非謂語動詞十大解題原則-學生版

非謂語動詞非謂語動詞主要包括todo,-ing和-ed三種形式，可是其用法非常廣泛，它不僅是高考單項選擇題測試的一個重點，而且也是完形填空、閱讀理解、短文改錯的重要考查內容。為了能更好地掌握非謂語動詞的用法，老師在教學實踐中總結出十條實用的解題原則，并且還用相關的題目來解釋這些原則。根據這些原則，相信同學們可以輕松地應對非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)意義不定式一般式與謂語動詞動作同時或在其后進行式同時完成式之前現在分詞/動名詞一般式與謂語動詞同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生完成式先于謂語動詞前過去分詞與主語為邏輯上的被動關系，表動作已完成規(guī)律性非謂語動詞試題的解題步驟（有提示詞）高考中大部分的非謂語動詞試題都屬于規(guī)律性的試題，解答這種類型的題目時，我們需按照“找邏輯主語、判斷關系、判斷形式”三個步驟來解題，即“第一，找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語；第二，判斷邏輯主語與非謂語動詞之間的邏輯關系，主動？被動？還是表示目的或者將來？第三，判斷非謂語動詞的形式?！弊⒁猓涸谡Z法填空中，首先要判斷所給提示詞在句中到底是做謂語還是非謂語。判定用非謂語動詞形式的根本依據就是“句中已有謂語”，即，句子不缺謂語的情況下，所給提示詞才能考慮用其非謂語動詞形式。一、區(qū)分簡單句與復合句，判斷式謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞Thatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveidea,soIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_____(close)mybookandwalkedaway.Wealsohavetoconsiderthefeelingoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.Althoughhehasbeentoldmanytimes,hestill(make)thesamemistake.Hewonthefirstprizeand(surprise)allofus.Withsomanypeople(communicate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbecomemoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.Nowadays,almosteveryone_(realize)thatsmokingisharmfultopeople’shealth.There(be)nobus,Ihadtowalkhome.(spend)moretimeonyourstudy,andyouarelikelytomakebiggerprogress.(spend)moretimeonyourstudyisnecessaryforyoutomakeprogressinstudy.Hetotallydevotedhimselftosciencestudy,which(make)hisfamilyveryupset.Whattheshop(sell)nowattractsalotofcustomers.Thebeliefisthateveryone(depend)onthemselves,andthechoicetheymakeisofgreatimportance.非謂語動詞在高考中的具體應用一、非謂語動詞作狀語的題型：1._________(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.2.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,_________(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.3._________(complete)theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.二、非謂語動詞作定語的題型：1.Agreatnumberofstudents_________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.2.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone_________(repair)firstisthelibrary.十大解題原則原則一、兩個句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，則需要用非謂語動詞例1._________manytimes,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold

B.Havingtold

C.Hehadbeentold

D.Thoughhehadbeentold例2．_________manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold

B.Havingtold

C.Hehadbeentold

D.Thoughhehadtold原則二、不及物動詞無-ed形式非謂語動詞，及物動詞有賓語時用-ing形式，無賓語時用-ed形式例3.____________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.Havinglost

B.Lost

C.Beinglost

D.Losing例4.__________,IreallybelievethatI’dprefernottomakeanychangenow.A.Consideredallthepossibilities

B.TakingallthepossibilitiesintoconsiderationC.Takenallthepossibilitiesintoconsideration

D.Givingallthepossibilities原則三、beingdone表示“正在被”，一般不作狀語，只作定語。非謂語動詞的完成時形式tohavedone或havingdone強調該動作發(fā)生在句子謂語動詞之前例5.__toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.Fail

B.Failed

C.TofailD.Havingfailed例6.TimBemers-Leeisgenerallyconsidered_____theWorldWideWeb,onwhichalltheinformationissharedbyall.A.tohavefounded

B.havingfounded

C.founding

D.tofound原則四、非謂語動詞作定語時，表示將來用-todo，表正在進行用-ing，表示已經完成用-ed例7.Theplay_____nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture．A．produced

B．beingproducedC．tobeproduced

D．havingbeenproduced例8.Thetrees_____inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndown

B.blowndown

C.blowingdown

D.toblowdown原則五、介詞后跟-ing形式，可以在-ing前加邏輯主語例9.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______________.A.thethiefhavingbeencaught

B.thethieftobecaughtC.catchthethief

D.thethiefbeingcaught例10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks____couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosed

B.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose原則六、-ing形式或todo可作主語或賓語，-ed形式則不可以例11.___________inaheavytrafficjamisquiteanunpleasantexperience.A.Caught

B.Havingcaught

C.Beingcaught

D.Tocatch例12___twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.A.Examining

B.Examined

C.Beingexamined

D.Havingbeenexamined原則七、be+-ed+介詞結構?？砂裝e去掉保留-ed+介詞做狀語例13Michael’snewhouseislikeahugepalace,______withhisoldone.A.comparing

B.compares

C.tocompare

D.compared例14_______withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.A.Toface

B.Havingfaced

C.Faced

D.Facing原則八、非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，和句子主語構成主謂關系時用-ing形式，構成動賓關系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，要在非謂語動詞前加邏輯主語，構成獨立主格結構例15．____twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechangedourdog.A.Beingbitten

B.Bitten

C.HavingbittenD.Tobebitten例16._______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.

B.Walking

C.Walked

D.Havingwalked例17.

Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A.thedoorbellrang

B.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellring

D.weheardthedoorbellrings例18.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons____fortheday.A.finishing

B.finished

C.hadfinished

D.werefinished原則九、不定式做狀語一般有兩種：目的狀語和出乎意料的結果狀語（表示順其自然的結果用-ing形式）。另外，某些形容詞（表喜、怒、哀、樂）做表語后跟不定式可以表示原因例19．_____,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.Beingawinner

B.Tobeawinner

C.Beawinner

D.Havingbeenawinner例20.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_______thefilmstarshadleft.A.totell

B.tobetold

C.tellingD.told例21.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,________inthenaturallightduringtheday.A.tolet

B.letting

C.let

D.havinglet例22.HowgladIam___________you!A.seeing

B.tosee

C.saw

D.havingseen原則十、非謂語動詞的否定原則是在非謂語動詞前加not，有nottodo,notdoing,nothavingdone,nottohavedone幾種形式例23______thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.A.Notrealized

B.Nottorealize

C.Notrealizing

D.Nottohaverealized例24.Whatworriedhimmostwas______tovisithissickchild.A.hisbeingnotallowed

B.hisnotbeingallowedC.hisnotallowing

D.havingnotbeenallowed例25.Sarahhasdecided________awayonholidaythissummer.A.don’tgo

B.tonotgo

C.notgoing

D.nottogo考點突破，真題演練單句填空：用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。1._____________(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全國)2.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse__________(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_________(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(遼寧)4.—CanIsmokehere?—Sorry.Wearen’tallow___________(smoke)here.(江蘇)5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_______(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陜西)6.Ican’tstand_________(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses________(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_____________(repair).(陜西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried________(live)alone,butshedidn’tlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南)9.—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted____________(nottake)hisadvice!(安徽)10.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways________(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.(湖南)11.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks__________________(openandclose)couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.(全國)12.—Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomedto_______(nottalk)atmeals.(江蘇)13.Isn'tittimeyougotdownto________(mark)thepapers?(重慶)14.Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto________(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.(上海)15.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto________(walk)intheflower-linedgarden.(上海)16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________(pass)theexam.(福建)17.AccordingtoarecentU.S.survey,childrenspendupto25hoursaweek________(watch)TV.(上海)18.Ibelievethat’sthebestwaytopreventsuchathingfrom_______(happen)again.(全國)19.Didyouhavetroublein________(find)thepostoffice?(全國)20.Sandycoulddonothingbut________(admit)tohisteacherthathewaswrong.(上海)21.Ismellsomething________(burn)inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?(全國)22.Don’tleavethewater________(run)whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津)23.Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire___________(burn)allnight.(全國)24.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_____________(carry)outthenextyear.(全國)25.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish___________(speak)asmuchaswecan.(江蘇)26.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem____________(interest)inhislectures.(江蘇)27.Energydrinksarenotallowed________(make)inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(上海)28.Myadviserencouragedme________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(北京)29.Myparentshavealwaysmademe________(feel)goodaboutmyself,evenwhenIwastwelve.(江蘇)30.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher________(grow)upfromchildhood.(全國)31.Themotherfeltherself________(grow)coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(上海)32.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade________(learn).Healwaysworkshard.(全國)33.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Sorry.Withsomuchwork________(fill)mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.(福建)34.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork____________(finish),hegladlyacceptedit.(安徽)35.Withalotofdifficultproblems________(set),thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(上海)36.Thedirectorhadherassistant______(pick)upsomehotdogsforthemeeting.(全國)37.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—Hehadit________(fix),becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.(安徽)38.JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish________(improve)inashortperiod.(福建)39.Helenhadtoshouttomakeherself________(hear)abovethe