2017下半年公共英語(yǔ)5級(jí)寫作語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟2017下半年公共英語(yǔ)5級(jí)寫作語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：公共英語(yǔ)的寫作不僅要積累相關(guān)的寫作模板，還要具備一定的寫作語(yǔ)法，下面YJBYS小編分享2017下半年公共英語(yǔ)5級(jí)寫作語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)，歡迎參考!?虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.概念?虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。?2.在條件句中的應(yīng)用?條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。?真實(shí)條件句?真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中if是如果的意思。?時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系?句型：條件從句+主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形?Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.?典型例題?Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.?A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined?答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。?注意：?1)在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用begoingto表示將來(lái)，該用shall,will.?(錯(cuò))Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.?(對(duì))Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.?2)表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞便不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。?非真實(shí)條件句時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。?a.同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。?句型：條件從句+主句?一般過去時(shí)：should(would)+動(dòng)詞原形?Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.?b.表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。?句型：條件從句+主句?過去完成時(shí)：should(would)have+過去分詞?Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.?Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.?IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.?Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.?含義：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.?Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.?含義：Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.?c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)的假想?句型：條件從句+主句?一般過去時(shí)：should+動(dòng)詞原形/were+不定式/would+動(dòng)詞原形/should+動(dòng)詞原形?Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.?Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.?Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.?混合條件句主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。?Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.?(從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。)?Ifithadrainedlastnight(過去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(現(xiàn)在).?虛擬條件句的倒裝?虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were、should、或had可將if省略，再把were、should或had移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。?Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.?=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim?=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.?Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.?=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.?注意：?在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。?IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.?如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。?Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.?如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。?典型例題?_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.?A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI?答案C.在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中如果有were,should,had這三個(gè)詞，通常將if省略，主語(yǔ)提前,變成were、should、had+主語(yǔ)的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說WereInottodo，而不能說WerentItodo.?besides?except?exceptfor?exceptthat?but?butforbesides除tknowPeterexceptthathesanJapanese.?Theresnothingbutachairintheroom.?Butforyourhelp，Iwouldnthavefinishedmyhomework.?注意：?(1)形容詞最高級(jí)前要用the，而副詞最高級(jí)前的the可省。?(2)下面這些詞的比較等級(jí)可在后面加-er/-est或在前面加more/most構(gòu)成。?cruel，often，able，clear，clever，correct，dear，free，friendly，happy，handsome，likely，lively，pleasant，right，simple，quiet，solid?，strange，strict，stupid，wrong，etc.?5.形容詞、副詞比較等級(jí)常用的句型及用法：?類別用法及意義句型結(jié)構(gòu)例句?原級(jí)沒有比較very/so/quite/too，etc.+原級(jí)Itwasverywarmyesterday.?二者比較程度相同as+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象YouareascleverasMike.?一方是另一方的幾倍...timesas+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象Thisbridgeisfivetimesaslongasthatone.?二者比，程度不同...notas+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象Youarenotastallashe.?二者比，前者不如后者...notso+原級(jí)+as+比較對(duì)象Mathisntsohardasphysics.?比較級(jí)二者比，一方比另一方更reyoungerthanTom.?二者比，A比Bsmuchhottertodaythanitwasyesterday.?A比B甚至還要sstillstrongerthanJack.?Hesfarolderthanyou.?表越來(lái)越sgettingfatterandfatter.?understand.?A比B(高，長(zhǎng)sgettinghealthierandstrongerthanhisbrother.?表比slessrichthanhe.?表與其說，不如smorethanateacher.?Shesmorethantired.?表并不比某某snotallerthanyou.?最高級(jí)三者或三者以上比較某某最soneofthebeststudentsinthisclass.?第幾大/長(zhǎng)saletterforyou.?用于指初次提到某人/物Shehasadog.?指某類物或人中的任何一個(gè)Ahorserunsfast.?用在不可數(shù)名詞前表一次/場(chǎng)/或一個(gè)/種人或物Iwouldlikeaco