基礎(chǔ)英語考試試題2004（A）

2004年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試卷（A卷考試科目：基礎(chǔ)英 滿分：150GRAMMAR(20points,1pointDirections:Inthissection,thereare20sentenceseachwithonewordorphrasemissing.ChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningit.Asfarasweknow,inthismatterJimseems tobeinnowaytotoinnowavbetobetobetoblameinnotobeblamedinno ,hemighthaveretiredbeforetheDidn’theenjoytheHashenotenjoyedtheWerehenotenjoytheHadhenotenjoyedtheIdon’tseehowyoucanstopyourdaughter ,sheislawfullyoldenoughtogetA. B.C. D.Alonglineoftraffic atthelevelcrossinguntilthetrainhadpassed.A.wouldhave B.hadtoC.musthave D.shouldhaveThedevelopingcountriesaretherichlymineralizeddistrictsintheworld thedevelopedcountriesarethedistrictswhichareshortofminerals.A. B.C. D.Jane novelsfromthecirculatinglibraryyesterdayafternoon.A.twointeresting B.twoAmericanC.interestingtwo D.AmericantwoThemanager hissuitcaseinwhichthereisplentyofcashyet,forheisnotsurewhereheleftitbehind.A.hadnot B.hasnotC.didnot D.cannotTheministerdidn’tshowanyinterestinthedemocratic A.allin B.afterC.notat D.atIregret apresenttomyfriendwhenhegotmarriedlastmonth.A.tohavenot B.notC.nothaving D.havingnotIhaven’tseen A.since B.longC.long D.longWhy thisway? tomeethim?areyouwalking/Doyoudoyouwalk/Doyoudoyouwalk/Areyouareyouwalking/DidyouArtcriticsinsisted anillustratorratherthananmist.A. B.wouldC.should D.“Didtheaudienceparticipateinthe“Yes,those toinvolvetheaudience.”A.whomitwasthe B.ofwhomthefunctionC.whosefunctionit D.whosewerethe“Willabusstophere “No, A.tenminutesagoonejustwent B.onejustwentbytenminutesC.tenminutesagojustonewent D.justonewentbytenminutesItwas coldwinternight. A. B.a/The/C.a/The/ D.a/A/Themanunderabigtreeoverthereis A.noother B.noneotherC.noneother D.nooneHedidnotturnup.Nomore A.didhis B.hisbrotherC.didnothis D.hisbrotherdidThemillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand, allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.could B.wouldhaveC.might D.oughttohaveTheladyoverthereis A.JaneandMary B.JaneandMary’sC.Jane’sandMary’s D.Jane’sandMaryNotevenaword concerningtheseimportantmatters.A.he B.heC.didhe D.hedoesVOCABULARY(30points,1pointeach)SectionADirections:Inthissection,therearetensentenceseachwithonewordorphraseunderlinedChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningit.Intermittentshowerswereforecastforthe B. D.ThesaucychildprotrudedhisA. B.C. D.Mary’simpromptuspeechgivenatthestatecompetitionwonherfirstA. B.well-C. D.carefully-HisloudvoicedrownedwhatthegirlwastryingtotellA. B.C. D.Weadornedourroomwithnewrugs,lampsandA. B.C. D.Iamgladtohearabouttheyoungman’sgoodA. B.C. D.Whenthewomanassemblesandbringsallthesebooks,shemustersA. B.C. D. Itisnowgenerallyassumedthattheplanetswereformedbytheaccretionofgasanddustinacosmiccloud.A. B.C. D.GhoststoriesarevestigesofawidespreadbeliefinA. B.C. D.Theprocessofrespirationconsistsoftwoindependentactions,inhalingandA. B.C. D.SectionDirections:Inthissection,thereare20sentenceseachwithonewordorphrasemissing.ChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andDthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningit.Therewasanobility,aboutthissimple-mindedpersonwhichwas A.most B.tobemostC.themost D.mostThewriterwasnotusedtospeakinginpublic,butwhentheopportunitypresenteditself,herosetothe A. B.C. D.Mostoftheauthor’searlierworkswerepublishedundera A. B.C. D.Theblackboysandgirlsneednothavefelt fortheirdarkskininthesummercamp.A.self- B.self-C.self- D.self-Ifyoukeeponworkingtoohard,yourhealthwill A. B.C. D.Severaloftheadvertisinghoardingshadbeen byanti-racistslogans.A. B.C. D.Beforetheconferencebegins,let’stakean ofthepresentsituation.A. B.C. D.Thedreadfulscenesofthemajorskirmish thechildrenofftheirdinner.A. B.C. D.Thepurposeofthesurveywasto theparentswiththechangestelevisionhasmadeinfamilylife.A. B.C. D.Theyhadnotcleanedthehouseforweeksandthehealthinspectorfoundthemlivingintheutmost A. B.C. D.Wemustbring toourpointofviewonthatsubject.A. B.C. D.Thestudentswonderedwhytheinstructor inthemiddleofhisspeech.A.broke B.brokeC.broke D.brokeTheU.NSecurityCouncilmakesanattempttoadjustthe betweenIsraelandPalestine.A. B.C. D.Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping togiveherlongandflowinghairaA. B.C. D.Theoldladycan’thopeto hercoldinafewdays.A.hold B.getC.get D.holeTheislandwheretheserarebirdsnesthasbeendeclareda A. B.C. D.Ijustmanagedto aquickbreathbeforeIwassuckedunderthewaterbythepassingboat.A. B.C. D.Withprices somuch.it’shardforthecompanytoplanabudge.A. B.C. D.Myhouseistheonlybrickoneonthestreet.It andyoucan’tmissit.A.stands B.sticksC.looks D.makeSometeenagersharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature. B. D.CLOZE(30points,1pointDirections:Inthissection,thereare10blankswithonewordmissingineachblank.ChooseoneofthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestcompletesthepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningit.There’sastrangepleasureinworkinglate.Yourcolleaguesgohome,andyou’realone:freetofinishallthosejobsyoudidn’tfindtimeforduringthedayandmovemoundtheoffice(1).Butnowadayslotsofpeopleworkavoluntarylate(2).Someofthemdeliberatelydolittleduringthedayandonlygetdowntowhatthey(3)havedonewheneveningarrives.It’sinefficient,butitlooksasiftheyareworkinghard.Attimes,itcanbecome(4)ridiculous.Weheardaboutaconsultantwhoat11amwouldpretendtobegoingtothemen’sroom.After(5)thistohiscolleagues,hewouldwalkoutofthebuildingandgohome--halfblindandshivering,becausehe’ddeliberatelylefthisglassesonhisdeskandhisjacketonthebackofhischairinanattemptto(6)peoplethathewasstillinthebuilding.Chiefexecutiveoftenmistakessuchbehaviorfor(7)tothecompany,andthosewhofinishtheirworkontimeandleaveat5.30tobewiththeirfamiliesareoften(8)lessconscientiousdespiteworkingefficiently.Infacttheearlyleavers,whoprobablygetagoodnight’ssleep,areworkingmoreproductivelyandtendnottosufferfrom(9)stresslevels.Workinglateisanoccasionalnecessity,butthedesiretostaylatepurelyto(10)agoodimpressiononyourbossshouldbediscouraged.1.A.B.C.D.2.A.B.C.D.3.A.B.C.D.4.A.B.C.D.5.A.B.C.D.6.A.B.C.D.7.A.B.C.D.8.A.B.C.D.9.A.B.C.D.10.A.B.C.D.Directions:Inthissection,thereare20blankswithonewordmissingineachblank.Fillineachblankwithawordthatbestcompletesthepassage,andwritethewordontheANSWERSHEET.Booksaretomankind(11)memoryistotheindividual.Theycontainthehistoryofourrace,thediscoverieswehave(12).theaccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceofages.Theypictureforusthemarvelsandbeautiesofnature,helpus(13)ourdifficulties,comfortusinsorrow(14)insuffering,changehoursofweariness(15)momentsofdelight,storeourmindswithideas,(16)themwithgoodandhappythoughts,andliftus(17)ofandaboveourselves.Thereisanorientalstoryoftwomen:onewasaking.(18)everynightdreamthewasabeggar,the(19)wasabeggar,whoeverynightdreamthewasaprinceandlivedinapalace.Imaginationissometimesmore(20)thanreality.Buthoweverthis(21)be.whenwereadwemaynotonlybethekingandliveinpalaces,but,whatisbetter,wemaytransportourselvestomountainsortheseashore,andvisitthemostbeautifulpansoftheearth.(22)fatigue,inconvenience,orexpense.Macaulayhadwealthandfame,rankandpower,andyethetellsusinhisbiographythatheowedthehappiesthoursofhislife(23)books.Inacharminglettertoalittlegirl,hesays:“Thankyouforyourverypretty,letter.Iamalwaysgladtomakemylittlegirlhappy,andnothingpleasesmesomuch(24)toseethatshelikesbooks,forwhensheisasoldasIam.shewillfindthattheyarebetterthanallthecandiesandcakes,toysandplays,andsightsintheworld.Ifanyonewouldmakemethegreatestkingthateverlivedon(25)thatIshouldnotreadbooks,(26)notbeaking.Iwould(27)beapoormaninagarretwithplentyofbooksthanakingwhodidnotlove(28).”Books,indeed,endowus(29)awholeenchantedpalaceofthoughts.Inonewaytheygiveusanevenmorevividideathantheactual(30),justasreflectionsareoftenmorebeautifulthanrealnature.READINGCOMPREHENSION(30points,3pointsProspectiveteachersareurgedtodeveloptheirownpersonalphilosophiesofeducation.Howyoumanageyourclassroom,thecontent,themethod,andthevaluesyoustresswillbebasedonyourpersonalbeliefsystem--yourphilosophyofeducation.Pre-serviceteachersshouldatleastbeawareoftheoptionsavailablewhendevelopingapreferredteachingstyle/philosophy.Inteaching,oneexhibitsbehaviorthatiscompatiblewithone’spersonaleducationalview.Instructionalpracticesmustfittheteacher’spersonalityandtheteachermustbelieveintheeffectivenessofthepracticesused.Sinceotherteachingstylesmightbemoreeffectiveincertainsituations,experiencedteachersoftendrawfromstylesotherthantheirpreferredpersonalstyle.Infact,perhapsthebestgoalforanexperiencedteacheristobecomea“healthyeclectic”whocancomfortablyuseanumberofteachingstylesinordertomeetlearners’needsmorecompletely.Aslongasthiseclecticstrategyservestheinstructionalpurposewell,andaslongastheteacherhastheabilitytoexplaintothestudentshowtheycansucceedundervariousteachingstyles,theuseofvariousstylescanbeadvantageous.However,iftheuseofvariousstylesismerelytryingtechniqueaftertechniquewithnoknowledgeofhowthesetechniquesrelatetoteachingphilosophies,theresultcouldbesaidtobeastateofunhealthyeclecticism,whichshouldbeVariousstateteachercertificationprogramsincludeacourseintheacademicstudyofeducationalphilosophy.Whentheprospectiveteachersenrolledinsuchcourseshavepreviouslyassessedbehavioralemphasesandpreferencesunderlyingaphilosophicalposition,suchcoursesareinfinitelymorevaluable.Whilecondensedexplanationsofteachingstyles/philosophiesruntheinherentrisksofoversimplificationandofbeingtoojudgmental,ourpurposeistoprovideprospectiveteacherswithaworkingframeworktohelpthemavoidthemeaninglessstereotypesassociatedwithvariouseducationalphilosophies.Effectiveteachingisnotamatterofauthoritarianversusnon-authoritarianmethodologies,olderversusnewertheories,orcontrolledclassroomsversusnon-controlledclassrooms.Rather,responsibleuseofanyteachingstyle/philosophyyieldsbenefitsforlearners,whereasirresponsibleuseofanyteachingstyle/philosophyyieldsthereverse.Classroomteachersdoborrowfromdifferentphilosophicalsystems,primarilyasameanstoassurevarietyinmethodsofinstruction.However.aphilosophicalpositionisactuallyindicatedbyemphasesandpreferencesthattranslatethemselvesintobehavior.ThusitisthebehavioralemphasisorpreferencesthatshouldbeidentifiedtorevealtheunderlyingsetofphilosophicalAprospectiveteachershouldhavehisownpersonalphilosophyofeducationbecause apreferredteachingphilosophyishispreferredteachingstyleisthemosteffectiveheshoulddevelophisownteachinghispersonalbeliefsystemdetermineshisinstructional Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingapproachesisencouragedinateacher-trainingTointroducevariousteachingtheoriesandtrythemoutinTohelpteachersmastervariousteachingTohelpteachersunderstandtherealsignificancebehindeachteachingTocommentonthestrongpointsandweaknessofeachteachingIntheauthor’sopinion,effectiveteachingchieflyresultsfrom newerteachingteacher’sresponsibilityinusinganyteachingnon-controllednon-authoritarianThereareseveralwaystothinkofpoliteness.Thesemightinvolveideaslikebeingtactful,modestandnicetootherpeople.Inthestudyoflinguisticpoliteness,themostrelevantconceptis‘face’.Yourface,inpragmatics,isyourpublicself-image.Thisistheemotionalandsocialsenseofselfthateverypersonhasandexpectseveryoneelsetorecognize.Politenessisshowingawarenessofanotherperson’sface.Ifyousaysomethingthatrepresentsathreattoanotherperson’sself-image,thatiscalledaface-threateningact.Forexample,ifyouuseadirectspeechacttoordersomeonetodosomething(Givemethatpaper!),youareactingasifyouhavemoresocialpowerthantheotherperson.Ifyoudonotactuallyhavethatsocialpower,thenyouareperformingaface-threateningact.Anindirectspeechact.intheformofaquestion(Couldyoupassmethatpaper,please?),removestheassumptionofsocialpower.Youappeartobeaskingaboutability.Thismakesyourrequestlessthreateningtotheotherperson’ssenseofself.Wheneveryousaysomethingthatlessensthepossiblethreattoanother’sface.It’scalledaface-savingact.Youhavebothanegativefaceandapositiveface.Yournegativefaceistheneedtobeindependentandtohavefreedomfromimposition.Yourpositivefaceisyourneedtobeconnected,tobelong,tobeamemberofthegroup.Thus,aface-savingactthatemphasizesaperson’snegativefacewillshowconcernaboutimposition(I’msorrytobotheryou...;Iknowyou’rebusy,but...).Aface-savingactthatemphasizesaperson’spositivefacewillshowsolidarityanddrawattentiontoacommongoal(Let’sdothistogether...;YouandIhavethesameproblem,so...).Ideasabouttheappropriatelanguagetomarkpolitenessdiffersubstantiallyfromoneculturetothenext.Ifyouhavegrownupinaculturethathasdirectnessasavaluedwayofshowingsolidarityandyouusedirectspeechacts(Pourmesomecoffee)topeoplewhosecultureismoreorientedtoindirectnessandavoidingdirectimposition,thenyouwillbeconsideredimpolite.You,inturn,maythinkoftheothersasvagueandunsureofwhattheywant.Ineithercase,itisthepragmaticsthatismisunderstoodand,unfortunately,muchmorewillbecommunicatedthanissaid.Understandinghowpeoplecommunicateisactuallyaprocessofinterpretingnotjustwhatspeakerssay,butwhatthey‘intendtomean’.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanexampleofface-threateningYousitWhydon’tyousitWouldyousitYou’reaskedtositWhichofthefollowingshowsconcernforaperson’snegativeI’mafraidyou’reYouknowyou’reIsorry,tosayyou’reAsisdiscussedinthepassage,Pragmaticsmainly aspeaker’sface-savingaspeaker’spositivefaceornegativewhatthespeakeraspeaker’simpliedThemostnoticeabletrendamongtoday’smediacompaniesisverticalintegration--anattempttocontrolseveralrelatedaspectsofthemediabusinessatonce.eachparthelpingtheother.Besidespublishingmagazinesandbooks.TimeWarner,forexample,ownsHomeBoxOffice(HBO).Warnermoviestudios,variouscableTVsystemsthroughouttheUnitedStatesandCNNaswell.TheJapanesecompanyMatsushitaownsMCARecordsandUniversalStudiosandmanufacturesbroadcastproductionequipment.Todescribethefinancialstatusoftoday’smediaisalsototalkaboutacquisitions.Themediaarebuyingandsellingeachotherinunprecedentednumbersandformingmediagroupstopositionthemselvesinthemarketplacetomaintainandincreasetheirprofits.In1986,thefirsttimebroadcastnetworkhadbeensold,twonetworksweresoldthatyear-ABCandMediaacquisitionshaveskyrocketedsince1980fortworeasons.Thefirstisthatmostbigcorporationstodayarepubliclytradedcompanies,whichmeansthattheirstockistradedononeofthenation’sstockexchanges.Thismakesacquisitionsrelativelyeasier.Amediacompanythatwantstobuyapubliclyownedcompanycanbuythatcompany’sstockwhenthestockbecomesavailable.TheopenavailabilityofstockinthesecompaniesmeansthatanybodywithenoughmoneycaninvestintheAmericanmediaindustries,whichisexactlyhowRupertMurdochjoinedthemediabusiness.Thesecondreasonfortheincreaseinmediaalliancesisthatbeginningin1980,theFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)graduallyderegulatedthebroadcastmedia.Before1980,forexample,theFCCallowedonecompanytoownonlyfiveTVstations,fiveAMradiostations,andfiveFMradiostations;companiesalsowererequiredtoholdontoastationforthreeyearsbeforethestationcouldbesold.Thepost-1980FCCeliminatedthethree-yearruleandraisedthenumberofbroadcastholdingsallowedforoneowner.Thistrendofmediaacquisitionsiscontinuingthroughoutthe1990s,aschangingtechnologyexpandsthemarketformediaproducts.Theissueofmediaownershipisimportant.Ifonlyafewcorporationsdirectthemediaindustriesinthiscountry,theoutletsfordifferingpoliticalviewpointsandinnovativeideascouldbelimited.WhichofthefollowingistreeoftheTheyusedtosellandbuyeachotheringreatTheyaretradingeachotheringreaternumbersTheyusedtobecontrolledbytwonetworks-ABCandTheyhavestoppedthetrendofacquisitionsintheAccordingtothepassage,whatmakesacquisitionsThechangingtechnologyemployedbytheThemedia’sincreasingprofitsintheTheevertougherregulationsoftheFCConthemediasinceTheavailabilityofthemedia’sstocksonstockWhatistheFCC’snewpolicyregardingmediaItallowscompaniestoselltheirstocksItdoesn’tallowcompaniestoselltheirstocksItpermitsonecompanytoownmoremediabusinessesatthesameItdoesnotimposeanyrestrictionsonthenumberofcompaniesonecanTheissueofmediaownershipisimportantbecause itaffectstheamountofmoneythestockholderswillitdecideswhetherwecanhavedifferentaspectsoftheitconcernsthechannelsthroughwhichtoexpressitmeansthatmoreandmorepeoplewillholdontoonlyafewPARAPHRASING(20points,4pointsExplainthefiveunderlinedsentencesinyourownwords,andgiveexamplestoillustrateyourexplanationifnecessary.WriteyouranswersonTHEANSWERSHEET.Culture,inanthropology,thepatternsofbehaviorandthinkingthatpeoplelivinginsocialgroupslearn,create,andshare.(1)Culturedistinguishesonehumangroupfromothers.Italsodistinguisheshumansfromotheranimals.Apeople’scultureincludestheirbeliefs,rulesofbehavior,language,rituals,art,technology,stylesofdress,waysofproducingandcookingfood,religion,andpoliticalandeconomicsystems.Cultureisthemostimportantconceptinanthropology(thestudyofallaspectsofhumanlife,pastandpresent).Anthropologistscommonlyusethetermculturetorefertoasociety,orgroupinwhichmanyorallpeopleliveandthinkinthesameways.Likewise,anygroupofpeoplewhoshareacommonculture－andinparticular,commonrulesofbehaviorandabasicformofsocialorganization－constitutesasociety.(2)Thus,thetermscultureandsocietyaresomewhatinterchangeable.However,whilemanyanimalsliveinsocieties,suchasherdsofelkorpacksofwilddogs,onlyhumanshaveculture.Culturehasseveraldistinguishingcharacteristics.Oneofthemisthatcultureisbasedonsymbols－abstractwaysofreferringtoandunderstandingideas,objects,feelings,orbehaviors－andtheabilitytocommunicatewithsymbolsusinglanguage.Peoplehavecultureprimarilybecausetheycancommunicatewithandunderstandsymbols.(3)Symbolsallowpeopletodevelopcomplexthoughtsandtoexchangethosethoughtswithothers.Languageandotherformsofsymboliccommunication,suchasart,enablepeopletocreate,explain,andrecordnewideasandinformation.(4)Asymbolhaseitheranindirectconnectionornoconnectionatallwiththeobject,idea,feeling,orbehaviortowhichitrefers.Forinstance,mostpeopleintheUnitedStatesfindsomemeaninginthecombinationofthecolorsred,white,andblue.Butthosecolorsthemselveshavenothingtodowithforinstance,thelandthatpeoplecalltheUnitedStates,theconceptofpatriotism,ortheU.S.nationalanthem,TheStarSpangledBanner.Toconveynewideas,peopleconstantlyinventnewsymbols,suchasformathematicalformulas.Inaddition,peoplemayuseonesymbol,suchasasingleword,torepresentmanydifferentideas,feelings,orvalues.Thus,symbolsprovideaflexiblewayforpeopletocommunicateevenverycomplexthoughtswitheachother.Forexample,onlythroughsymbolscanarchitects,engineers,andconstructionworkerscommunicatetheinformationnecessarytoconstructaskyscraperorbridge.(5)Peoplehavethecapacityatbirthtoconstruct,understand,andcommunicatethroughsymbols,primarilybyusinglanguage.Researchhasshown,forexample,thatinfantshaveabasicstructureoflanguage--sortofuniversalgrammar--builtintotheirminds.Infantsarethuspredisposedtolearnthelanguagesspokenbythepeoplearoundthem.WRITING(20WriteonyourANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout200wordstorespondtothefollowingstatement.Usespecificdetailstosupportyourargument.Intoday’sincreasinglytechnologicalsociety,manystudentsthinkthatcollegecoursesintheliberalarts(art,music,philosophy,literature)shouldbecancelled,becauseIntoday’sincreasinglytechnologicalsociety,manystudentsthinkthatcollegecoursesintheliberalarts(art,music,philosophy,literature)shouldbecancelled,becausetheydonotcontributemuchtotheircareerpreparation.DoyouagreeordisagreewiththeaboveAGrammar(20points,1point2. 3. 4. 5.6.