagesiteintheIndusRivervalley508kilometers(316miles)fromKarachi,wasbuiltintheBronzeAge,some5,000yearsago.“Unfortunatelywewitnessedthemassdestructionatthesite,”readsaletterfromtheCultural,Tourism&AntiquitiesDepartmentofSinghstatesenttoUNESCOandsignedbydirectorIhsanAliAbbasiandarchitectNaveedAhmedSangah.Theletteraddsthesitewasbeingusedastemporaryacmodationforsurroundingresidentswhoseownhomeshadflooded.Moenjodaro’ssignificancecan’tbeunderestimatedwhenitwasaddedtoUNESCO’sregisterin1980,theorganizationwrotethatMoenjodaro“bearsexceptionalprooftotheInduscivilization,”prising“themostancientplannedcityontheIndiansubcontinent”.Theletterexplainssomeoftheimmediateactionsthesiteteamhastakentomitigatetheflooddamage,likebringinginwaterpumpsandrepairingbrickwork.Butit’sclearthatthesemeasureswillnotbeenough.AbbasiandSangahendedtheirletterbyaskingfor100millionPakistanirupees($45million)tocoverthecostsoffullrepairs.UNESCOhasrespondedtotherequestforhelp,allocating$350,000fromitsemergencyfundfordamagedhistoricsitesinPakistanduringUNSecretaryGeneralAntónioGuterres’svisittothefloodstrickencountrythisweek.ThefundswillgotoMoenjodaroandothersitesincludingtheAmriMuseum.Whilethesumisfarlessthanneededtofullyrepairthesites,itwillpayforurgentworkwhileUNESCOandlocalorganizationconsiderthebestwayforward.Sadly,theconservatorsofMoenjodarohaveknownforsometimethatfloodingcouldbringaseriousrisktothesite.Intheirletter,AbbasiandSangahexpressconcernthatMoenjodarocouldbeaddedtothelistofUNESCOsitesindanger,whichthepreservationbodyupdatesperiodicallytohighlighthistoricplacesthatareatsevereriskofruin.8．WhatmakesMoenjodarospecialtoPakistan?A．Thegeographicfeatureitbears.B．Theroleitplayedinfightingfloods.C．Themassdestructionitsufferedinhistory.D．Thevalueitholdsinhistoryandarchitecture.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Reduce. B．Suffer. C．Avoid. D．Assess.10．Whichbestdescribesthesituationoftherepairworkmadesofar?A．Creative. B．Worrying. C．Impractical. D．Satisfactory.11．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Pakistan’sDeadlyFloodsCausingWidespreadDamageB．MoenjodaroCallingforAttentiontoItsSevereDamageC．MoenjodaroAddedtotheListofUNESCOSitesinDangerD．PakistanUNESCOSiteMoenjodaroBadlyDamagedbyFlooding【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了世界上保存最古老的人類住區(qū)之一——巴基斯坦的世界遺產(chǎn)門佐達(dá)羅在暴雨中遭到嚴(yán)重破壞和拯救方法。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Moenjodaro’ssignificancecan’tbeunderestimatedwhenitwasaddedtoUNESCO’sregisterin1980,theorganizationwrotethatMoenjodaro“bearsexceptionalprooftotheInduscivilization,”prising“themostancientplannedcityontheIndiansubcontinent”.(1980年，當(dāng)門佐達(dá)羅被列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織名錄時(shí)，它的重要性不容小覷。該組織寫道，門佐達(dá)羅“為印度河文明提供了獨(dú)特的證據(jù)”，是“印度次大陸上最古老的規(guī)劃城市”)”可知，門佐達(dá)羅在歷史和建筑上的價(jià)值使它對(duì)巴基斯坦來(lái)說(shuō)很特別。故選D。9．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theletterexplainssomeoftheimmediateactionsthesiteteamhastaken(這封信解釋了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)立即采取的一些行動(dòng))”及下文“l(fā)ikebringinginwaterpumpsandrepairingbrickwork.Butit’sclearthatthesemeasureswillnotbeenough.(比如引進(jìn)水泵和修復(fù)磚墻。但很明顯，這些措施還不夠)”可知，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)團(tuán)隊(duì)立即采取了一些措施來(lái)減輕洪水破壞。由此可知，劃線詞mitigate與reduce“減少，降低”意思接近。故選A。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Butit’sclearthatthesemeasureswillnotbeenough.(但很明顯，這些措施還不夠)”及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Whilethesumisfarlessthanneededtofullyrepairthesites,itwillpayforurgentworkwhileUNESCOandlocalorganizationconsiderthebestwayforward.(雖然這筆錢遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于完全修復(fù)遺址所需的錢，但它將支付聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織和當(dāng)?shù)亟M織考慮最佳前進(jìn)方式的緊急工作)”及最后一段“Intheirletter,AbbasiandSangahexpressconcernthatMoenjodarocouldbeaddedtothelistofUNESCOsitesindanger,whichthepreservationbodyupdatesperiodicallytohighlighthistoricplacesthatareatsevereriskofruin.(在他們的信中，Abbasi和Sangah表達(dá)了對(duì)門佐達(dá)羅可能被列入聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織瀕危遺址名單的擔(dān)憂，該保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)定期更新該名單，以突出那些面臨嚴(yán)重破壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的歷史遺跡)”可推知，到目前為止，維修工作的情況令人擔(dān)憂。故選B。11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Oneoftheworld’soldestpreservedhumansettlementshasbeensignificantlydamagedbypouringraininPakistanasthecountrybattlestheworstfloodsinitshistory.(巴基斯坦正在與歷史上最嚴(yán)重的洪水作斗爭(zhēng)，世界上保存最古老的人類住區(qū)之一在暴雨中遭到嚴(yán)重破壞)”及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了世界上保存最古老的人類住區(qū)之一——巴基斯坦的世界遺產(chǎn)門佐達(dá)羅在暴雨中遭到嚴(yán)重破壞和拯救方法。由此可知，D.PakistanUNESCOSiteMoenjodaroBadlyDamagedbyFlooding(巴基斯坦聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織世界遺產(chǎn)地門佐達(dá)羅被洪水嚴(yán)重破壞)適合作本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。D（2024·浙江紹興·三模）Aboutadecadeago,wearinghanfu,atraditionalstyleofclothingwornbyChina’sHanethnicgroup,wasconsideredmoreofahobby,witharelativelysmallnumberofChineseindividualsparticipatinginthetrend.Currently,thereisanotableshiftasyoungconsumersinChinaareurgingbrandstoacknowledgetheirheritageandadapttoittoinfluencethemarket.Thehanfumovementrathersuitsthisrhetoric,advocatingculturalautonomyinfusedwithatouchofpatriotism.ManyChineseGenZshaveetorealizethatfashionisnotexclusivetoWesternstyles;theyhavealsorecognizedtheallureandappealoftheirowntraditionalgarments.Culturalconfidencehasplayedasignificantroleinpopularizingthesetraditionalclothingchoices.JunBaoyuan,a24yearoldgraduatefromtheBeijingInstituteofTechnology,saidthatpeoplewhodevelopaninterestinhanfuwillinturnlearnmoreaboutthetraditionalskillsrootedinChineseculture,includingclothweavingandtraditionaljewelryhandicrafts.Shealsonotedthatmanyofherclosefriendstodayhadenteredherlifeasaresultoftheirsharedpassionforhanfu.JunoftensharesherhanfucladadventuresonDouyin,whereshehasgathereda60,000strongfollowing.Asherreputationasahighflyinghanfumodelgrew,shestartedcollaboratingwithmuseumsinChinaandparticipatinginarangeofevents.ButJunalsowarnedthatwiththepopularityofhanfueventsandtherisingnumberofenthusiastswhowanttojointhemovement,somemerchantshavefueledunfairpetitionbysellingpoorqualityhanfugarmentsathighprices.Thesedays,makingsureyougetyourmoney’sworthrequiresagooddealofknowledge.ThehanfumovementisamongthemostsignificantcurrentsinthecontemporaryyoungChineseculturalnarrative.TheyhavebroughtasenseofprideandChineseaestheticstosocialmedia,whereoverseasChinese,too,canexpresstheirheritage.Psychologicallyandculturally,thehanfumovementisplayingamajorroleinshapingthenewgenerationofyoungChinese,blendingmodernitywithtradition.ItisnothingshortofremarkabletoseeChina’sGenZsingtogethertoembraceandcelebratetheircustoms.Althoughthefuturepathofthehanfumovementhasyettounveilitself,it’ssurelyaphenomenonworthmonitoring.TherevivalofChineseculturehasgainedforceandshowsnosignsofslowingdownanytimesoon.12．Whatcontributestotherevivalofhanfu?A．Thebrands’desireformoreprofit.B．Theexperts’advocacyofpatriotism.C．Theyouth’srecognitionoftraditionalculture.D．TheeconomicdevelopmentofHanethnicgroup.13．WhatdoweknowaboutJun?A．Sheisexpertinhandmadeproducts.B．Shegainedpopularityforheradventures.C．Shecooperatedwithmuseumsforherreputation.D．Sheexpandedhersocialcirclethankstoherpassion.14．WhatisJun’sattitudetowardsthecurrenthanfumovement?A．Disapproval. B．Objective. C．Suspicious. D．Defensive.15．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph5?A．Thefutureprospectofthehanfumovement.B．Thegreatsignificanceofthehanfumovement.C．Thepotentialrisksingwiththehanfumovement.D．TheGenZs’qualityreflectedbythehanfumovement.【答案】12．C13．D14．B15．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了漢服運(yùn)動(dòng)在中國(guó)年輕人中興起的現(xiàn)象及其對(duì)文化傳承的重要意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)了青年一代對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的認(rèn)同與自豪感。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ManyChineseGenZshaveetorealizethatfashionisnotexclusivetoWesternstyles;theyhavealsorecognizedtheallureandappealoftheirowntraditionalgarments.(許多中國(guó)Z世代已經(jīng)意識(shí)到，時(shí)尚并不是西方風(fēng)格的專屬；他們也認(rèn)識(shí)到了自己傳統(tǒng)服裝的吸引力和吸引力)”可知，年輕一代開(kāi)始意識(shí)到傳統(tǒng)服飾的魅力，對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的認(rèn)可促進(jìn)了漢服的復(fù)興。故選C。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Shealsonotedthatmanyofherclosefriendstodayhadenteredherlifeasaresultoftheirsharedpassionforhanfu.(她還指出，她今天的許多密友都是因?yàn)閷?duì)漢服的共同熱愛(ài)而進(jìn)入她的生活的)”可知，因?yàn)閷?duì)漢服的熱愛(ài)，Jun的社交圈子得以擴(kuò)大。故選D。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Asherreputationasahighflyinghanfumodelgrew,shestartedcollaboratingwithmuseumsinChinaandparticipatinginarangeofevents.ButJunalsowarnedthatwiththepopularityofhanfueventsandtherisingnumberofenthusiastswhowanttojointhemovement,somemerchantshavefueledunfairpetitionbysellingpoorqualityhanfugarmentsathighprices.(隨著她作為一名出色的漢服模特的名聲越來(lái)越大，她開(kāi)始與中國(guó)的博物館合作，并參加了一系列活動(dòng)。但Jun也警告說(shuō)，隨著漢服活動(dòng)的流行和想加入這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的愛(ài)好者人數(shù)的增加，一些商家以高價(jià)出售劣質(zhì)漢服，加劇了不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng))”可知，Jun既提到漢服運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來(lái)的正面影響，如與博物館合作參與活動(dòng)，也提到了存在的問(wèn)題，如不良商家高價(jià)銷售劣質(zhì)漢服，表明她持有客觀的態(tài)度。故選B。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段的“ThehanfumovementisamongthemostsignificantcurrentsinthecontemporaryyoungChineseculturalnarrative.TheyhavebroughtasenseofprideandChineseaestheticstosocialmedia,whereoverseasChinese,too,canexpresstheirheritage.(漢服運(yùn)動(dòng)是當(dāng)代中國(guó)青年文化敘事中最重要的潮流之一。他們?yōu)樯缃幻襟w帶來(lái)了自豪感和中國(guó)美學(xué)，海外華人也可以在社交媒體上表達(dá)他們的傳統(tǒng))”以及全段可知，第五段闡述了漢服運(yùn)動(dòng)在當(dāng)代中國(guó)文化敘事中的重要地位，提到它在心理和文化層面對(duì)塑造融合現(xiàn)代與傳統(tǒng)的年輕一代所起的作用，以及對(duì)中國(guó)Z世代團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)?yè)肀Ш蛻c祝自己習(xí)俗的現(xiàn)象表示肯定，整體強(qiáng)調(diào)了漢服運(yùn)動(dòng)的重大意義。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2024·黑龍江吉林·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）WhocanimaginelifetodaywithoutanAutomatedTellerMachine(ATM)?Theyareavailableinconsiderablenumbersthroughouttheworld.ThefirstATMwasthebrainchildofanenterprisingTurkishAmericaninventorLutherGeorgeSimjian.Whentheideaofanautomatedbankingmachinestruckhim,heregistered20patentsbeforeanybankagreedtogiveitatrialrun.Itiseasytoassumethattheinventorofsuchapopularmachinewaslaughingallthewaytothebank.16WithinsixmonthsofitsoperationinNewYorkin1939,thedevicewasremovedduetolackofcustomeracceptance.Itwasnotuntil1967,nearly30yearslater,thatBarclaysBank,inacarefullaunch,rolledoutaselfservicemachineinLondon,England,whichprovedsuccessful.17Thefirstcashmachinereliedoncustomers’useofprepaidtokens(代幣)togetenvelopeswithafixedamountofcashinside.18Thebanks’principlewasseeminglycustomerservice.Butitwouldbefoolishtominimizethemanyadvantagesthatcashmachinesprovidedtothebanksthemselves.Bythelate1970s,thehighestfixedcostfortheaveragelargebankwasitsbranches.Thegreatestvariablecostandlosstoprofitswereitsstaff.Bankaccountsswiftlyrecognizedthatselfserviceoperationscouldreducebankbranchstaffcostby70percent.ExpertsquicklydeterminedthatpublicacceptanceofATMscountedonconvenience,simplicity,speed,securityandtrust.19Formaximumefficiency,ATMshadtobelocatednearpublictransportorinashoppingmall,notatabranch.Thebusierandmorecrowdedthelocation,obviously,thebetter.Now,roughly75percentofallcashprovidedbybankstotheircustomersesfromcashmachines.20.Publicacceptanceofdeposits(存款)bymachinewassignificantlyslowerthancustomers’usageofATMsforwithdrawals.Ingeneral,itseemsthatcustomerssometimesstillpreferandtrustanoverthecountertransaction(交易)fordeposits.A．Location,inparticular,wasakeyfactor.B．Hiscashmachine,however,didn’tprovedurable.C．Thedevicewasrelativelyprimitive,atleastbytoday’sstandards.D．However,cashmachinesposedsomeinteresting,unansweredquestions.E．Aninterestingfactorwastheissueofbiostatisticsforcustomeridentification.F．Devicesoriginallydismissedbythepublicarenowrecognizedasessentialinstitutions.G．Soonafterwards,manyotherbanksbecameadmittedlychampionsofthecashmachine.【答案】16．B17．C18．G19．A20．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了自動(dòng)取款機(jī)(ATM)的發(fā)展歷程和其在現(xiàn)代生活中的重要性。16．根據(jù)上文“Itiseasytoassumethattheinventorofsuchapopularmachinewaslaughingallthewaytothebank.(人們很容易認(rèn)為，這樣一臺(tái)受歡迎機(jī)器的發(fā)明者一定賺得盆滿缽滿)”和下文“WithinsixmonthsofitsoperationinNewYorkin1939,thedevicewasremovedduetolackofcustomeracceptance.(1939年，該設(shè)備在紐約運(yùn)行了六個(gè)月后，由于缺乏客戶接受，該設(shè)備被拆除)”可知，上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，B項(xiàng)“Hiscashmachine,however,didn’tprovedurable.(然而，他的取款機(jī)并沒(méi)有經(jīng)受住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn))”承上啟下，說(shuō)明設(shè)想和現(xiàn)實(shí)有差距，引出下文第一臺(tái)取款機(jī)的真實(shí)命運(yùn)，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選B項(xiàng)。17．下文“Thefirstcashmachinereliedoncustomers’useofprepaidtokens(代幣)togetenvelopeswithafixedamountofcashinside.(第一臺(tái)自動(dòng)取款機(jī)依靠顧客使用預(yù)付代幣來(lái)獲得裝有固定數(shù)量現(xiàn)金的信封)”介紹了第一臺(tái)自動(dòng)取款機(jī)的工作原理：用預(yù)付代幣來(lái)?yè)Q取現(xiàn)金信封，是對(duì)C項(xiàng)“Thedevicewasrelativelyprimitive,atleastbytoday’sstandards.(這個(gè)裝置相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)比較原始，至少以今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看是這樣)”的說(shuō)明，說(shuō)明第一臺(tái)自動(dòng)取款機(jī)比較原始的工作原理，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選C項(xiàng)。18．下文“Thebanks’principlewasseeminglycustomerservice.Butitwouldbefoolishtominimizethemanyadvantagesthatcashmachinesprovidedtothebanksthemselves.Bythelate1970s,thehighestfixedcostfortheaveragelargebankwasitsbranches.Thegreatestvariablecostandlosstoprofitswereitsstaff.Bankaccountsswiftlyrecognizedthatselfserviceoperationscouldreducebankbranchstaffcostby70percent.(銀行的原則似乎是客戶服務(wù)。但是，低估自動(dòng)取款機(jī)給銀行自身帶來(lái)的諸多好處是愚蠢的。到20世紀(jì)70年代末，大型銀行的平均固定成本最高的是其分支機(jī)構(gòu)。最大的可變成本和利潤(rùn)損失是它的員工。銀行賬戶很快意識(shí)到，自助服務(wù)可以將銀行分行的員工成本降低70%)”說(shuō)明了自動(dòng)取款機(jī)給銀行帶來(lái)的諸多好處，解釋了G項(xiàng)“Soonafterwards,manyotherbanksbecameadmittedlychampionsofthecashmachine.(不久之后，許多其他銀行成為公認(rèn)的自動(dòng)提款機(jī)的擁護(hù)者)”中描述的這一現(xiàn)象，許多銀行為了獲益開(kāi)始使用自動(dòng)提款機(jī)，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選G項(xiàng)。19．下文“Formaximumefficiency,ATMshadtobelocatednearpublictransportorinashoppingmall,notatabranch.Thebusierandmorecrowdedthelocation,obviously,thebetter.(為了最大限度地提高效率，自動(dòng)取款機(jī)必須設(shè)在公共交通附近或購(gòu)物中心，而不是在分行。顯然，地點(diǎn)越繁忙、越擁擠越好)”指出自動(dòng)取款機(jī)需要設(shè)在公共交通附近或購(gòu)物中心，是對(duì)A項(xiàng)“Location,inparticular,wasakeyfactor.(尤其是地理位置，是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素)”的舉例說(shuō)明，說(shuō)明地理位置的重要作用。故選A項(xiàng)。20．上文“Now,roughly75percentofallcashprovidedbybankstotheircustomersesfromcashmachines.(現(xiàn)在，銀行提供給客戶的現(xiàn)金中，大約75%來(lái)自自動(dòng)取款機(jī))”談及自動(dòng)取款機(jī)的普及和廣泛使用，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Devicesoriginallydismissedbythepublicarenowrecognizedasessentialinstitutions.(最初被公眾忽視的設(shè)備現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為是不可或缺的設(shè)施)”承接上文，總結(jié)自動(dòng)取款機(jī)命運(yùn)的變化，上下文語(yǔ)意連貫。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·安徽合肥·三模）Itwasinthecoldmidwinter,andthehomelesscouplestruggledthroughthenightsnow,seekingshelter.Thefathertobe21theroadsideforsomeplacewherehisstruggling22mightrestsafelyforthenight.ThatDecembernight,GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,wasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhe23thepairintheflashofhisheadlights.Heparkedhistruckand24theanimals.Gus25outhishandstothebeagles(比格犬),whichmadenoefforttoescape.Then,heplacedthedogsinhistruck.Gus26hisphone,tookapictureofthepairandsentittohiswife,KatieKiebelbeforecallingKatie.“Youcannotputthem27inthesnow,”shesaid.“Bringthemhome.”TheKiebelspreparedabedforthedogsontheirwarmhome,wherethe28animalslaytogether.However,alreadyhavingadog,theKiebelscouldn’t29tokeepnewones.Thenextday,Katietookthedogstotheshelter—ononecondition.“I’mnot30thedogsovertoyouifyou’regoingtoseparatethem,”shesaid.Theshelterworkerspromisedtokeepthecoupletogether.SoonafterChristmas,thebeagleswere31—asa32,toalovingfamily.It’sasimplestory,butitspeakstothe33ofournature.Andwhen34andlovetriumphovercrueltyandneglect,itcanfeellikethegreatest35ofall.21．A．looked B．headed C．searched D．figured22．A．panion B．pany C．friend D．effort23．A．scared B．a(chǎn)ttracted C．a(chǎn)ppealed D．spotted24．A．scared B．a(chǎn)pproached C．a(chǎn)ttracted D．a(chǎn)ppealed25．A．put B．laid C．made D．stretched26．A．broughtup B．tookout C．warmedup D．putdown27．A．down B．up C．back D．a(chǎn)side28．A．disappointed B．lovely C．unparalleled D．exhausted29．A．a(chǎn)fford B．offend C．intend D．succeed30．A．turning B．driving C．signing D．giving31．A．weled B．received C．a(chǎn)dopted D．presented32．A．pet B．pair C．family D．reward33．A．bottom B．basis C．fundamental D．best34．A．kindness B．curiosity C．generosity D．patience35．A．a(chǎn)chievement B．miracle C．career D．job【答案】21．C22．A23．D24．B25．D26．B27．C28．D29．A30．C31．C32．B33．D34．A35．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是在寒冷的冬夜，縣野生動(dòng)物官員GusKiebel發(fā)現(xiàn)了一對(duì)無(wú)家可歸的比格犬，后來(lái)他和他的妻子凱蒂為這對(duì)狗狗提供了溫暖和庇護(hù)。21．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這位準(zhǔn)父親在路邊尋找讓他苦苦掙扎的同伴可以安全地過(guò)夜的地方。A.looked看；B.headed朝（某方向）行進(jìn)；C.searched搜索，在（某地）搜尋；D.figured認(rèn)為，估計(jì)。結(jié)合上文“seekingshelter”可知，他在尋找一個(gè)可以休息的地方。故選C。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位準(zhǔn)父親在路邊尋找讓他苦苦掙扎的同伴可以安全地過(guò)夜的地方。A.panion同伴，伴侶；B.pany公司；C.friend朋友；D.effort努力。根據(jù)上文“thehomelesscouple”可知，這位準(zhǔn)爸爸是給自己的伴侶尋找過(guò)夜的地方。故選A。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那個(gè)12月的晚上，縣野生動(dòng)物官員GusKiebel下班開(kāi)車回家時(shí)，在車燈的閃爍下發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一對(duì)。A.scared使害怕；B.attracted吸引；C.appealed呼吁；D.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“thepairintheflashofhisheadlights”可知，GusKiebel是在閃爍的車燈下發(fā)現(xiàn)了這兩只動(dòng)物。故選D。24．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他停好卡車，走近動(dòng)物們。A.scared使害怕；B.approached接近；C.attracted吸引；D.appealed呼吁。根據(jù)下文“outhishandstothebeagles(比格犬),whichmadenoefforttoescape”可知，Gus是下車接近這兩只動(dòng)物。故選B。25．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Gus向比格犬們伸出手，比格犬們沒(méi)有試圖逃跑。A.put放；B.laid放置；C.made制作；D.stretched伸出。根據(jù)下文“outhishandstothebeagles”以及“Then,heplacedthedogsinhistruck.”可知，Gus向比格犬伸出手。故選D。26．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：Gus拿出，給這一對(duì)拍了張照片，發(fā)給了他的妻子KatieKiebel，然后給Katie打。A.broughtup撫養(yǎng)成人；B.tookout拿出；C.warmedup溫暖；D.putdown放下。根據(jù)下文“tookapictureofthepairandsentittohiswife”可知，Gus是拿出給這兩只比格犬拍了照片，并發(fā)送給妻子。故選B。27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：你不能把它們放回雪地里。A.down朝下，向下；B.up向上；C.back向后，回原處；D.aside在旁邊。根據(jù)上文“Then,heplacedthedogsinhistruck.”可知，Gus已經(jīng)把狗放在他的卡車?yán)铮Y(jié)合空后“inthesnow”以及下文“Bringthemhome”可知，他的妻子的意思是不能把動(dòng)物再放回雪地里，叫他把動(dòng)物帶回家。故選C。28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Kiebel夫婦在溫暖的家里為狗狗們準(zhǔn)備了一張床，讓筋疲力盡的狗狗們躺在一起。A.disappointed失望的；B.lovely可愛(ài)的；C.unparalleled無(wú)與倫比的；D.exhausted筋疲力盡的。根據(jù)第一段中“Itwasinthecoldmidwinter,andthehomelesscouplestruggledthroughthenightsnow,seekingshelter.”可知，在寒冷的冬夜，這一對(duì)動(dòng)物在雪地里跋涉尋找棲身之所，已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了。故選D。29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，Kiebel一家已經(jīng)有了一只狗，他們負(fù)擔(dān)不起再養(yǎng)一只新的。A.afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起；B.offend冒犯；C.intend打算；D.succeed成功。根據(jù)上文“However,alreadyhavingadog”可知，因?yàn)樗乙呀?jīng)有一只狗了，所以負(fù)擔(dān)不起再養(yǎng)一只。故選A。30．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你要把狗分開(kāi)，我是不會(huì)把它們交給你的。A.turning轉(zhuǎn)向；B.driving開(kāi)車；C.signing簽名，簽字；D.giving給。根據(jù)下文“ifyou’regoingtoseparatethem”可知，Katie是意思是如果庇護(hù)所要把它們倆分開(kāi)，她就不把狗給庇護(hù)所，也就是她不會(huì)簽字同意把狗給庇護(hù)所。固定搭配signsthover(tosb)意為“簽字轉(zhuǎn)讓（權(quán)利或財(cái)產(chǎn)）”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：圣誕節(jié)后不久，這對(duì)比格犬被收養(yǎng)了——作為一對(duì)，被一個(gè)充滿愛(ài)的家庭收養(yǎng)。A.weled歡迎；B.received收到；C.adopted收養(yǎng)；D.presented呈現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“toalovingfamily”可知，那對(duì)比格犬被人收養(yǎng)了。故選C。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：圣誕節(jié)后不久，這對(duì)比格犬被收養(yǎng)了——作為一對(duì)，被一個(gè)充滿愛(ài)的家庭收養(yǎng)。A.pet寵物；B.pair一對(duì)；C.family家人；D.reward回報(bào)。根據(jù)上文“Theshelterworkerspromisedtokeepthecoupletogether”可知，庇護(hù)所的工作人員沒(méi)有分開(kāi)它們倆，所以它們作為一對(duì)，一起被收養(yǎng)。故選B。33．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的故事，但它道出了我們本性中最美好的一面。A.bottom底部；B.basis基礎(chǔ)；C.fundamental基本原則；D.best最好的事物。根據(jù)上文講述的Gus把比格犬帶回家、并送到庇護(hù)所的善舉以及下文“l(fā)ovetriumphovercrueltyandneglect”可知，這個(gè)故事道出了我們本性中最美好的一面。故選D。34．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)善良和愛(ài)戰(zhàn)勝殘酷和忽視時(shí)，感覺(jué)就像最偉大的奇跡。A.kindness善良；B.curiosity好奇心；C.generosity慷慨；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)下文“andlovetriumphovercrueltyandneglect”和上文Gus把比格犬帶回家、并送到庇護(hù)所的善舉可知，此處表示“當(dāng)善良和愛(ài)戰(zhàn)勝殘酷和忽視時(shí)，感覺(jué)就像最偉大的奇跡”。故選A。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)善良和愛(ài)戰(zhàn)勝殘酷和忽視時(shí)，感覺(jué)就像最偉大的奇跡。A.achievement成就；B.miracle奇跡；C.career職業(yè)生涯；D.job工作。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ovetriumphovercrueltyandneglect,itcanfeellikethegreatest”可知，當(dāng)善良和愛(ài)戰(zhàn)勝殘酷和忽視時(shí)，感覺(jué)就像最偉大的奇跡。故選B。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（2024·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·三模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Putianwoodcarving,oneofthefourwellknown36(category)oftheartofChinesewoodcarving,originatedintheTangandSongDynasties.37(serve)