江蘇省南通通州區(qū)2025屆高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期第三次調(diào)研測(cè)試試題含解析

PAGEPAGE21江蘇省南通通州區(qū)2025屆高三英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期第三次調(diào)研測(cè)試試題（含解析）注意事項(xiàng)考生在答題前請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀本留意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求1．答題前，請(qǐng)您務(wù)必將自己的姓名、學(xué)校、考位號(hào)用書(shū)寫(xiě)黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆填寫(xiě)在答題紙上。2．請(qǐng)仔細(xì)核對(duì)監(jiān)考員在答題卡上所粘貼的條形碼上的姓名、考試證號(hào)與你本人的是否相符。3.答題時(shí),必需用書(shū)寫(xiě)黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆寫(xiě)在答題紙上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律無(wú)效。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題，每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatcanbesaidabouttheman'sworkschedule?A.Itislight.B.Itisflexible.C.Itistight.2.Whydidthemangodownstairsthesecondtime?A.Toreadsomebooks.B.Toturnoffthelights.C.Togetsomethingtodrink.3.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gasuphiscar.B.Checkthebrakes.C.Putairinthetires.4.Whatiswrongwiththeman?A.Hehashadabadcold.B.Hehasaneyeillness.C.Hehasareactioninspring.5.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Excited.B.Relaxed.C.Tired.其次節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoistheman?A.Awebdesigner.B.Afashiondesigner.C.Afurnituredesigner.7.Whatdothespeakersagreetodointheend?A.Tradeservices.B.Decoratetheirhouse.C.Starttheirownbusiness.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Atastore.C.Athome.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.ChangethelightcolorofherphoneB.Gotothehospitaltocheckhereyes.C.Getanewphone.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Howmanysignsdothespeakersneed?A.Three.B.Five.C.Six.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthesignsaccordingtothewoman?A.Todescribetheproducts.B.Totellthesale'stime.C.Toshowthelocation.12.Whatitemsdoesthewomanwanttosellmost?A.Books.B.Furniture.C.Electronics.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.WhatwillJohnprobablyeat?AAsoup.B.Asalad.C.Asandwich.14.Whywon'tJohngetadrink?A.Hedoesn'thaveenoughmoney.B.Hehasalreadypreparedadrink.C.Hedoesn'twantsomethinghot.15.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Buyingameal.B.Keepinghealthy.C.Makingnewfriends.16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Theyarefamilymembers.B.Theyknoweachother.C.Theyarestrangers.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatdoesMarieKondodo?A.Awriter.B.Ateacher.C.Aprogramhostess.18.WhenwasMarieKondoawardedbyTimemagazine?A.In2011.B.In2015.C.In2024.19.WheremightMarieKondospendherchildhood?A.IntheU.S.B.IntheU.K.C.InJapan.20.WhatdoesMarieKondoprobablydowithherthings?A.Buyanythingthatmakesherhappy.B.Throwawaythethingsshedoesn'tneed.C.Pickoutthethingsshefailstoorganize.其次部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ACourseAdvisor1EducationSalesExecutiveWouldyoubeinterestedinjoiningasupportiveandfriendlyteamwithasharedpassionforsellingtheirexcitingportfolioofcourses?TheOrganization:Itisaninternationalnetworkthatoffersawidevarietyofprograms,includingbachelor’sdegreeprograms,master'sdegreeprograms,professionaltraining,EnglishLanguagetraining.andcorporate&executiveeducation.WhensomeonechoosestostudyatoneoftheirinstitutionswhetheroncampusinEurope,NorthAmerica,orevenintheirownhomethey'rejoininganetworkofover50,000studentsworldwide.TheRole:CourseadvisersareresponsibleforpromotingtheCompany'sprogramportfoliotopotentialstudentsoverthephoneandviae-mail,formingavitalandintegralpartofthesalesteam.Youwillhaveanaturalgiftforsalesandrelationship-building,andahungertoexceed(超出)targetsandexpectations.Benefits:TheCompanyoffersexcellentopportunitiesforfasttrackcareerprogressionwhichisentirelyperformancedriven.Theyrewardtopperformersgivingyoutheopportunitytoearnaswellasprogress.Requirements:PleaseclickontheAPPLYbuttontosendyourCVandCoverLetterforthisrole.TheCompanyisanequalopportunitiesemployerandpositivelyencouragesapplicationsfromsuitablyqualifiedandeligiblecandidatesregardlessofsex,race,disability,age,orreligionorbelief.Norecordofcrimeisamust.1.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofthecoursesmentionedinthepassage?A.Theyaretotallyfreeofcharge. B.Theyhaveoptionalcampuses.C.Theyrequirehighintelligence. D.Theycanbeeasilypromoted.2.TopperformersoftheCompanymayhave________.A.ahighsalary B.afreetourabroad C.aholidayasabonus D.aflatasareward3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.ThosewhowanttopolishtheirEnglish. B.Thosewhotrytodeveloptheirprograms.C.Thosewhoneedtoadvancetheirdegrees. D.Thosewhoaregoodatpromotingproducts.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章是一個(gè)銷(xiāo)售崗位的詳細(xì)介紹，包括職責(zé)、福利及要求等?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)TheOrganization:部分“Whensomeonechoosestostudyatoneoftheirinstitutions—whetheroncampusinEurope,NorthAmerica,orevenintheirownhomethey'rejoininganetworkofover50,000studentsworldwide.(當(dāng)一個(gè)人選擇在他們的其中一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)——無(wú)論是在歐洲或者北美的校內(nèi)，甚至是在他們自己的家里，他們就加入了一個(gè)超過(guò)5萬(wàn)名全球?qū)W生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。)”可知，可以選擇校內(nèi)是這個(gè)課程的好處之一。故選B項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Benefits:部分“Theyrewardtopperformersgivingyoutheopportunitytoearnaswellasprogress.(他們嘉獎(jiǎng)表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀的員工，讓你有機(jī)會(huì)獲得收入和進(jìn)步。)”可知，表現(xiàn)優(yōu)秀的員工可能會(huì)有高收入。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第一段“Wouldyoubeinterestedinjoiningasupportiveandfriendlyteamwithasharedpassionforsellingtheirexcitingportfolioofcourses?(你有愛(ài)好加入一個(gè)相互支持且友好的團(tuán)隊(duì)嗎？這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)銷(xiāo)售他們令人激烈的課程組合有著共同的熱忱。)”可知，本文是一個(gè)銷(xiāo)售崗位的詳細(xì)介紹，所以是寫(xiě)給那些擅長(zhǎng)推銷(xiāo)產(chǎn)品的人。故選D項(xiàng)。BLa-PierrehadflownfromBostontoChicago,sleepinginO'HareAirporttosavemoney.EarlyonthemorningofOctober13,heboardedthecity'sBlueLinetoheadfortheChicagoMarathon.Thetrainwasfullofenergizedmarathoners.La-Pierretookaseatnexttoafellowrunnerandbeganchatting.Beforelong,La-Pierrenoticedamanwhoseemedtobehomelessmovingfrompassengertopassenger,askingforsparechange.HisbehaviorstruckLa-Pierreas“reallyweird”,especiallythewayhestareddownanyonehefelthadn'tgivenhimenough.AttheCumberlandstation,severalstopsbeforetheoneforthemarathon,mostofthepassengerssuddenlyfledthecar.La-Pierreshocked,rushedouttoseewhatwasgoingon,onlytohearpanickedpeopleshoutingthatthemanaskingformoneywas,infact,anarmedandrobbingguy.Justthen,thearmedmanhimselfexitedthetraincarandhoppedontothenextone.La-Pierrefollowedhim.“Icouldnotwalkawayknowingtherewereinnocentchildrenandpeoplejusttryingtogettoarace."hesaid.ThemanwasstandinginthemiddleofthecarwhenheturnedandsawLa-Pierre.La-Pierrecrashedintotheyoungermanpinninghimagainstthecloseddoors.Thetwomenfoughtforthegunandtheirlives.“Youdon'tmove!”La-Pierreshouted,leaningintothearmedmanwithhisleftside.Themantriedshovingpasthim,butLa-Pierremuscledhimbackagainstthedoor,grabbingthegunandhandingittoapassenger,whoquicklywalkeditoffthetrain.ButLa-Pierrewasn'tintheclear.Themanhadaccomplices(同伙)whonowsurroundedLa-Pierreandbegantothreatenhim.Heknewhehadonlyonechancetosavehimself,soLa-Pierregrowled(怒吼),“I'maboxer.I'llbreakyourheadinonepunch!”Thenthepoliceswarmed(聚集)aroundthetrain,andLa-Pierreletthemtakeover.Hehadamarathontorun.ThiswasnotthefirsttimeLa-Pierrehasjumpedintothefray(打斗).La-Pierreknewtherewasmoretowhyhe'sbecomeaserialgoodguythanthat."I'velivedahardlife",hesaid“ButIbelievechangestartswithinyourself.Forthelast25years,I'vetriedtomakemyselfintoagoodman.”4.WhatimpressedLa-Pierremostafterboardingthetrain?A.Thepassengers'generosity.B.Thebeggar'sstrangebehaviour.C.Themarathoners'enthusiasm.D.Thefellowrunner'sinformation.5.WhydidLa-Pierrefollowthearmedman?A.Hewantedtoprotecttheinnocentpeople.B.Hemeanttofollowintheguy'sfootsteps.C.Hefelthehadgreaterpowerthantheman.D.Hedecidedtograbthegunfromtheman.6.HowdidLa-Pierresavehimselffromthedanger?A.Hebeatoffthebadguysbyboxing.B.Thepolicemenarrivedthereintime.C.Somepassengerscametohisrescue.D.Hescaredthebadguysintogivingin.7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.La-Pierremusthavebeenaverysuccessfulboxer.B.La-Pierremightbelivingawell-offandhappylife.C.La-PierremightwellmisstheChicagoMarathon.D.La-Pierremusthavedoneheroicdeedsmanytimes.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述La-Pierre在參與馬拉松的途中與搶劫者搏斗的英勇行為，及他致力做好人的情懷?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“HisbehaviorstruckLa-Pierreas“reallyweird”,especiallythewayhestareddownanyonehefelthadn'tgivenhimenough.（他的行為讓La-Pierre覺(jué)得特別驚奇。尤其是他盯著其他人的方式，就似乎感覺(jué)沒(méi)有給夠他錢(qián)一樣。）”可知，在登船后，最令La-Pierre印象深刻的是乞討者的驚奇行為。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Icouldnotwalkawayknowingtherewereinnocentchildrenandpeoplejusttryingtogettoarace.（我沒(méi)有走開(kāi)是因?yàn)槲抑烙泻芏酂o(wú)辜的孩子們和剛要努力去參與競(jìng)賽的人。）”可知，La-Pierre想要愛(ài)護(hù)這些無(wú)辜的人，所以La-Pierre跟著帶武器的男人。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第七段“Heknewhehadonlyonechancetosavehimself,soLa-Pierregrowled(怒吼),“I'maboxer.I'llbreakyourheadinonepunch!”（他知道只有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)可以救自己。因此他怒吼道：我是一位拳擊手，我將一拳打破你的頭。）”可知，La-Pierre沒(méi)有其他方法戰(zhàn)勝壞人，所以假裝自己是拳擊手并以此來(lái)恐嚇壞人并使壞人倒戈，脫離了危急，挽救了自己。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Forthelast25years,I'vetriedtomakemyselfintoagoodman.”（在過(guò)去的25年里，我始終努力使自己成為一個(gè)好人。）”可知，在過(guò)去的25年里，La-Pierre始終致力做好人。再依據(jù)文章對(duì)La-Pierre這次英勇行為的描述，可推斷La-Pierre確定在過(guò)去也有過(guò)多次英雄的行為。故選D項(xiàng)CItshouldbeoneofthemaingoalsintoday'ssocietytoreduceplasticconsumption.Thoughmanybelieverecyclingwillsolvetheproblem,andcontinueusingplastic,it'sactuallytheopposite.In2013,254milliontonnesoftrashwasproducedintheU.S.alone,andonlyaround30%wasrecycled.Thismeanstherestendedupinalandfillandwillstaythereforupto1000years.NowAsiancountries,includingVietnamandThailand,arelookingfornewideastoavoidplastic.Oneofthoseideaswasanew,eco-friendlywaytopacktheirgoodsbyavoidingplasticpackaging.OneofPerfectHomesChiangmai'steammembersnoticedacreativewaytoreduceplasticthatasupermarketcalledRimpingSupermarketwasusing.Littledidheknowthatpeopleallaroundtheworldwouldabsolutelylovethisidea.“Ijustpoppedintogetafewitemswhilewewerewaitingtosignsomecontractswithourlawyer,whowasdelayed.WhenInoticedthevegetableswrappedinbananaleavesandsimplylikedtheidea.SoItookafewpicturesandpostedthemonline,hesaid.Withmorethan3.5millionviewsandover17thousandshares,theideabecamesomethingpeoplecanencouragemoresupermarketstoimplement(實(shí)施).Somehavenoticedthatnoteverythingontheshelvesiscompletelyplastic-freetowhichthesupermarketrespondedthattheyaretakingonestepatatime,butit'snotthateasy.Manyproductscometothesupermarketspre-packagedandmanycompaniesareinterestedinwrappingtheirproduceinplasticsinceitisthecheapestandtheeasiestoption.It'snowuptotheshopperstoshowthesupermarketwhichtheyprefer.Ifeveryoneoptsforthebananaleafpackaging,theywillprobablystopstockingtheitemsinplastic.8.WhatcanweinferaboutrecyclingfromPara.1?A.Theauthorthinkshighlyofrecycling.B.TheUSdidagreatjobinrecyclingin2013.C.Recyclinghasfailedtosolvetheplasticproblem.D.Recyclinghelpsalotinreducingplasticconsumption.9.WhydidthemangotoRimpingSupermarket?A.Topurchasesomeitems.B.Tolookfornewideasthere.C.Totakephotosoftheirshelves.D.Tosignacontractwithalawyer.10.Whichmightbeoneoftheinfluentialfactorsinencouragingleafpackaging?A.TheInternet. B.Thecompanies’interest.C.Thecontract. D.Theplastic-freeshelves.11.Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearnthat________.A.peopletendtopreferfarmproducewrappedinplasticB.promotingleafpackagingrequirespeople’sjointeffortC.ChinausedtoexportpartofitswastetootherCountriesD.it'seasyforsupermarketstochangethewayofpackaging【答案】8.C9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了要削減塑料垃圾，我們可以用一種環(huán)保的葉子包裝方式去包裝商品，避開(kāi)塑料包裝?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中“Thoughmanybelieverecyclingwillsolvetheproblem,andcontinueusingplastic,it'sactuallytheopposite.In2013,254milliontonnesoftrashwasproducedintheU.S.alone,andonlyaround30%wasrecycled.(盡管很多人信任回收利用能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，并接著運(yùn)用塑料，但事實(shí)恰恰相反。2013年，僅美國(guó)就產(chǎn)生了2.54億噸垃圾，只有約30%被回收。)”可知，回收利用未能解決塑料問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中“Ijustpoppedintogetafewitemswhilewewerewaitingtosignsomecontractswithourlawyer,whowasdelayed.(我只是進(jìn)來(lái)買(mǎi)幾件東西，當(dāng)時(shí)我們正等著和律師簽合同，他被耽擱了。)”可知，他去超市是為了買(mǎi)一些東西。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Withmorethan3.5millionviewsandover17thousandshares,theideabecamesomethingpeoplecanencouragemoresupermarketstoimplement(實(shí)施).(點(diǎn)擊量超過(guò)350萬(wàn)次，共享量超過(guò)1.7萬(wàn)次，人們可以激勵(lì)更多的超市去實(shí)施這個(gè)想法。)”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是激勵(lì)用葉子包裝的影響因素之一。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。第四段中“Manyproductscometothesupermarketspre-packagedandmanycompaniesareinterestedinwrappingtheirproduceinplasticsinceitisthecheapestandtheeasiestoption.”提到，很多產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入超市時(shí)都是預(yù)先包裝好的，很多公司對(duì)用塑料包裝產(chǎn)品感愛(ài)好，因?yàn)檫@是最便宜和最簡(jiǎn)潔的選擇，結(jié)合最終一段中“Ifeveryoneoptsforthebananaleafpackaging,theywillprobablystopstockingtheitemsinplastic.”可知，假如每個(gè)人都選擇香蕉葉包裝，他們可能會(huì)停止用塑料儲(chǔ)存商品。由此可推知，推動(dòng)葉子包裝須要人們的共同努力。故選B項(xiàng)。DIfyou'veeverwatchedPlanetEarth,youknowtheoceanisawildplacetolive.Thewaterisfullofdifferentecosystemsandorganismsvaryingincomplexityfromaneruditeoctopustoaseastar.Unexpectedly,itistheseastar,asimpleorganismcharacterizedbyadecentralized(分散的)nervoussystem,thatoffersinsightsintoadvancedadaptationtohydrodynamicforces—theforcescreatedbywaterpressureandflow.Researchersfoundthatseastarseffectivelystayattachedtosurfacesunderextremehydrodynamicloadsbyalteringtheirshape.Seastarscreatea"downforce"duetotheirshape.Thismeanthatinsteadofbeingliftedbytheflowforces,theseastarsarepusheddownwardtowardtherockorfloorsurfacetheyareon."Seastarsareincrediblyadaptive,"saidLuhar,assistantprofessor.“Whenthereishighwaveactivityandhighwaterforces,seastarswillgrowskinnierandtakeonalowerprofile(姿態(tài)).Whentheseastaristransportedtoashelteredenvironmentwithlowerhydrodynamicforces,theypopupabitandtheircrosssectionsgetbigger."Understandingsuchshapeshiftingcouldhelpdesignunderwaterrobotsthatcansimilarlyadapttoextremehydrodynamicenvironments,Luharsaid.Theresearcherstestedthisunderstandingofseastarshapeanditsimpactonforceinthewaterwithbothcomputationaland3-Dprintedmodels.“Rightawaywhatwenoticed,"Luharsaid,"isthatinsteadoftheseastarsbeingpulledawayfromthesurfacestheywereon,theywerebeingpusheddown-simplybecauseoftheirshape."Luharsaidtheresearcherssawthisdownforceeffectaskeytohowtheseastar-andinthefuture,anunderwaterrobotcouldstayattchedtoaseabedorarockasopposedtobeingliftedupawayfromit,eveninthemostextremeconditions.12.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatimpressesusmostaboutaseastar?A.Itssimpleorganism. B.Itsgreatadaptation.C.Itsnervoussystem. D.Isphysicalappearance.13Howdoesaseastarmanagetostaywhereitisunderextremewaterflow?A.Bycreatingupwardforce. B.Byshiftingitsshape.C.Byliftingitselfupward. D.Byexpandingitssize.14.Whatistherealvalueofthefindingsabouttheseastar?A.Wecandevelop3-Dprintedmodels.B.Wecanattachseastarstotheseabed.C.Wecanmaketechnologicaladvances.D.Wecanchangetheextremeconditions.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?ACanwemakearobotadaptiveunderwater?B.Areseastarsincrediblyadvancedcreatures?C.Arescientistsabletodesignunderwaterrobot?D.Canwetransformseastars'shapeveryflexibly?【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講解并描述探討人員發(fā)覺(jué)，在極端的水動(dòng)力載荷下，海星通過(guò)變更形態(tài)而有效地附著在表面，這種發(fā)覺(jué)能夠幫助我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)能夠同樣適應(yīng)極端水動(dòng)力環(huán)境的水下機(jī)器人。【12題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Unexpectedly,itistheseastar,asimpleorganismcharacterizedbyadecentralized(分散的)nervoussystem,thatoffersinsightsintoadvancedadaptationtohydrodynamicforces—theforcescreatedbywaterpressureandflow.(出乎意料地，正是海星，一種特征是分散的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的簡(jiǎn)潔的有機(jī)體，讓我們對(duì)高級(jí)的適應(yīng)水動(dòng)力的實(shí)力有了深化了解——水動(dòng)力是由水壓和水流產(chǎn)生的力)”可知，海星給我們印象最深的是它的適應(yīng)實(shí)力。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Researchersfoundthatseastarseffectivelystayattachedtosurfacesunderextremehydrodynamicloadsbyalteringtheirshape.(探討人員發(fā)覺(jué)，在極端的水動(dòng)力載荷下，海星通過(guò)變更形態(tài)而有效地附著在表面)”可知，海星依靠變更形態(tài)待在極端水流下。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Understandingsuchshapeshiftingcouldhelpdesignunderwaterrobotsthatcansimilarlyadapttoextremehydrodynamicenvironments,Luharsaid.(Luhar說(shuō)，理解這種形態(tài)變更可以幫助我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)能夠同樣適應(yīng)極端水動(dòng)力環(huán)境的水下機(jī)器人)”可知，對(duì)海星的這個(gè)發(fā)覺(jué)能讓我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)出更先進(jìn)的機(jī)器人，即推動(dòng)技術(shù)進(jìn)步。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。文章前三段主要講解并描述對(duì)海星的探討，探討人員發(fā)覺(jué)，在極端的水動(dòng)力載荷下，海星通過(guò)變更形態(tài)而有效地附著在表面，接下來(lái)起先講解并描述這種發(fā)覺(jué)能夠幫助我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)能夠同樣適應(yīng)極端水動(dòng)力環(huán)境的水下機(jī)器人。由此可知，文章主要在講解并描述我們能不能設(shè)計(jì)出能適應(yīng)水下極端環(huán)境的機(jī)器人。故選A。其次節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.However,peopleinotherpartsofworldfacefoodshortagesandarestarving.____16____Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.____17____Afterall,theydogetridofstuffthat'spastitssell-by-dateandtheyoftenrefusetosellvegetablesorfruitthatarethewrongshapeorlookdamaged.They'vealsobeencriticizedforencouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneedthroughpromotionssuchas'buyonegetonefree'.________18________InEuropeanincredible53%offoodwastecomesfromhouseholds,whichresultsin88milliontonsoffoodwasteayear.Soinsteadofflingourbelliesourfoodisfillinguplandfillsite—it'sburiedandlefttorot.Unfortunatelythiscausesgreenhousegaseswhicheventuallyleadstoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtohandlethisproblem.Shefoundthatpeoplewerebuyingmorethantheyneededandthrowingtoomuchaway.Sheconvincedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinbulk(大量)sothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Sheproducedaleftoverscookbookandshe’snowsetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.____19____Clearlyweneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingtrolleyandwhenwerealthomeweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftovers.____20____A.Butthebiggestwrongdoerforcreatingfoodwasteisus.B.Thishashelpedcreateasignificant25%reductioninfoodwaste.C.Wecanevenshareourleftoverfoodwithourfriendsandneighbors.D.It’sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld’sfoodiswastedeachyear.E.Tenmillionpeopleareshortoffoodandsufferfromstarvationeveryyear.F.Youmaythinksupermarketsarethemaincontributorstothismountainoffood.G.Ormaybe,you'reshoppingmoreefficiently,onlybuyingwhatyouneedeveryday.【答案】16.D17.F18.A19.B20.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講解并描述了世界上食物奢侈現(xiàn)象，并給出我們節(jié)約食物的建議。【16題詳解】上文“Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.However,peopleinotherpartsofworldfacefoodshortagesandarestarving.(在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，扔掉不想要的食物已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。然而，世界其他地區(qū)的人們正面臨糧食短缺和饑餓)”說(shuō)明世界上有的地方糧食短缺而有的地方卻在奢侈食物，選項(xiàng)D“世界上每年有三分之一的食物被奢侈，這是一個(gè)令人震驚的事實(shí)?！庇脭?shù)字說(shuō)明食物奢侈這個(gè)事實(shí)，引出下文“Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(實(shí)際的數(shù)字是13億噸食物，這足以養(yǎng)活10億饑餓的人)”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明這三分之一的詳細(xì)數(shù)額。選項(xiàng)中athirdoftheworld’sfoodiswasted和上文中Throwingawayunwantedfood語(yǔ)義相關(guān)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】下文“Afterall,theydogetridofstuffthat'spastitssell-by-dateandtheyoftenrefusetosellvegetablesorfruitthatarethewrongshapeorlookdamaged.(終歸，他們會(huì)處理過(guò)保質(zhì)期的東西，而且他們通常會(huì)拒絕出售形態(tài)錯(cuò)誤或看起來(lái)受損的蔬菜或水果)”說(shuō)明超市或商店會(huì)扔掉很多過(guò)期的或受損的食物，選項(xiàng)F“你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為超市是積累如山的食物的主要來(lái)源。”和下文存在因果關(guān)系，說(shuō)明你因?yàn)榭吹匠刑幚硪恍┦称?，所以可能?huì)認(rèn)為超市里食物積累如山。下文中they指代選項(xiàng)中的supermarkets，語(yǔ)義通順，邏輯合理。故選F項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“InEuropeanincredible53%offoodwastecomesfromhouseholds,whichresultsin88milliontonsoffoodwasteayear.(在歐洲，令人難以置信的是，53%的食物奢侈來(lái)自家庭，這導(dǎo)致每年產(chǎn)生8800萬(wàn)噸食物奢侈)”用實(shí)際事例說(shuō)明在歐洲食物奢侈有一半以上來(lái)自家庭，選項(xiàng)A“但是造成食物奢侈的罪魁禍?zhǔn)资俏覀冏约骸！备爬ㄕf(shuō)明食物奢侈的根源就是我們自己。選項(xiàng)中us和下文中households語(yǔ)義相關(guān)，通順合理。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Sheconvincedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinbulk(大量)sothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Sheproducedaleftoverscookbookandshe’snowsetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.(她勸服一些超市停止批量出售食品，這樣人們就可以只買(mǎi)他們須要的東西。她還制作了一本剩菜食譜，現(xiàn)在她在學(xué)校設(shè)立了一個(gè)教化項(xiàng)目)”講解并描述了她為了幫助削減食物奢侈而奔跑呼吁，選項(xiàng)B“這有助于削減25%的食物奢侈。”承接上文，闡明上文中所描述SelinaJuul的行動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的削減食物奢侈的成效。語(yǔ)義通順，邏輯合理。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Clearlyweneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingtrolleyandwhenwerealthomeweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftovers.(明顯，我們須要三思，當(dāng)我們把東西放進(jìn)購(gòu)物車(chē)時(shí)，當(dāng)我們回家時(shí)，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)充分利用我們所擁有的食物——運(yùn)用食譜，用完我們的剩菜)”說(shuō)明我們買(mǎi)東西時(shí)要算計(jì)清晰，充分利用全部的食物，用完我們的剩菜。選項(xiàng)C“我們甚至可以和我們的摯友和鄰居共享剩飯?！背薪由衔模又ㄗh我們假如不能用完剩菜，可以和摯友共享多余的飯菜。選項(xiàng)中l(wèi)eftoverfood和上文中l(wèi)eftovers描述對(duì)象一樣。語(yǔ)義通順，邏輯合理。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。MygrandmotherwasfromatowninMichigan.Iwasfromthecityand___21___thesmalltowntheylivedin.Peoplekneweveryone.The___22___withthemcontinuedtogrowasIgotolder.Grandmawasalwaysusingher___23___forsomethingexciting...Shewouldmakelittlesandwiches,she’dplantflowersandcarefully___24___them.Irememberthesmallthimble(頂針)shewouldusewhiledoingherneedlework.Afewyearsago,whenGrandma___25___,IbidfarewelltoalovingGrandmother...Howquicklyourlivescanchange.Imissedherverymuch,butI___26___itmostlyonabirthday,___27___therewasnocardfromGrandma.She'dneverforgottenmybirthday!Ononeparticularbirthday,somethinghappenedtomakemefeellikeshewas___28___thatspecialdaywithme.Iwas___29___somecolorfulpillowsthatshehadmade,and___30___Ifeltsomethinginsideonepillow.Imovedtheobjecttoaseam(接縫)thatIcarefullyopened,andtomy___31___outcameatinysilverthimble!HowhappyIwastofindsomethingthathadbeenapartofher.IcarefullylaidthethimblealongsidetheothersI’ve___32___overtheyears,whereIcouldcontinuetoseethe___33___Godchosetorevealtome.Whata___34___memoryofaveryspecialladywhosomehow,Iknew,waslaughingindelightat___35___herthimbleinsidemypillow.21.A.approached B.loved C.influenced D.respected22.A.bond B.habit C.business D.concern23.A.needles B.minds C.hands D.tools24.A.tend B.move C.change D.examine25.A.turnedout B.turnedaway C.passedout D.passedaway26.A.expected B.noticed C.suspected D.recalled27.A.though B.before C.unless D.as28.A.sharing B.preparing C.remembering D.discussing29.A.producing B.exchanging C.arranging D.perceiving30.A.gradually B.suddenly C.frequently D.immediately31.A.shock B.delight C.embarrassment D.regret32.A.missed B.collected C.touched D.covered33.A.luck B.lesson C.gift D.chance34.A.curious B.serious C.delicious D.precious35.A.sewing B.sticking C.packing D.mixing【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.B27.D28.A29.C30.B31.B32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】本文是記敘文。作者通過(guò)奶奶生活的點(diǎn)滴以及她的銀頂針對(duì)作者的影響，表達(dá)了作者和奶奶之間濃濃的親情?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我來(lái)自城市，寵愛(ài)他們居住的小鎮(zhèn)。A.approached接近；B.loved寵愛(ài)；C.influenced影響；D.respected敬重。依據(jù)下文“Peoplekneweveryone.The2withthemcontinuedtogrowasIgotolder.”可知，鎮(zhèn)上的人們彼此熟識(shí)，而且越長(zhǎng)大，和他們的感情越深，所以作者是很寵愛(ài)祖父母住的小鎮(zhèn)，故選B。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，我和他們之間的關(guān)系不斷加深。A.bond聯(lián)系；關(guān)系；B.habit習(xí)慣；C.business商業(yè)；D.concern擔(dān)憂；關(guān)切。結(jié)合上題分析可知，作者很寵愛(ài)祖父母住的小鎮(zhèn)，也應(yīng)當(dāng)是很寵愛(ài)和他們住在一起，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)表示，隨著作者年齡增長(zhǎng)，隨著和他們接觸的時(shí)間越久，他們之間的關(guān)系就越深厚，故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：奶奶總是用手做一些令人興奮的事。A.needles針；B.minds思維；頭腦；C.hands手；D.tools工具。依據(jù)下文“Shewouldmakelittlesandwiches,she’dplantflowersandcarefully4them.Irememberthesmallthimble(頂針)shewouldusewhiledoingherneedlework.”可知這些好玩的事包括做三明治，種花，照看花，以及做針線活，而這些活動(dòng)都是須要用手做的，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她會(huì)做一些小三明治，她會(huì)種花并細(xì)心照料它們。A.tend照料；B.move移動(dòng)；C.change變更；D.examine考查；檢驗(yàn)。此空后賓語(yǔ)them代指的是空前的“flowers”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，種花之后應(yīng)當(dāng)是照料花，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：幾年前，奶奶去世時(shí)，我和慈祥的奶奶告辭。A.turnedout結(jié)果是；B.turnedaway拒絕……進(jìn)入；C.passedout昏迷；D.passedaway去世?？蘸蟆癐bidfarewelltoalovingGrandmother”提到我向奶奶告辭，表示永別，所以此處表示奶奶去世了，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我特別惦念她，但我留意到這主要是在一個(gè)生日，因?yàn)闆](méi)有來(lái)自奶奶的卡片。A.expected期望；B.noticed留意到；意識(shí)到；C.suspected懷疑；D.recalled回憶起。依據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知此空后賓語(yǔ)it代指的是“我惦念奶奶”。再依據(jù)空后“7therewasnocardfromGrandma.”以及“She'dneverforgottenmybirthday!”可知，奶奶在世時(shí)，從不遺忘作者生日?，F(xiàn)在，又到了生日的時(shí)候，再也收不到奶奶的祝愿了，所以在這一天作者會(huì)特殊的思念奶奶，會(huì)清晰地感受到、意識(shí)到自己對(duì)奶奶的思念之情，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：參見(jiàn)上題。A.though盡管；B.before在……之前；C.unless除非；D.as因?yàn)?。結(jié)合上題分析以及句意，可知此空后句子是空前句子的緣由，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在一個(gè)特殊的生日，發(fā)生了一件事，讓我覺(jué)得她和我共同度過(guò)那個(gè)特殊的日子。A.sharing共享；共有；B.preparing打算；C.remembering記得；D.discussing探討。依據(jù)下文“HowhappyIwastofindsomethingthathadbeenapartofher.”可知，在作者生日這一天，找到了屬于奶奶的東西，作者特別興奮，他認(rèn)為這個(gè)東西就是禮物，所以他覺(jué)得奶奶和他“共享”了這特殊日子，也就是陪作者共同過(guò)這個(gè)生日，故選A。【29題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在整理她做的艷麗的枕頭，突然我感覺(jué)到一個(gè)枕頭里有什么東西。A.producing生產(chǎn)；B.exchanging交換；C.arranging整理；D.perceiving留意到。依據(jù)此空賓語(yǔ)“somecolorfulpillowsthatshehadmade”以及下文“10Ifeltsomethinginsideonepillow.”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知，作者是在整理奶奶之前做的枕頭時(shí)，發(fā)覺(jué)了枕頭里有東西，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：參見(jiàn)上題。A.gradually漸漸地；B.suddenly突然；C.frequently頻繁地；D.immediately馬上。依據(jù)句意，作者在整理枕頭時(shí)，沒(méi)有想到發(fā)覺(jué)了枕頭有東西，這樣的發(fā)覺(jué)對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)是突然的，故選B?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我把它移到一條接縫上，當(dāng)心地打開(kāi)，讓我興奮的是出來(lái)了一個(gè)小小的銀頂針！A.shock震驚；B.delight興奮；C.embarrassment尷尬；D.regret后悔；缺憾。依據(jù)下文“HowhappyIwastofindsomethingthathadbeenapartofher.”可知，作者是很興奮找到了曾屬于奶奶的東西，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我當(dāng)心翼翼地把頂針?lè)旁谖叶嗄陙?lái)收集的其他東西旁邊，在這個(gè)頂針里我可以接著看到上帝選擇給我的禮物。A.missed惦念；錯(cuò)過(guò)；B.collected收集；C.touched觸摸；D.covered覆蓋。此空是定語(yǔ)從句“I’ve12overtheyears”中的動(dòng)詞，先行詞是theothers，充當(dāng)此動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，再依據(jù)句意以及選項(xiàng)，可知此處表示我多年來(lái)收集的其他東西，我把剛找到的頂針和這些收集的東西放在了一起。收集這些舊物，是對(duì)親人懷念的一種方式。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：參見(jiàn)上題。A.luck運(yùn)氣；B.lesson課；閱歷；教訓(xùn)；C.gift禮物；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。依據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境可知，之前每個(gè)生日，作者都會(huì)收到奶奶的禮物——卡片。奶奶去世后，作者在生日這天找到了曾屬于摯愛(ài)的奶奶的頂針，作者覺(jué)得這是上帝代表奶奶選擇送給他的生日禮物，故選C?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是有關(guān)這位特殊的女士多么寶貴的記憶啊，我知道，她把頂針縫進(jìn)我的枕頭時(shí)，不知為什么，笑得很快樂(lè)。A.curious新奇的；B.serious肅穆的；嚴(yán)峻的；C.delicious美味的；D.precious寶貴的。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境以及選項(xiàng)可知，作者和奶奶感情深厚，在奶奶去世后，作者在自己生日這天找到了曾屬于奶奶的頂針，這種和奶奶相關(guān)的記憶是多么的寶貴，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：參見(jiàn)上題。A.sewing縫；B.sticking刺；C.packing包裝；整理（行李）；D.mixing混合。依據(jù)上文“Imovedtheobjecttoaseam(接縫)thatIcarefullyopened,andtomy11outcameatinysilverthimble!”可知，作者是在枕頭里發(fā)覺(jué)的頂針，所以可推想，應(yīng)當(dāng)是奶奶在做枕頭時(shí)，不當(dāng)心把頂針縫進(jìn)了枕頭里，故選A。其次節(jié)(共10小題:每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Withthesummerseasongraduallyfadingoutofourlife,schoolsanduniversitiesarepreparingtoopen.WhileChina____36____(overcome)thewo