2021年人教版中考英語賓語從句詳解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（含答案）

賓語從句(ObjectClause)

一、定義與分類

1、在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。

2、賓語從句分為三類：動詞的賓語從句，介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.

3、時(shí)態(tài)：

a主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。

b主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。

c主句用過去時(shí)，從句是真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

二、賓語從句的連接詞

1、從屬連詞

連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。

that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句

Eg：

Hetoldmethathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear。他告訴我他下一年上大學(xué).

Idon'tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.我不知道是否還會有公交車.

Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒人知道他是否會通過考試.

2、連接代詞

連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等.

連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述.在從句中充當(dāng)名詞性成分。

Eg：

DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道誰贏了這一局紅警游戲嗎？

Idon'tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.我不知道你該依靠誰.

ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.

Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?

你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎？

3、連接副詞

連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成分。

Eg：

Hedidn'ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.

Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎？

Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒人知道這些新的零件能在哪里買到.

三、動詞的賓語從句

1、大多數(shù)動詞都可以帶賓語從句

Weallexpectthattheywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.

我們都預(yù)料他們會贏，因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.

Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.

他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中，他都會幫忙的.

2、部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句

Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.

Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?你能算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎？

3、動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句

常見的這些詞有：

makesure確保makeupone'smind下決心keepinmind牢記

Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.

在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.

4、可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句

①動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語

從句后置.

Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.

IfeelitapitythatIhavenbeentotheget?togethe匚我沒去聚會，感覺mE常遺憾.

IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.

Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismater.

我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要.

②有些動詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it,此時(shí)it無實(shí)際意義。

這類動詞主要有:hate,take,owe,have,seeto.

Eg：

Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.

Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.他會認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.

Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的.

Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.

開啟發(fā)動機(jī)時(shí)，一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.

③若賓語從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替

Eg：

Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.

Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)至ij的東西都是有用的.

四、介詞的賓語從句

1、用wh-類的介詞賓語從句

Eg：

Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.

我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.

ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.

這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升如太空的.

2、用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句

有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.

對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一無所知.

四、形容詞的賓語從句

常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有：sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

Eg：

IamsureIwillpasstheexam.我確信我會通過考試.

IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.

HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.

他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.

五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別

①if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后，介詞后一

般不用if

②少數(shù)動詞，如leave,pul,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.

③whether后可以加ornol,但是if不可以.

④在不定式前只能用whether.

Ican'tdecidewhethertostay.我不能決定是否留下。

⑤避免歧異時(shí)，我們常用whether而不用if.

六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that

1、當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時(shí)；

2、當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí)；

3、當(dāng)賓語從句前置時(shí)；eg.Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.

4、當(dāng)一個(gè)動詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí)，此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略；

5、當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí)；

6、當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí)；

7、當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時(shí)；

8、當(dāng)主語中的謂語動詞是固定詞組時(shí)；

9、當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí)；

七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1、主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第

一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.

Eg：

Idon'tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說成Ithinkhewon'tcometomyparty.

我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會.

Idon'tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?

我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的，是不是？

2、如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.

Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是？

八、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序

1、當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響.

2、當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)

①從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時(shí)發(fā)生

Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn'tknowwhatcountryhewasin.

我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書，可不知道是哪個(gè)國家.

HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryTheOldManandtheSeawhenhewasin.

他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>.

②從句用過去完成時(shí)表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前

HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.

他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴的了Mary.

③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后

Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.

記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.

3、如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化

Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn).

4、當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí)，不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將

這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首

Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?

你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.

5、運(yùn)用虛擬語氣的情況

在表示：建議(suggest,advise)要求(demand、desire、require>request>propose)決定(decide)

命令(order、command)堅(jiān)決主張(insist)等動詞后跟賓語從句，用(should)+v.(虛擬語氣)

eg.Isuggestedthatyou(should)studyhard.

Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.

九、學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語序和時(shí)態(tài)。

1.連接詞

連接詞一般都是that(指事務(wù)或人),which(指事)，who(指人)

a.從句為陳述句，常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。

b.從句為一般疑問句，常選擇連接詞if或whether。在whether...ornot結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用if替換。

c.從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑問代、副詞作連接詞。

2、語序

賓語從句一般用陳述語序。當(dāng)who為主語時(shí)，句式為：who+謂語+其他

3.判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況：

1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句為各種時(shí)態(tài)情況。

2.主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

賓語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

一、將下面的句子連接成為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。

1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.

HesaidtheseflowersfromGuangdong.

2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.

Myteachertoldmelightfasterthansound.

3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn'tknow.

Jackdidn'tknowthereameetinginfivedays.

4.CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.

IwanttoknowFrench.

5.Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.

Tellmethechildrengames.

6.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.

Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGanghomeworkyet.

7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?

Whoknowsinthepicture?

8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?

Doyouknowhercar?

9.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.

Thegirlwonderedoftenabout.

10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon'tknow.

Idon91knowatthedoorsoloudly.

11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.

Idon'tknowhestillinthatstreet.

12.What'shisname?Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhat.

13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.

Pleasetellme.

14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.

Heaskedtheboystheyfriedchicken.

15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.

Idon'tknowthewatchmadeinShanghai.

二、選擇填空。

()1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid.

A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit

C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring

()2.Tomaskedmyfriend.

A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon

C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry

()3.Letmetellyou.

A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost

C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar

()4.Peterknew.

A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions

C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleavefbrParis

()5.Couldyoutellme?

A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor

C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein

()6.1can'tunderstandtheboyalone.

A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft

()7.Shetoldmethesunintheeast.

A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen

()8.1don'tknowupsoearlylastSunday.

A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot

()9.Themanagercameuptosee.

A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.whafsthematter

()10.Heaskedhisfather.

A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen

()11.Noonetellsus,soweneedyourhelp.

A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit

()12.Couldyoupleaseteachmethecomputer.

A.howcheckB.tocheckC.howtocheckD.tohowchecking

()13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.

AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

()14.-WheredoyouthinkhetheTVset?

-Sorry,Fvenoidea.

A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought

()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantellitwouldbelikeinfiveyears.

A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another

()16.—Couldyoutellme?—Yes.HetotheUSA.

A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgone

C.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone

()17.—Mikewantstoknowifapicnictomorrow.

-Yes.Butifit,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.

A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrain

C.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains

()18.1reallydon'tknowifsheitwhenshe.

A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives

()19.MissLiusaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what

()20.Heaskedme.

A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCupB.whenwastheAPECmeetingheld

C.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTOD.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld

()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeperWhoMovedMyCheesewasan

interestingbook.

A.thatB.howC.whatD.if

()22.Youmustremember

A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersay

B.C.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid

()23.1dorTtknow

A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIlive

C.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein

)24.-----Doyouknowwhenheback?

-----Sorry,Idon,9t.Whenheback,I'lltellyou.

A.comes;comesB.comes;willcomeC.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome

)25Thegirlsaskediftheysomefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

)26Marysaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___aPEclasstoday.

A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are

()28.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

()29.1don'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

()30.Doyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening?

A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

三、用合適的連接詞填空。

1.Jimtoldmehedidn*tgofishingyesterdayafternoon,(how,why)

2.Doyouknowelseisgoingtobeondutytoday?(who,whom)

3.Shesaiditwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)

4.Healwaysthinkshecandobetter.(how,who)

5.1reallydon'tknowthebridgewillbefinished,(howlong,howsoon)

6.Theydon'tknowtogoorwait,(if,whether)

7.Wearetalkingaboutwe'llgobacktomorrow,(whether,if)

8.1wasreallysurprisedatIsaw.(where,what)

9.1don'tknowsomanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)

10.Doyouknowyouarestudyingfor?(why,what)

四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

1."Doyouwanttotryit?"Tom'smotheraskedhim.(同義句)

Tom'smotheraskedhimtotryit.

2.1thinkthisisagoodidea.(改為否定句)

Ithisagoodidea.

3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.(改為復(fù)合句)

Lucyhasn'tdecidedbuy.

4.1don'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改為簡單句)