專題7.定語(yǔ)從句（原卷版）

定語(yǔ)從句一．知識(shí)解析在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ),修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句,叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,通常位于定語(yǔ)從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的是關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose等和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞位于先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,它既起連接作用,又充當(dāng)從句中的一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系詞作用先行詞例句that,who,whom主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)Doyouknowthegirlwho/thathasgotan“A”intheexam?你知道考試中得“A”的那個(gè)女孩嗎?that,which主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)Shegotaputerwhich/thatherparentsboughtforher.她有一臺(tái)電腦,這臺(tái)電腦是她父母給她買的。whose定語(yǔ)Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard.這個(gè)男孩學(xué)習(xí)非?？炭?他爸爸是位醫(yī)生。Theroomwhosewindowisopenismine.開(kāi)著窗戶的那個(gè)房間是我的。when狀語(yǔ)IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.我仍然記得你動(dòng)身去北京的那一天。where狀語(yǔ)Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks.這就是我媽媽工作的那個(gè)學(xué)校。why狀語(yǔ)Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解釋一下你遲到的原因嗎?1.關(guān)系代詞的用法一般情況下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ);which指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及介詞的賓語(yǔ);who在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ);whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ);whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如:Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterapatient.

先行詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)

分析:who是關(guān)系代詞,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。句意:醫(yī)生就是照顧病人的人。(1)下列情況下,先行詞指物時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用which引導(dǎo):①當(dāng)先行詞是等不定代詞時(shí)。如:Isthereanything(that)youdon’tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方嗎?Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.湯姆把發(fā)生的所有事情告訴了他的媽媽。②當(dāng)先行詞前面有修飾時(shí)。如:ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.這是我能找到的唯一一本書(shū)。③當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。如:ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我讀過(guò)的最好的書(shū)。④當(dāng)先行詞前面有等修飾時(shí)。如:IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把魯迅的著作全讀完。⑤當(dāng)主句是以疑問(wèn)詞which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)。如:Whichisthehotelthatyoulikebest?哪個(gè)是你最喜歡的旅店?(2)關(guān)系代詞的省略一般情況下,關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略,但關(guān)系代詞which,whom在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)并且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),不能省略。如:I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheclub.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我加入俱樂(lè)部的那一天。注意:that,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能省略。如:Whoistheboythatistalkingwithourteacher?正在和我們老師談話的那個(gè)男孩是誰(shuí)?2.關(guān)系副詞的用法(1)when表示時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:IstillremembertheyearwhenyougraduatedfromNo.8MiddleSchool.我依然記得你從八中畢業(yè)的那一年。(2)why表示原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一詞。如:Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.我們不知道他為什么上學(xué)遲到了。(3)where表示地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:ThatistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.那是我三年前就讀的學(xué)校。題組訓(xùn)練一、選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空1.Theboy(who;whom;which)isplayingpingpongismyclassmate.

2.Theonlyemail(who;that;which)Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.

3.Ihatepeople(that;which;whom)talkmuchbutdolittle.

4.Thehotel(which;that;where)westayedlastsummerisagoodone.

5.CanyouhelpmefindsomeinformationaboutEinstein(which;who;whom)Icanuseformyreport?

6.Thisisthemostamazingphoto(which;that;who)Ihaveeverseen.

隨堂練習(xí)1.YouRaiseMeUpisasong________bringsmemuchcourageinthefaceofchallenges.A.who B.when C.which D.where2.—Doyouknowtheboyoverthere?—Theoneisholdingaball?Oh,that’smyneighborPhil.A.what B.which C.who D.不填3.Mr.Brownisateacher__________isstrictwithallisstudents.A.which B.who C.where4.DuFuguoisaheroisknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.who B.which C.what5.Thebook__________Ireadlastnightwasfantastic.A.that B.what C.whose D.who6.Shewassoangryat__________hewasdoing__________shewalkedoutwithoutaword.A.what;thatB.that;whatC.what;whatD.that;that二1.—Whataretheytalkingabout?—Theyaretalkingaboutthegreatestinventions________havemadeabigdifferencetoourdailylife.A.which B.who C.that2.—DoyouknowLiZiqi?—Ofcourse.Sheisabeautifulgirl________hasmademanyvideostoshowatraditionalChinesewayoflife.A.whose B.where C.which D.who3.Thebook________coverhasabeautifulpictureisLily's.A.which B.whose C.that4.Thenurse_____________islookingaftertheoldmanisTom’ssister.A.which B.who C.what5.Indifficulttimes,therearealwaysnationalheroes________stepupandbringpeoplehope.A.whom B.which C.who6.LiWenliangisabravedoctor________isknowntomillionsofChinesepeople.A.who B.which C.what D.when7.We’llneverforgetthose________losttheirlivesforourcountry.A.who B.which C.whom8.DuFuisagreatChinesepoet________hasbeepopularwithmanypeoplearoundtheworld.A．which B．whom C．who9.Wealllikeedies__________makeusrelaxed.A.who B.that C.whom10.ThisistheCD_____________Iboughtlastyear.A.who B.that C.whom一Aladyoncewrotealongstory.Shesentittoafamouseditor.After__1__weekstheeditor__2__thestorytoher.Theladywas__3__.Shewortebacktotheeditor:“DearSir,Yesterdayyousentbackastoryofmine.__4__doyouknowthatthestoryisnotgood?Youdidnotreadit.__5__Isentyouthestory,Ipastedtogetherpages18,19and20.Thiswasa__6__toseewhetheryouwouldreadthestory.Whenthestorycamebackyesterday,thepageswere__7__pastedtogether.Isthisthe__8__youreadallthestoriesthataresenttoyou?”Theeditorwroteback:“DearMadam,__9__breakfastwhenIhaveanegg,I__10__eatthewholeegginordertodiscoverthatitisbad.”1.A.few B.afew C.little D.alittle2.A.gave B.cameback C.handed D.returned3.A.angry B.happy C.satisfied D.glad4.A.How B.Why C.What D.Where5.A.After B.Until C.Before D.Since6.A.lesson B.test C.question D.thing7.A.already B.still C.even D.yet8.A.work B.check C.road D.way9.A.On B.Onthe C.At D.Atthe10.A.mustnot B.havenotto C.neednotto D.don’thaveto二Greenlandisthelargestislandintheworld.Itisinthe1ofEurope.NearGreenlandisanotherisland.Itissmall.Its2isIceland.DoyouthinkthatGreenlandisgreenandwarm?DoyouthinkthatIcelandiswhitewithice?Ifyoudo,youare3.NotmanypeopleliveonthebigislandofGreenland.There4morepeopleinyourhometownthaninallofGreenland.ThatisbecauseGreenlandisnotgreen.Greenlandis5.Mostoftheislandiscoveredwithlotsofice.TheicecoveringGreenlandis6thantheworld'stallestbuilding.What__7Iceland?Isitcolder