Computer-Grammar現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

Unit3ComputersByJulie2012.10.13WelcometotheageofIT!GrammarThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)Grammar1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has+過去分詞)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作或情況雖然發(fā)生在過去，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，用來說明現(xiàn)在的情況。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與

already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not...yet,just等不表示明確的時(shí)間副詞連用,還可以和表示時(shí)間一直延續(xù)到目前的帶since,for

的狀語及包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的詞連用.1.兩種時(shí)態(tài)如:now,today,thismonth,thisyear,recently,thesefewdays

等。不能用在現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：be,have,like,love,know,believe,hate等。

一般過去時(shí)則是表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,與現(xiàn)在毫無關(guān)系。2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/has+been+現(xiàn)

在分詞）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(am/is/are+過

去分詞）

如:Theworkisdoneduringtwodays.2)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(was/were+過去分詞）

2.七種被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式

如:Hewassenttothehospitalimmediatelyaftertheaccident.3)一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(will/shall+be+

過去分詞或+begoingto+be+過去分詞）

如:Theworkwillbefinishedsoon.4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(is/am/are+being+過去分詞）

如:Thebridgeisnowbeingconstructed.5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(have/has+been+過去分詞）

如:Theradiohasbeenrepairedwhenwephonedtheshop.6)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+

過去分詞)

如:Thiscanbedoneinafewminutes.7)動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)式(tobe+過去分詞)

如:Itisanhonorformetobeasked

tospeakhere.

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在仍有影響,其構(gòu)成是:have/hasbeen+done。例如：

1.Thedirtyclotheshavebeenwashed.

臟衣服都已經(jīng)洗了。2.Theplanhasbeenstudiedbytheexpertsforthreetimes.

這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃已經(jīng)由專家研究過三次了。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)3.ThechildhasbeentakencareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.

這些年來,這個(gè)小孩一直由王奶奶照料?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)態(tài)：have/has

+been+動(dòng)詞過去分詞現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：have/has+been+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞

它們的構(gòu)成的區(qū)別在最后的動(dòng)詞上,被動(dòng)態(tài)接的是過去分詞形式,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)接的是現(xiàn)在分詞形式。1.主語是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。如：

TheTempleofZhangFeihasbeenrebuilt.

張飛廟已經(jīng)過重建。2.說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。

如:

Thedoorhasbeenlocked.

門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。3.動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可

能持續(xù)下去。如：

Hehasbeentoldaboutitformanytimes.

有人告訴他這事很多次了。

（可能還會(huì)有人告訴他）（我或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不去）4.用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來

某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。如：We’llstartassoonastheworkhas

beenfinished.

工作一完成我們就立即動(dòng)身。

注意:1.副詞的位置

often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。如:[誤]Suchamanhasbeenhardlybelieved.

[正]Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.2.并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1)happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

[誤]

GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChinasince1978.[正]

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinasince1978.2)open,break,drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：

[誤]Thedoorhasbeenopenedofitself.

[正]

Thedoorhasopenedofitself.3.短語動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞

或副詞。如：TheSARSpatientshavebeentakengoodcareof.4.一些特殊動(dòng)詞,如borrow,finish,begin,buy,start,return,marry,open,join等

構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與

表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)

相應(yīng)的意思，

則需改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。

如：Mybrotherhashad(不能用hasbought)thisbikeforalmostfouryears.Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?Howlongagowasthisbookbought?(1)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。

如:Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.

一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰偷的)

Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.

這本書出版于1981年。被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法:(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者,而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。

如:ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.

窗戶是邁克打破的。

Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.

這本書是他寫的。(1)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語。(2)把謂語變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be＋過去分詞)

(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來決定be的形式)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法(3)把主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓

語,將主格改為賓格。例如：

Allthepeoplelaughedathim.

Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.

Theymakethebikesinthefactory.

Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.

歌訣:賓變主,主變賓,by短語后面跟。

謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng),be后“過分”來使用。4)雙賓語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)可將其中的一

個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，

另一個(gè)保留不動(dòng)。主動(dòng)：Ihavegivenhimthekey.被動(dòng)：Hehasbeengiventhekey.被動(dòng)：Thekeyhasbeengiven(to)him.5)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),只能

將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,原來的賓補(bǔ)保留不

動(dòng),改稱主語補(bǔ)足語。主動(dòng)：Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被動(dòng)：Shehasbeenaskedtohelpyou.Underlinetheuseofthepresentperfectvoiceinthefollowingpoem.Thenfillinthechartbelow.LookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedLookatthewayyourhairhasbeencombedLookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedYou’dbetterdothemagain.LookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedLookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutLookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.ThingsthathavebeendonewellThingsthathavebeendonebadlythewaytheflowershavebeenplantedthewaythegrasshasbeencutthewaythepathshavebeensweptthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedthewayyourhairhasbeencombedthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedReadthispoemaloud,payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation.Thenwriteyourownpoem.Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway______________________Lookattheway_______________________________________________thetablehasbeenlaidtheglasseshavebeenplacedthefoodhasbeencookedYou’dbetterdothemagain.Possibleversion:Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway________________________Lookattheway_________________________________________________________yourbedhasbeenmadeyourcarpethasbeensweptyourshoeshavebeentidiedIhopethatyou’llcomehereagain.Exercises1.

Bothmybrotherworkatthepowerstationthat___inmyhometown.A.hassetupB.hasbeensetupC.wassetupD.issetup2.

_____thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold3.Allthepreparationforthetask____,andwe’rereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeendone4.----Howlong____atthisjob?----Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed5.

Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday____yet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided6.Betty___injuredsincelastSaturday.

A.hasbeen

B.was

C.is

D.has7.–Hi,Tom,youlooktired.

--

Ofcourse.I___thelivingroomallday.

A.hadpaintedB.paintedC.havebeenpainted

D.havebeenpainting8.--Didyoumoveintothenewhouse?--No.Therooms___yet.A.werebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.havenotpaintedD.havenotbeenpainted9.Greatchanges___inmyhometownandalotoffactories___.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingsetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.aretakenplace;hadbeensetupD.tookplace;willsetup10.Haveyouever___totheexhibitionwhich___forthreeweeks?A.gone;hasbeenshownB.visited;shownC.been;hasbeenonshowD.went;lasted改錯(cuò)1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.3.APChasbeenbuildedthewaywewanted.APChasbeenbuiltthewaywewanted.4.Ourcomputerjusthas

beenjoinedtotheinternet.Ourcomputerhasjustbeenjoinedtotheinternet.5.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.6.Alotofe-mailshadwrittenonthecomputerinthe