考向3中考閱讀體裁篇之議論文-2022年中考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破

專題五：中考閱讀體裁篇備戰(zhàn)2022年中考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)突破考向3議論文Passage1（2021·山東濱州·中考真題）“Life’salong,longjourney,”sowearetold,andmostofuswouldnotsetoffonajourney,evenashortone,withoutsomeideasofwherewewantedtogo.Yetmanypeopletravelonlife’sjourneywithnosenseofdirectionatall.Settingpersonalgoalscangiveyourlifeasenseofdirection.Goalsettingisusedbytopsportsplayers,successfulbusinesspeopleandachieversinallfields.Beforeyousetpersonalgoals,thinkaboutwhatyouwanttoachievewithyourlife.Trytosetgoalsinsomeofthefollowingcategories(類別):Education—Willyouachievetheeducationalgoalsafterfinishinghighschool?Areyoustillgrowingandlearning?Family—Whatkindofrelationshipdoyouwantwithyourparentsandotherfamilymembers?Creative—Doyouwanttoachieveanyartisticgoals?Career—Whatjobdoyouwanttotakewhenyougrowup?Whatdoyouneedtomakeyourdreametrue?PublicService—Doyouwanttomaketheworldabetterplace?Physical—Areyoufitenoughtodothethingsyouwanttodo?Pleasure—Howdoyouwanttoenjoyyourself?Tohelpmaketheprocessmoremanageable,divideyourgoalsintosmallertasks.Forexample,ifyouwanttoreachamaingoalinfiveyears,setathreeyeargoal,aoneyeargoal,athreemonthgoalandaonemonthgoal.ThencreateadailyToDoListofthingsthatyoushoulddotoday.Whenagoalisachieved,takethetimetoenjoyyoursuccess.Thishelpsyoubuildtheselfconfidence.Remember,yourgoalscanbechangedastimegoeson.Butbesureyourgoalsarethethingsyouhopetoachieve,notwhatyourparents,familyorteacherswant.1．Accordingtothepassage,whyshouldwesetgoals?A．Tohaveabetterfuture. B．Toenjoypleasureinlife.C．Toknowwheretohaveajourney. D．Togiveourlifeasenseofdirection.2．Whatshouldyouconsiderwhenyousetafamilygoal?A．Theeducationyouwanttoget. B．Thejobtosupportyourfamily.C．Thetimeyou’llspendreachingyourgoal. D．Therelationshipwithfamilymembers.3．What’sthebestadvicetoachievethemaingoal?A．Dividingyourgoalsintosmallertasks. B．CreatingadailyToDoListofthings.C．Buildingtheselfconfidence. D．Settingthetimetoachievethemaingoal.4．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Onceyousetyourgoals,theycan’tbechanged.B．Notallthepeoplecangetsuccessbysettinggoals.C．Enjoyingsuccessinonegoalcanhelpyoudobetterinthenextone.D．Yourgoalsarethethingsyouandyourparents,familiesorteacherswant.5．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Alongjourney. B．Goalsettingforlife. C．Thedirectionoflife. D．Waystoachievegoals.【答案】1．D2．D3．A4．C5．B【分析】生活是一段漫長的旅程，設(shè)定目標(biāo)可以給我們的生活一個(gè)方向感。首先你要知道自己人生的目標(biāo)是什么，如何設(shè)定自己的人生目標(biāo)，這篇短文中作者提出了一些建議。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Settingpersonalgoalscangiveyourlifeasenseofdirection.”可知，設(shè)定個(gè)人目標(biāo)可以給我們的人生方向感。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Family—Whatkindofrelationshipdoyouwantwithyourparentsandotherfamilymembers?”可知，在設(shè)定家庭目標(biāo)的時(shí)候，你首先要想清楚你想與父母和其他家庭成員保持什么樣的關(guān)系。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tohelpmaketheprocessmoremanageable,divideyourgoalsintosmallertasks.”可知，為了完成一個(gè)主要的目標(biāo)，你應(yīng)該把它分成幾個(gè)小目標(biāo)。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Whenagoalisachieved,takethetimetoenjoyyoursuccess.Thishelpsyoubuildtheselfconfidence.”可知，當(dāng)一個(gè)目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)了，享受你的成功，這會(huì)幫助你建立自信，這樣可以幫助你在下一個(gè)目標(biāo)中做得更好。故選C。5．標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文意以及短文中“Settingpersonalgoalscangiveyourlifeasenseofdirection.”可知，文章中作者首先提到“設(shè)定個(gè)人目標(biāo)能給生活方向感”，然后下文介紹了如何設(shè)定人生目標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)“設(shè)定人生目標(biāo)”符合文章主旨，作為標(biāo)題最合適。故選B。Passage2（2021·北京·中考真題）Natureandcultureareoftenseenasoppositeideas.Whatbelongstonaturecannotbetheresultofhumanactivitiesandontheotherhand,culturaldevelopmentisachievedagainstnature.However,thisisnottheonlyopinionontherelationshipbetweennatureandculture.Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies(物種).Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭(zhēng))againsthumannature.Wearebornwithwildnatures,suchaseatingandbehavinginadisorganizedwayoractingselfishly.Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures;itisthankstoculturethatthehumanspeciescouldlearntoadapt(適應(yīng)),progressandraiseitselfaboveandbeyondotherspecies.Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthattheformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation.Consider,forexample,hunting(打獵).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons(武器)isrelatedtothatadaptationfromrocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat’sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourculture.However,cultureisalsopassedonamongpeopleofthesametimeoramongpeoplebelongingtodifferentpopulations.WecanlearnhowtomakejiaozievenifwewerebornfromRussianparentsinParisjustaswecanlearnhowtospeakEnglishevenifnoneofourfamilyorfriendsspeakthatlanguage.6．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Culturebelongstohumannature.B．Natureteacheshumanshowtoadapt.C．Humansaresupposedtobewellorganized.D．Educationpushesthehumanspeciestoprogress.7．WhydoesthewritertalkabouthuntinginParagraph3?A．Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.B．Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans’struggleforlife.C．Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.D．Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.8．Theword“transmission”inParagraph4probablymeans“________”.A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit9．Whatisthewriter’sopiniononthenatureculturerelationship?A．Cultureandnatureareseparateyetbalanced.B．Culturedependsmuchonnaturetoprogress.C．Natureandculturearedifferentbutconnected.D．Naturefollowstheunwrittenrulessetbyculture.【答案】6．D7．C8．B9．C【分析】本文是一篇議論文，自然和文化常常被視為對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)，但是人類發(fā)展的研究表明，文化，無論是作為一種反對(duì)自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分。生物的發(fā)展和文化的發(fā)展是緊密相連的，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān)。6．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Severalmodernwriterssawtheprocessofeducationasastruggle(斗爭(zhēng))againsthumannature.”和“Educationusescultureasawaytogetusoutofourwidestnatures”可知，人們把教育的過程看作是一場(chǎng)與人性的斗爭(zhēng)，教育把文化作為一種方式，讓我們擺脫最廣泛的天性。所以本段想說明教育推動(dòng)人類進(jìn)步。故選D。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Consider,forexample,hunting(打獵).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.”可知，打獵似乎是一種適應(yīng)，使人類能夠進(jìn)入新的和不同的地區(qū)，打開改變生活習(xí)慣的機(jī)會(huì)。文章提到打獵是為了展示文化是如何隨著人類適應(yīng)環(huán)境而發(fā)展的。故選C。8．詞義猜測(cè)題。分析“Thetransmissionofcultureseemstobedirectlyrelatedtowhat’sinourblood.Justassnailscarrytheirshells,sodowebringalongourculture.”可知，文化的傳播似乎與我們血液中的東西直接相關(guān)。就像蝸牛帶著它們的殼一樣，我們也帶著我們的文化。所以此處transmission的意思是“傳播”，故選B。9．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Studiesinthedevelopmentofhumanssuggestthatculture,whethertakenasaneffortagainstnatureoranaturaleffort,ispartofthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies(物種).”可知，作者認(rèn)為文化，無論是作為一種反對(duì)自然的努力還是自然的努力，都是人類物種發(fā)展的一部分，作者認(rèn)為自然和文化之間是對(duì)立且密切聯(lián)系的。故選C。Passage3（2021·湖南長沙·中考真題）Fromanearlyage,weweretaughtthatifwewantedtobesuccessful,wehadtostudyhardandgetgoodresultsatschool.Infact,goodstudentsmayjustendupdoingjobstheydon’tlike,andsomeevenleadanunhappylife.Whyisitlikethat?Insomeparents’eyes,schoolgradesmattermostfortheirkids.Inreality,therearemanythingstoconsiderbesidestheschoolsubjects,forexample,howtobeahappyperson,whattodotokeephealthy,andhowtogetalongwellwithothers.Thatistosay,schoolisnotjustenoughifyouwanttohaveagreatlife.Doingwellinschoolisdifferentfromdoingwellinlife.Studiesshowthatpeoplewhofailedatschoolmaynotendupfailinginlife.Youmayhavealreadyknownthatsomefamouspeople,likeThomasEdisonandSteveJobs,didn’tdoverywellatschoolorevenfailedtofinishschool.Infact,therearealotmorethanjustthebigshotswhoaresuccessfulinlifewithoutfinishingschool.Theyseize(抓住)everychancetolearnandfinallymakeittothetop.Lifeisreallyalonglesson,solongthatyoucan’tdefine(界定)aperson’ssuccessbyjustonesection(部分)ofit.Ifyouhavealreadyfinishedschool,keeplearningbecausewhatyouhavelearnedatschoolwillneverbeenoughtoliveasatisfyinglife.Ifyouarestillstudying,whetheryouaregoodorbadatschool,don’ttakeyourschoolresultstooseriouslyaslongasyouhaveputyourheartintoit.Keeplearningtomakethemostofyourtalents(天賦).That’showyoucanliveahappyandsuccessfullife.10．What’sthewriter’smainpurposeofwritingParagraph(段落)One?A．Tointroduceatopic. B．Togiveexamples. C．Toprovideasolution.11．Insomeparents’eyes,what’sthemostimportantfortheirkidsbasedonParagraphTwo?A．Beinghappy. B．Stayinghealthy. C．Gettinggoodgrades.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“bigshots”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．好學(xué)生 B．神槍手 C．大人物13．Accordingtothepassage,whichsentencemayagreewiththewriter’sidea?A．Ittakesmoneytobesuccessful.B．Schoolgradesaren’teverything. C．Successfulpeopleneverfinishschool.14．Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthetext?A．Oldhabitsdiehard.B．Learningisalifelongjourney. C．Goodgradesalwayspromiseasuccessfullife.【答案】10．A11．C12．C13．B14．B【分析】本文是一篇議論文。在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)好可以和未來的成功劃等號(hào)嗎？其實(shí)學(xué)校中的常勝將軍可能并非人生贏家，反之亦然。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Infact,goodstudentsmayjustendupdoingjobstheydon’tlike,andsomeevenleadanunhappylife.Whyisitlikethat?”可知作者寫第一段是為了引出學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)好并不能和未來的成功劃等號(hào)這一話題。故選A。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Insomeparents’eyes,schoolgradesmattermostfortheirkids.”可知在一些家長的眼里，學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)對(duì)孩子們來說才是最重要的。故選C。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“whoaresuccessfulinlifewithoutfinishingschool”可知此處指的是沒上學(xué)就取得成功的大人物，bigshots意為“大人物”。故選C。13．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Thatistosay,schoolisnotjustenoughifyouwanttohaveagreatlife.”可知想要擁有美好生活，只成績(jī)好是不夠的，由此可知“學(xué)校成績(jī)并不代表一切?！边@一句符合作者的觀點(diǎn)。故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ifyouhavealreadyfinishedschool,keeplearningbecausewhatyouhavelearnedatschoolwillneverbeenoughtoliveasatisfyinglife.”可知即使完成學(xué)業(yè)了也要繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)是一個(gè)終生旅程。故選B。Passage4（2021·陜西·中考真題）LookattheEarthfromspace.Whydoesourplanetlooksoblue?It’sbluebecausewatercoversalmostthreequartersoftheEarth’ssurface.Waterisnotjustanimportantpartofourplanet.Itisanimportantpartofourbody,too.Morethanhalfofourtotalbodyweightiswater.Ourbodyloseswaterwheneverweexerciseorgotothetoilet.That’swhyweneedtodrinkplentyofwatereveryday.Wedrinkwater.Weuseittocook,clean,andcarrywasteoutofourhomes.Farmersuseittogrowvegetablesandcropslikericeandcorn;factoriesuseittomakeproducts.Sincethe1950s,theamount（數(shù)量）ofwaterpeopleusehasincreasedbythreetimes.Butthewatersupply（供應(yīng)）hasn’t.Scientistsworrythatsoontherewon’tbeenoughwaterforus,aswellasfortheanimalsandplantsthatshareourworld.Whatcanwedotohelp?Usewaterwisely.Havingenoughwaterisn’touronlyproblem.Wealsoneeditclean.Rightnow,shipsandfactoriesareputtingwastesintoseas,riversandsoon.Evenchemicalsthatfarmersusearerunningintoriversandlakes.Allthispollutioncanmakethewaterdangeroustodrink.Itcanalsoharmfishandotherwaterlivinglives.Wemustdosomethingtostoppollution.It’sthebestwaytoprotectourworld’smostvaluablenaturalresource（資源）.15．HowmanyimportantareasofwaterarementionedinParagraph1?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.16．Theunderlinedsentence“Wealsoneeditclean”inParagraph4means”________.”A．Wealsoneedwatertowashthings B．WealsoneedwaterthatlookscleanC．Wealsoneedtokeepwaterclean D．Wealsoneedtodiscovercleanwater17．Thispassagewaswrittento________.A．a(chǎn)skpeopletovaluewater B．a(chǎn)dvisepeopletodrinkmorewaterC．introducetheusesofwater D．describethesituationofwatersupply【答案】15．B16．C17．A【分析】本文介紹了水資源對(duì)我們的重要性，以及它現(xiàn)在所面臨的問題，呼吁人們要珍惜水資源。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Waterisnotjustanimportantpartofourplanet.Itisanimportantpartofourbody,too”可知，水不僅僅是地球的重要組成部分，它也是我們身體的一個(gè)重要部分；一共提到了兩個(gè)水資源的重要區(qū)域，故選B。16．句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文“Rightnow,shipsandfactoriesareputtingwastesintoseas,riversandsoon”可知，下文講述了水污染的情況，所以我們必須要保持水資源是干凈的，劃線句子與C選項(xiàng)的句子同義，故選C。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Wemustdosomethingtostoppollution.It’sthebestwaytoprotectourworld’smostvaluablenaturalresource”可知，作者的目的是讓人們珍惜水資源，故選A。Passage5（2021·重慶·四川外國語大學(xué)附屬外國語學(xué)校三模）WiththeYearoftheRatingup,IremembergoingoutforChinesefoodwhenIwasakidintheUS.InChineserestaurants,therearealwaysplateswithpicturesofthezodiacanimals(十二生肖).FormostpeopleintheUS,thismightbethedeepestimpressionofChineseculture.Onetime,westartedtolaughafterwelearnedthatmyauntisarat.Welaughedbecauseinourculture,ratsareanimalsofverylowposition.Theyeatrubbishandcarydiseases,sowethinktheyaredirty.Becauseratsaresneaky(鬼鬼祟祟的),wethinkofthemasuntrustworthy.Callingsemeonearatisveryrude.Itmeanswecannottrusthimorhereasily,orwewillbecheated.Asakid,thiscausedmetofeelbadforpeoplebornintheYearoftheRat.Iwonderedwhethertheywouldbelookeddownuponbyothers.IdidsomeresearchandfoundthatalthoughChinesepeoplealsoseeratsasdirtyanimals,theyaddedthemtothezodiacforsomereasons.Ratsarethoughttobeanimalsthatcanbringpeoplewealth.Theyarealsoabletogivebirthtolotsofbabies,whichmakesthemasymbolofgoodluck—traditionally,Chinesepeopleprefertohavelargefamilieswithmanychildren.Ratsarebelievedtohaveintelligenceaswell.Itisbelievedthatsneakyanimalsmustbeclever.Sonow,I’menteringthenewyearwithafreshwayoflookingatrats.PerhapsIneedtofindanewunderstandingforotherthings—animals,ideasorevenpeople!18．Thewritergave________reasonstoexplainwhyChinesepeopleaddratstothezodiac.A．two B．three C．four D．five19．Fromthepassage,weknowthat________.A．ratsareanimalsofverylowpositioninChinesecultureB．ChinesechildrenbornintheYearoftheRatarelookeddownuponC．ratsareonlyseenasdirtyanimalsinChinesecultureD．Chinesepeoplebelieveratsaresneakybutcleveranimals20．Accordingtothepassage,Phrase________candescribesomeonecalledaratinUS.A．油嘴滑舌 B．伶俐乖巧 C．背信棄義 D．言出必行21．Thewritermainlytalksabout________.A．whyAmericanpeopledon’tlikerats B．whatChinesepeoplethinkofratsC．howpeopleseeratsindifferentcultures D．whocanfindanewunderstandingforrats【答案】18．B19．D20．C21．C【分析】本文主要講述了不同國家的人對(duì)于“鼠”這個(gè)動(dòng)物的看法，美國人認(rèn)為老鼠吃垃圾，身上攜帶著病毒，稱呼別人“老鼠”是非常不禮貌的，而在中國，老鼠被認(rèn)為是能給人們帶來財(cái)富的動(dòng)物，以此作者認(rèn)為自己需要找到一種對(duì)其他事物的新理解——?jiǎng)游?、思想甚至是人?8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ratsarethoughttobeanimalsthatcanbringpeoplewealth”“Theyarealsoabletogivebirthtolotsofbabies”及“Ratsarebelievedtohaveintelligenceaswell”可知，一共給出了三條理由，故選B。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Becauseratsaresneaky”及“Ratsarebelievedtohaveintelligenceaswell”可知，中國人認(rèn)為老鼠是狡猾但聰明的動(dòng)物，故選D。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Callingsomeonearatisveryrude.Itmeanswecannottrusthimorhereasily,orwewillbecheated”可知，叫某人是老鼠是很不禮貌的。這意味著我們不能輕易信任他或她，否則我們會(huì)被欺騙，所以用“背信棄義”這個(gè)詞最能形容，故選C。21．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文是作者通過美國和中國對(duì)“鼠”的看法來表達(dá)了不同文化的觀點(diǎn)，故選C。Passage6（2021·重慶·四川外國語大學(xué)附屬外國語學(xué)校三模）Skirtsanddresseshavebeensymbolsofwomenforages.Butthingsaredifferentnow.YaoQing,23,showsthechange.Shegaveupherskirtsandcutherhairshorter.Thenshestartedtowearshirts,trousersorclothesinblack,whiteorgray.“Ifeltmoremyselfthatway,”Yaosaid.Althoughsheremainsa“sweetandnicelady”foryears,shehasbeenactuallyfondofoutdoorsportslikeskateboardingandskiingsincechildhood.“Womenarefreetoshowourtruepersonality,”sheadded,“andskirtsandhighheeledshoesarelessconvenientindailylife.”Anotherchangeliesinwomen’sawareness(意識(shí))oftheirindependence.34yearoldXuanYanmin,forexample,triedonherhusband’sclothesandputherphotosonline.Manypeoplesaidshelookedhandsomeandcool.Someevenwantedtohaveatry,too.Thenshestartedadiscussion“Howhandsomegirlscanbeinmenswear”,whichgotover70millionviewsand15,000ments.“Societyismoreopennow.Andourindependenceisexpressedinthenewwaywedress,”saidXuan.However,stylistShangTaosuggestedthat________.“It’smoreimportanttofindthewaywhichsuitsyourselfbetter.Thekeyistothinkaboutyourownadvantagesanddisadvantagesandtheenvironmentaroundyou,andchooseclothesthatcanhelpyoufeelmoreconfident,”hesaid.22．”Anotherchange”inParagraph4refersto________.A．mengettingmoreattentionthanbefore B．moreladiesshowinginterestinmenswearC．ladiescuttingtheirhairshorterthanmen D．moreladiespreferringworkingathome23．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputinthe________?A．ladiesshouldgiveupskirtsassoonaspossible B．ladiesshouldthinkaboutchangingtheirhairstyleC．ladiesshouldthinktwicebeforefollowingthisstyle D．thesocietyshouldbemoreopenthanbefore24．Thispassageiswrittento________.A．showwomenhavedifferentideasaboutsports B．showgrowingindependencethroughdressingstyleC．paremenwithwomenindifferentkindsofclothes D．a(chǎn)skgirlsnottobuydressesandskirtsanymore25．Thepassageiswrittenina/an________tone(語氣).A．a(chǎn)ngrу B．sad C．crazy D．serious【答案】22．B23．C24．B25．D【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要通過YaoQing和XuanYanmin的例子介紹了隨著現(xiàn)代女性獨(dú)立意識(shí)的增強(qiáng)，女性在個(gè)人的衣著選擇方面更加多元化，而不僅限于傳統(tǒng)的連衣裙和短裙。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“triedonherhusband’sclothes...gotover70millionviewsand15.000ments.”可知許多女性對(duì)男士的服裝感興趣。故選B。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“It’smoreimportanttofindthewaywhichsuitsyourselfbetter.”可知時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師建議，找到更適合自己的才是最重要的。故選C。24．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了女性通過改變穿著方式體現(xiàn)獨(dú)立。故選B。25．觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。作者通過兩個(gè)例子，客觀地闡述了女性在穿著方式上的改變，這種改變體現(xiàn)著女性的獨(dú)立。由此可知作者是用嚴(yán)肅的語氣寫的。故選D。Passage7（2021·山西太原·三模）Borninthe2000s,whatdoyouthinkofyourgeneration(一代人)?Young,creative,connected,global,smart,maybegoodlooking?Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?Someadultsworrythatyou’remoreinterestedinthephonethantheworldaroundyou.Theyseeyouasthe“facedowngeneration”andwonderhowyouwilldealwithschool,friends,andfamily.Aretoday’steenagerstoobusytextingandtakingselfies(自拍)tobeesuccessfulinreallife—or“IRL”,asyouwouldsay?Otheradultsworrythattoday’syoutharespoiledanddon’twanttofacethechallengesofadultlife.Manychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swereraisedby“helicopterparents”whowerealwaystheretodoeverythingforthem.Sotoday’syoungpeopleseemtoprefertoliveliketeenagersevenwhentheyareintheir20sor30s.Doesthefacedowngenerationneedaheadsup?Well,probablynot.Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’steenagersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.Theyalsoseemtobewillingtobeeleaders.Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolunteertoservetheirmunities.TherearealsobraveyoungpeoplesuchasMalalaYousafzai,theteenagerwhowonthe2014NobelPeacePrizeforpushinggirls’rightstogotoschool.Soifyouareoneofthemborninthe2000s,there’sreasontobehopefulaboutthefuture.Thingsarelookingupforthefacedowngeneration.26．Thewriterledthereaderstothepassage_________.A．byshowinghisideasB．byaskingquestionsC．bydescribingthesituation27．Youngpeopleborninthe2000sarecalled“facedowngeneration”because________.A．theyarealwaysbusywithhomeworkwiththeirheadsdownB．theyarenotcloselyconnectedtothepeoplearoundthenC．theyshowgreatinterestinthephoneanduseittoomuch28．Theunderlinedword“spoiled”probablymeans________inChinese.A．寵壞的 B．膽小的 C．吝嗇的29．Inthewriter’seyes,today’steenagers________.A．a(chǎn)renotcreativebecauseoftheeducationalproblemB．a(chǎn)rewillingtotakepartinmanysocialactivitiesC．a(chǎn)resmarterandmoregoodlookingthantheirparents30．Themainideaofthepassageisthat________.A．mobilephonesareharmfultoteenagers’growthanddevelopmentB．teenagersdon’tneedtochangethemselvestomeetadults’standardsC．a(chǎn)lthoughtheyoungpeoplehavesomeproblems,theirfutureisfullofhope【答案】26．B27．C28．A29．B30．C【分析】本文主要講述了人們對(duì)出生在21世紀(jì)的孩子們的一些看法。有人認(rèn)為他們過度沉迷；有人擔(dān)心他們被寵壞；作者認(rèn)為他們更有創(chuàng)造力，是更有希望的一代人。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Aretoday’steenagerstoobusytextingandtakingselfiestobeesuccessfulinreallife—or‘IRL’,asyouwouldsay?”可知，作者開頭通過一個(gè)問題來引出下文。故選B。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Someadultsworrythatyou’remoreinterestedinthephonethantheworldaroundyou.”可知，這一代的孩子們過于對(duì)感興趣并經(jīng)常使用，所以被叫做“低頭族”。故選C。28．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Manychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swereraisedby‘helicopterparents’whowerealwaystheretodoeverythingforthem.”可知，父母為孩子做一切事情，可推測(cè)出孩子們被寵壞了。故選A。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’steenagersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.Theyalsoseemtobewillingtobeeleaders.Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolunteertoservetheirmunities.”可知，這一代的孩子更有創(chuàng)造力，更愿意參加社會(huì)活動(dòng)。故選B。30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Soifyouareoneofthemborninthe2000s,there’sreasontobehopefulaboutthefuture.”可知，盡管這一代有些孩子沉迷，有些被寵壞，但是他們的未來是充滿希望的。故選C。Passage8（2021·云南曲靖·二模）InFebruary,theMinistryofEducationannouncedthatmobilephonesshould,inprinciple(原則上),bebanned(禁止)inprimaryandsecondaryschools.Thisaimstoprotectstudents’eyesight,makesuretheypaymoreattentiontotheirworkandpreventthemfrombeingsointerestedintheInternetandonlinegames.Butsomekidshavetheirownopinions.XuXiaohe,a13yearoldboyfromZhejiang,supportsthepolicy(政策).“Infact,myschoolhasneverallowedustobringourmobilephones,”Xusaid.“It’sadistractionfromourwork.Evenadultscan’tcontrolthemselves,letalonekidslikeus.”LiZihan,13,fromBeijing,however,feelsdifferently.“Wehavegrownupwithmobilephones.Weshouldbetaughtselfmanagementskills,aswellaslearnhowtouseourphoneswiselytohelpwithourstudies,”Lisaid.“Thismightbethebestwaytodealwithtechnologyinmoderntimes.”ForGeZiqi,theproblemwithbanningphoneshasmoretodowithlifeoutsideofschool.The13yearoldBeijingerusesabikesharingappeverydaytotravelbetweenherhomeandschool.“Today,phonesareusedeverywhere,fromtakingabustobuyingfood,”shesaid.“IfIcan’ttakemyphonewithme,I’llhavetobuymyownbicycle.”31．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthepurposeofthemobilephonebanatschool?A．Toprotectstudents’eyesight.B．Toencouragestudentstopaymoreattentiontostudy.C．Toimprovestudents’selfmanagement.D．Tostopstudentsfrombeingsointerestedonlinegames.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distraction”inParagraph2mean?A．干擾 B．考驗(yàn) C．分離 D．促進(jìn)33．Accordingtothepassage,LiZihanmightagreethat________.A．a(chǎn)mobilephonebanisthebestwaytodealwithtechnologyinmoderntimesB．a(chǎn)mobilephonemustn’tbebroughttoschoolC．a(chǎn)mobilephonebanhasmoretodowithlifeoutsideofschoolD．kidsshouldbetaughtselfmanagementskillstousemobilephones34．Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A．Anemail. B．Afairytale. C．Atravelguide. D．Ateenagenewspaper.35．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Howtousemobilephoneswisely. B．Viewsonthemobilephoneban.C．Ideasonhowtodealwithtechnology. D．Howtouseourfreetime.【答案】31．C32．A33．D34．D35．B【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章介紹了針對(duì)教育部頒發(fā)的禁止學(xué)生帶去學(xué)校這一規(guī)定，三位同學(xué)給出了他們的觀點(diǎn)。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Thisaimsto……beingsointerestedintheInternetandonlinegames”可知，學(xué)校禁止使用目的在保護(hù)學(xué)生的視力，確保他們更加關(guān)注自己的工作，并防止他們對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲如此感興趣，故選C。32．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“XuXiaohe,a13yearoldboyfromZhejiang,supportsthepolicy(政策)”可知，許小河是支持禁令政策的，所以此處“It’sadistractionfromourwork”表示他認(rèn)為會(huì)對(duì)我們的工作有干擾，故選A。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Weshouldbetaughtselfmanagementskills,aswellaslearnhowtouseourphoneswiselytohelpwithourstudies”可知，李子涵認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該被教授自我管理技能以及如何在我們的學(xué)習(xí)上合理使用，故選D。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要針對(duì)是否應(yīng)該進(jìn)入校園問題而展開論述，因此與學(xué)生息息相關(guān)，所以在青少年報(bào)紙里面最有可能讀到，故選D。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段內(nèi)容以及下文中三位學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn)可知，本文主要是關(guān)于學(xué)生對(duì)禁令的看法，故選B。Passage9（2021·廣東白云·二模）Museums,livemusicandmalls—Chinesecitiesoffereverythingthatayoungpersonmightwant.Buttherearemanypeoplewhodon’thavetimetoenjoythesethings.Theyfollowwhatiscalledthe“996”workschedule—startingworkat9a.m.andfinishingat9p.m.,sixdaysaweek.The“996”workschedulerecentlybecameaheatedtopicofdiscussiononlineafteraputerprogrammersetupawebsitecalled“996ICU”.Accordingtothewebsite,the“996”workscheduleisunhealthyandcouldcausepeopletoendupinanintensivecareunit（ICU）.ThisworkscheduleismonatChinesetechpanieslikeBaidu,AlibabaandHuawei.Most“996”workersdonotreceiveovertime（加班）pay.Manytechindustryworkershaveplainedaboutthisschedule.“Iworked‘996’forninemonths,”Zhangsaid,whousedtoworkasaprogrammer.“Icouldn’tsleepbecauseofthepressure.So,Igaveupthejobatlast.”However,thebossesofsometechpaniesthinkthe“996”workscheduleisreasonable.JackMa,founderofAlibaba,saidit’sa“hugeblessing（福氣）”foryoungworkerstowork“996”.“Ifyoudon’tdo‘996’whenyou’reyoung,whenwillyou?”Masaid.“Ifyoudon’tputinmoretimeandenergythanothers,howwillyouachievethesuccessyouwant?”ManypeoplehavequestionedMa’sthinking.InanarticleinPeople’sDaily,thewritersaid,“Valuinghardworkdoesnotmeanit’srighttoforceworkerstoworkovertime.”CuiZhendong,alawyer,toldChinaDailythatitisagainstthelawtouseapulsory（強(qiáng)制的）“996”workschedule.China’sLaborLaw《勞動(dòng)法》clearlystatesthatworkersshouldworknomorethaneighthoursadayornomorethan44hoursaweek.36．The“996”workschedulerequiresapersontowork________.A．9hoursaday B．18hoursaday C．54hoursaweek D．72hoursaweek37．Whydomanyworkersplainaboutthisschedule?A．Becausetheyhavenotimetogotothehospital.B．Becausetheirhealthhasbeeninfluenced.C．Becausetheydon’tgetenoughpay.D．Becausetheycan’tworkwell.38．AccordingtothereportofPeople’sDaily,bosses________.A．worked“996”toachievetheirsuccessB．shouldsupportthe“996”workscheduleC．understandthevalueofhardworkbetterthanworkersD．shouldn’tforceworkerstoworkovertime39．Wha