2017職稱英語《衛(wèi)生A級》鞏固試題及答案

2017職稱英語《衛(wèi)生A級》鞏固試題及答案AMemoryDrug??IT’SDIFFICULTTOIMAGINEMANYTHINGSthatpeoplewouldwelcomemorethanamemory-enhancingdrug.____1____Furthermore,suchadrugcouldhelppeoplerememberpastexperiencesmoreclearlyandhelpusacquirenewinformationmoreeasilyforschoolandatwork.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.1?SomeofthemostexcitingevidencecomesfromresearchthathasbuiltonearlierfindingslinkingLTP2andmemorytoidentifyagenethatimprovesmemoryinmice.____2____MicebredtohaveextracopiesofthisgeneshowedmoreactivityintheirNMDAreceptors，moreLTP，andimprovedperformanceonseveraldifferentmemorytasks—learningaspatiallayout3,recognizingfamiliarobjects，andrecallingafear-inducingshock.?Ifthesebasicinsightsaboutgenes,LTP,andthesynapticbasisofmemorycanbetranslatedtopeople—andthatremainstobeseen—theycouldpavethewayformemory-enhancingtreatments.____3____Asexcitingasthismaysound,italsoraisestroublingissues.Considerthepotentialeducationalimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugs.Ifmemoryenhancerswereavailable,childrenwhousedthemmightbeabletoacquireandretainextraordinaryamountsofinformation,allowingthemtoprogressfarmorerapidlyinschoolthantheycouldotherwise.Howwellcouldthebrainhandlesuchanonslaughtofinformation?Whathappenstochildrenwhodon’thaveaccesstothelatestmemoryenhancers?Aretheyleftbehindinschool—andasaresulthandicappedlaterinlife??____4____Imaginethatyouareapplyingforajobthatrequiresagoodmemory，suchasamanageratatechnologycompanyorasalespositionthatrequiresrememberingcustomers’namesaswellastheattributesofdifferentproductsandservices.Wouldyoutakeamemory-enhancingdrugtoincreaseyourchancesoflandingtheposition?Wouldpeoplewhofeltuncomfortabletakingsuchadrugfindthemselvescutoutoflucrativecareeropportunities??Memorydrugsmightalsohelptakethestingoutofdisturbingmemoriesthatwewishwecouldforgetbutcan’t.4The2004hitmovieEternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMindtoldthestoryofayoungmanseekingjustsuchfreedomfromthepainfulmemoriesofaromanticbreakup.Asyouwillseeinthesectiononpersistencelaterinthechapter,emotionallyarousingeventsoftencreateintrusivememories,andresearchershavealreadymutedemotionalmemorieswithdrugsthatblocktheactionofkeyhormones.Shouldemergencyworkerswhomustconfronthorrifyingaccidentscenesthatcanburdenthemwithpersistingmemoriesbeprovidedwithsuchdrugs?Shouldsuchdrugsbegiventorapevictimswhocan’tforgetthetrauma?Memorydrugsmightprovidesomerelieftosuchindividuals.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandcometotermswithadifficultexperience?5____5____?詞匯：?tantalizing誘人的synaptic(解剖學(xué))突觸的?steroid類固醇o(jì)nslaught大量?lucrative有利可圖的hit(演出等)成功注釋：?1.Asscientistslearnmoreaboutmemory,weareclosinginonthistantalizinggoal.隨著科學(xué)家們對記憶了解增多，我們正接近這一誘人的目標(biāo)。?2.LTP&SNMDA：(Long-termPotentiation)給突觸前纖維一個短暫的髙頻剌激后，突觸傳遞效率和強度增加幾倍且能持續(xù)數(shù)小時至幾天保持這種增強的現(xiàn)象。LTP發(fā)現(xiàn)海馬LTP可能是學(xué)習(xí)記憶的分子基礎(chǔ)。1973年Bliss及其合作者，電刺激麻醉兔的內(nèi)嗅皮層，使海馬表層的穿通纖維興奮，可在齒狀回記錄到場電位。先用高頻電刺激幾秒鐘后，再用單個電刺激，記錄到的部分場電位幅度大大超過原先記錄的對照值，并可持續(xù)幾小時，幾天。這一現(xiàn)象稱為長時程增強效應(yīng)(LTP)。1983年發(fā)現(xiàn)NMDA(N—甲基一D—門冬氨酸)受體通道復(fù)合體在LTP過程中起重要作用，進一步深化了對LTP在大腦學(xué)習(xí)記憶中作用的理解。?3.aspatiallayout：空間布局?4.Memorydrugsmightalsohelptakethestingoutofdisturbingmemoriesthatwewishwecouldforgetbutcan’t：增強記憶藥對我們想忘記卻又不能的令人煩擾的記憶變得令人易于接受。takethestingoutof：使……易于被接受;使……令人感到愉快?5.Butcouldtheyalsointerferewithanindividual’sabilitytoassimilateandcometotermswithadifficultexperience?中的cometotermswith：讓步;屈服?練習(xí)：?ALikesteroidsforbulkingupthemuscles,thesedrugswouldbulkupmemory.?BAmemoryenhancercouldhelpeliminateforgettingassociatedwithaginganddisease.?CWhatarethepotentialimplicationsofmemory-enhancingdrugsfortheworkplace??DWemayfindourselvesstrugglingwiththesekindsofquestionsinthenot-too-distantfuture.?EThereisapillthatyoucouldtakeeverydaytoallowyoutoremembereverything.?FThegenemakesaproteinthatassiststheNMDA2receptor，whichplaysanimportantroleinlong-termmemorybyhelpingtoinitiateLTP.?答案與題解：?1.B依據(jù)上一句的“很難想象一種提高人們記憶力的藥會受到人們吹捧”;下面應(yīng)該對這一現(xiàn)象做出解釋，即這種藥物有什么療效;而后一句的Furthermore這一指示詞起到了遞進的作用，進一步說明這種藥物的益處。Morethan：非常，極其，十分?2.F前一句的關(guān)鍵詞是gene、LTP和mice，它講的是有些令人興奮的證據(jù)是從研究中得出的;該研究基于早期連接LTP和記憶的發(fā)現(xiàn)，該結(jié)果確定了提髙老鼠記憶的基因;而后一句進一步闡述這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，開頭的mice可以是一個連接詞。?3.A前一句講：如果這種結(jié)果用于人類的話，人們就有可能把提高人的記憶力用于臨床。這一句講：就像類固醇用于提髙人的肌肉能