Unit1 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別與用法（原卷版）

2/2外研版選擇性必修一Unit1單元重點語法：[觀察例句]1．Iwalkthroughthedoorsintothewaitingarea，wherethere'safamiliaratmosphereofboredomandtension.2．Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs，lookingthrougholdmagazines，allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.3．InthemiddleofthisparticularsceneIspotasmallgirlwhoseankleistwiceitsnormalsize.4．Ispeakwiththeon-dutynurse，whotellsmethatLara'sparentsrushedhertothehospital...5．Scientificstudiesshowthatlaughterproduceschemicalstomakepeoplefeelbetter，whichmeansclowndoctorscanbehelpful.[歸納用法]一、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句概述1．限制性定語從句通常緊跟在先行詞之后，對先行詞起限制確定作用。從句和先行詞的關系十分密切，兩者之間一般不可用逗號隔開。Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.她找到了那條兩周前丟失的項鏈。2．非限制性定語從句是對先行詞的一個補充說明。沒有它，主句也能獨立存在；非限制性定語從句和先行詞的關系不是很密切，兩者之間用逗號隔開。Hehastwosisters，whoareworkinginthecity.他有兩個姐姐，她們在城里工作。二、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別除了在標點運用及從句的作用方面不同之外，這兩類定語從句還有一些區(qū)別。1．關系詞的選用不同限制性定語從句可以用關系代詞who，whom，whose，that，which，關系副詞when，where，why等引導，而非限制性定語從句不可用that或why來引導(上述引導詞除了這兩者以外均可用來引導非限制性定語從句)。Yesterdayheboughtanewcar，whichwasmadeinChina.(which不可換用that)昨天他買了一輛新車，是中國生產(chǎn)的。Hedidn'tgivethereason，whichexplainedhisabsencefromthemeetingheldlastweek.(which不可換用why，因為which在定語從句中作主語，而why只能在定語從句中作狀語)此句也可以這樣表達，Hedidn'tgivethereason，forwhichhewasabsentfromthemeetingheldlastweek.對于缺席上周的會議他沒有給出理由。[即時訓練]①Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.②I'msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier，forwhich，Imustsay，Iapologize.2．從句所修飾的先行詞有所不同限制性定語從句的先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或詞組；而非限制性定語從句的先行詞除了名詞、代詞外，還可以是句子。ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。Hewonthefirstprizeinthecontest，whichwasmorethanweexpected.他在比賽中得了一等獎，這一點真出乎我們預料。3．關系詞的省略不同在限制性定語從句中，當關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語、狀語或表語時，在口語中可以省略，關系副詞有時也可省略。而非限制性定語從句中的關系代詞或關系副詞不可省略。Istillrememberthedayswespenttogetherincollege.我仍然記得我們在大學時一起度過的日子。(we前省略了that/which)Sheisnottheone(that)sheusedtobe.她已不再是昔日的她了。(that在定語從句中作表語)4．英譯漢時有所不同，譯成漢語時，往往把限制性定語從句的內容置于先行詞之前；而非限制性定語從句和主句往往翻譯成兩個分句。WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?上星期天我們用的機器是哪一臺？Theconcert，whichwasheldlastweek，wasagreatsuccess.那場音樂會是上周舉行的，獲得了巨大的成功。Hemaybelate，inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.他可能遲到，要是那樣的話我們就等等他。三、which和as引導非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別whichas位置上只能放在先行詞的后面位置靈活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后搭配上無動詞的限制謂語動詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動的動詞，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等句意上意為“這一點”表示“正如……，正像……的那樣”Theairqualityinthecity，asisshowninthereport，hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質量已有所改善。Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，whichturnedouttobeawisedecision.大學畢業(yè)后我抽出一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。鞏固練習：單句填空A組1.Iwillrunthroughthemostcommonquestions_____________areoftenaskedbypeople.2.Overthepast40years,DuDejianhasreceivednumerousvisitorsatthelibrary__________heestablishedinhishomeinZhangfangvillageofYongji,ShanxiProvince.3.Thenumberofsmokers,___________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.4.MuchoftheearlyteainChinawasgrownonsmallfarmsandplantations,manyof_________weretendedbyBuddhistmonks.5.TheideahasquicklyspreadtoEuropein___________specialcoursesarenowofferedtochildrenwhoarefrom7to24monthsold.6.Therootofthecarnivaldatesbackto1833___________slaverywasabolished.7.Weattendedthemeetingintheschoollecturehalllastnight,____________seatsmorethan300students.8.Therearemanyreasons__________Englishissowidelyusedaroundtheworldinthefieldsofscience,business,andmore.9.Afather,__________sonwas16yearsold,wasworriedbecausehissonhadnocourageatall.10.Theteaplantgrowsbestintropicalandtemperateplaces____________rainfallsthroughouttheyear.單句填空B組1.Mywalletisnolongerinuse.Icanbuyandeatanything__________Iwantsimplywithataponmyphone.2.Theliquidoxygenneededtofueltheflightisalsoneededinhospitals,_________doctorsusetokeepdangerouslysickpatientsalive.3._____________theexpertsays,thetasteofthefooddependsonwhomyou'reeatingwith-caringfamilymembers,intimatefriends,orjustbyyourselfasyoustayallalone,enjoyingthisquietmoment.4.DITreferstothenumberofcaloriesthebodyexpendswhenheatingitselfanddigestingfood.Itwasshowntobehigherforthose______________atemoreatbreakfastthanatdinner.5.Humansliketoliveandworkingroups.Languageisthe“cement”（接合劑）____________holdsthesegroupstogether.6.Thistime,theTianwenserieswillcarryoutthefirstMarsexplorationmission,_________representsamilestoneforChina'smovetowarddeepspace.7.Infact,tangoraisedafeweyebrowsamongtheconservativemembersofsociety,__________founditalittletooshocking.8.Basically,bakingisacreativeactivity___________youcanimagineahappymomentinthefuture.9.Anotherideafromsocialpsychologyisthatpeopleliketolistentotheverymusic________showstheirpresentlifecircumstances.10.Thewoman____________treatedmychildisanoutstandingdoctor.語法填空Woodblockprintingisanancientprintingtechniquethatboostedhumancivilization.AsBuddhismgainedpopularityduringtheTangDynasty,astrongneed1________(arise)toproducenumerousBuddhistscriptures（經(jīng)書），andcopyingbyhandcouldnotmeet2_________risingdemand.AncientChinesecraftsmenthusinventedwoodblockprintingformassproduction,3____________(mark)amajorturningpointinprintinghistory.Therearefourstepsinvolvedin4__________(tradition)woodblockprinting,witheachstepsubdividedintoseveralprocedures.5_____________liesatthecenterofthetechniqueiscarving.Charactersandimages6____