新高考英語二輪復習題型專練15 閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解題(原卷版)

高考英語二輪復習題型專練（新高考）15閱讀理解之細節(jié)理解題【考試方向】細節(jié)理解題要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節(jié)進行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年這種題型較少；3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；4.以填空題的形式，如：（1）Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.（2）Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.（3）Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.（4）Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.（5）Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.（6）Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問。做細節(jié)理解題時，大多數(shù)學生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時，不必通篇細看原文，而常?？刹扇　皫е鴨栴}找答案”的方法．先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認和記憶事實或細節(jié)，就要恰當?shù)剡\用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句．仔細品味，對照比較．確定答案。除了運用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用排除法．將“無此細節(jié)”和“與此細節(jié)相反”的選項排除。了解細節(jié)題干擾選項的特點也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下，干擾項有如下幾個特點：（1）是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；（2）符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容；（3）與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在程度上有些變動；（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正確，部分錯誤。有的細節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認不要求讀者對客觀的事實作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時還要求讀者記住重要細節(jié)，在必要的時候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時候）能夠準確而迅速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達相同的意思。有的細節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷．此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。值得一提的是，有時原文中的信息可能只是一個短語，甚至一個單詞，因此需要我們在閱讀中特別仔細才能捕捉到真正有用的信息?！窘獯鸺记伞?.描寫類細節(jié)題描寫類細節(jié)題，常?？疾榭忌鷮ξ闹杏嘘P(guān)人物動作、思想感情、心理活動、觀點，或事件的起因、發(fā)展、過程、結(jié)果等方面的理解。這類描寫信息往往較直接，一般不太需要考生對它們進行較深入的理解，對于該類題，考生一般都可以較直接地從原文中找到與題目對應的有關(guān)信息。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020·海南高考真題）InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃動）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飛機）ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem."Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.B.ItswayedviolentlyinastrongwindC.ItsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehiclesD.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.2.WhichofthefollowingisDr.Petroski'sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?A.NodesigniswellreceivedeverywhereB.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.C.NotalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesignD.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.3.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Failurecanleadtoprogress. B.SuccessresultsinoverconfidenceC.Failureshouldbeavoided. D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.4.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport B.Ashortstory.C.Abookreview D.Aresearcharticle.【答案】1.A2.C3.A4.C【分析】這是一篇議論文。主要講述了對彼得羅斯基博士的書《原諒設計：理解失敗》的評論，工程設計可能會因為某些原因帶來失敗，但失敗才能帶來進步。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金門大橋舉行了一個50歲生日聚會。這座橋禁止機動車通行，人們可以在橋上散步。組織者預計將有5萬人到場。相反，多達80萬人擠滿了通往大橋的道路。當25萬人在橋上時，工程師們注意到了一個可怕的現(xiàn)象：路面在被要求承載的最重荷載作用下變得平了。更糟的是，它開始晃動。因此可以看出，金門大橋50歲生日那天，它的重量超過了它的承受能力。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可知，雖然他承認工程設計可能會因為那些想出或設計它們的人只是把事情弄錯了失敗，但在這本書中，彼得羅斯基博士拓寬了他的視野，考慮了這種失敗發(fā)生的更大背景。有時，由于一個好的設計是用不合格的低質(zhì)量材料建造的，所以裝置會失敗。或者，一個設計工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是無害的改進，直到突然間，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推測出，根據(jù)第三段，不是所有的災難都是由工程設計引起的是彼得羅斯基博士的想法。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進步。因此可以看出，A項與此相呼應，即失敗能帶來進步，故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，這個故事是《原諒設計：理解失敗》一書中的一個，這本書既是對工程的一封情書，也是對其崩潰的贊歌。并且后面兩段都在寫這本書里的內(nèi)容以及評價，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，讀者不僅會遇到他們以前聽過的故事，還會遇到一些新的故事和關(guān)于工程師對公眾的責任以及如何幫助年輕工程師掌握它們的動人討論。再結(jié)合最后一段“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進步。因此可以推測出，這些內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于這本書的評論，因為這篇文章是書評，故選C。2.信息尋找題、廣告閱讀題信息尋找題一般在應用文體中較常見，體現(xiàn)于查字典、閱讀廣告、公告、演出海報、車船航班時間表等之中。這類閱讀材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能滿足各種人對信息的需求，但在高考試題中，常常是就某一方面提問，考生完全沒有必要從頭到尾仔細閱讀，因為材料中有很多冗余無效信息。做此類題時，宜采用“題干定全法”。即：先閱讀題干，然后根據(jù)問題要求，有針對性地閱讀相關(guān)部分快速尋找有效信息。廣告是閱讀理解題常考的一種題材。廣告屬應用文體。嚴格來說廣告屬快速尋找信息題。但是廣告有著其他快速尋找信息題不同的特點。廣告文體簡潔明快，省略了大量的詞語，達到了篇幅小、信息多的目的。同時具有語言精練，形象性、鼓動性強的良好效果。廣告閱讀題多為細節(jié)理解題，關(guān)鍵在于正確理解廣告內(nèi)容?？忌仨毦邆漭^強的語言運用能力，熟悉文化背景，利用各種手段（如：補全、聯(lián)想、推測等）正確解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。通常運用“補全成分法”和“聯(lián)想推測法”兩種方法來解讀廣告的內(nèi)容。做題方法同樣采用“題干定向法”。（1）補全成分法省略名在廣告體閱讀材料中大量出現(xiàn)，可以說廣告閱讀理解材料中大多數(shù)句子都是省略句。我們應結(jié)合全文語境及邏輯關(guān)系將省略句補全，從而更加準確地理解。如：Driverwanted.根據(jù)文義，可將該句補充為：Adriverwillbewanted.(招聘一名司機)。（2）聯(lián)想推測法在些廣告時間、日期、地點、電話、票價等用了縮略詞，甚至一概沒有提及，這就需要考生前后連貫，充分想象，整體理解。搜尋已知信息，推斷語篇意義?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】（2020·海南高考真題）PaliOvernightAdventuresofferschildrenandteensexcitingexperiencesthissummer.Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.BroadcastingCampBecomethenextstarreporter,newswriter,directororproducer.Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.Everynightitgoesontheweb,keepingparentsandtheworldinformedofthehappeningsatPali.SecretAgentCampInthemovieMissionImpossible,TomCruisemadebeingasecretagentseemlikethecoolestjobever.Camperswhosignupforthe2-weeksecretagentcampcangettoknowaboutthelifeofrealsecretagentsbylearningstrategiesandmilitaryskillsonthepaintballfield.CulinaryCampIfyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.StreetArtCampThiscamptakescreativelicensetoanentirelynewlevel.Camperswillsharetheircolorfulideasandimaginationwitheachotherandworktogethertovisualize,sketchandpaintwithnon-traditionaltechniquestocreatethecoolestmuralwhichwillbedisplayedinpublicforalltosee.5.HowmanycampsdoesPaliOvernightAdventuresofferthissummer?A.2. B.4. C.17. D.21.6.WhatwillcampersdoattheBroadcastingCamp?A.Createawebsite. B.Runanewsstation.C.Meetastarreporter. D.Holdadinnerparty.7.Whichcampwillattractchildrenwhoareinterestedincooking?A.BroadcastingCamp. B.SecretAgentCamp.C.CulinaryCamp D.StreetArtCamp.【答案】5.C6.B7.C【分析】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了四個不同類型的夏令營的情況。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Frombroadcastingtostreetart,thesearejust4ofthe17highlyuniquecampsbeingoffered.”可知從廣播到街頭藝術(shù)，這只是17個非常獨特的營地中的4個。由此可知，今年夏天巴利島有17個露營地。故選C。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whilerunningeveryaspectofourownnewsstation,kidsandtheirfellowcamperswillcreateandhostabroadcastairingeachnightatdinnerfortheentirecamp.”可知在經(jīng)營好我們自己的新聞電臺的方方面面的同時，孩子們和他們的營員們將在每天晚上的晚餐時，為整個夏令營創(chuàng)作并主持播出一個廣播。由此可知，營員在廣播營會經(jīng)營一家新聞電臺。故選B。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ifyourchildenjoysbeinginthekitchen,thentheculinarycampisdefinitelytherightfit.Camperslearntechnicalskillsofroasting,fryingandcutting,aswellassomerecipesthattheycantakehomeandsharewiththeirfamilies.”可知如果你的孩子喜歡呆在廚房里，那么烹飪夏令營絕對是最合適的選擇。露營者學習烘焙、油炸和切菜的技術(shù)技能，以及一些他們可以帶回家和家人分享的食譜。由此可知，CulinaryCamp會吸引對烹飪感興趣的孩子。故選C。3.數(shù)據(jù)計算題此類試題一般要求考生能根據(jù)閱讀材料中給出的有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，找出計算關(guān)系，通過計算，得出正確的結(jié)論。這類計算一般來說比較簡單，關(guān)鍵是要弄清各數(shù)據(jù)間的邏輯關(guān)系，選準比較的數(shù)據(jù)，弄清單位換算關(guān)系，確定計算方法，問題便迎刃而解了。對于數(shù)據(jù)較多、項目復雜用時間或空間跨度較大的短文，通?？刹捎谩傲斜矸ā?，即按一定的規(guī)律將數(shù)據(jù)分門別類地列出，化模糊為清晰，為計算打下基礎(chǔ)。對于相對不太復雜的數(shù)據(jù)，可采用“推算法”，即以有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)為基準，進行簡單的運算就可得出。例如：…......Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.…30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800 B.About3,400C.About2,400 D.About1,200【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.和Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.可知，目前世界上大約有6800種語言，但是講的人數(shù)少于6000人的占一半即3400.故選B。4.圖文轉(zhuǎn)換題此類試題要求根據(jù)短文中的描寫找出相應的圖形，或根據(jù)圖形選出相應的文字?？刹捎谩拔淖宙i定法”，即找出描述圖形的句段，按“文”鎖“圖”，迅速鎖定相關(guān)圖形，或用“圖形標示法”，在圖形中標出相應的內(nèi)容，以便做題。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2015，四川卷）50.Thecardaboveis_________A.aticket B.apostcardC.aninvitation D.anadvertisement51.Thepartyisfor_________A.abirthdayB.theQueenC.beewatchingD.theNationalDay52.Accordingtothecard,ifyouareunabletogo,youcan.A.returnthecardB.visittheMuseumC.ignorethemessageD.contactAlice'smother【答案】50.C51.A52.D【解析】這是一張邀請函，是為了慶祝Alice的兩歲生日。50.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的wearethrowingaparty以及comebugwithus.可知，這是一張邀請函，故選擇C。51.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的Aliceisturning2，可知，是為了慶祝生日的，故選擇A。52.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中的regretstotheQueenBeeat601-555-4111可知如果不能來，請打電話給媽媽，故選擇D。5.代詞指代題解題技能代詞指代題要求考生一定的上下文推測代詞的指代意義。此類題一般是在人物或事物關(guān)系比較復雜的情況下使用的一種題型，所以理清人物及事物之間的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在。【真題再現(xiàn)】（2016·新課標卷III））OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSlidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.＂Hey,aren’tyoufromMississippi?＂theelegant,white-hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.＂I’mfromMississippitoo.＂Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.＂TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi,＂Weltysaid.＂Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.＂TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippistatereunion(團聚).＂Myfriendssaid:‘Nowwebelieveyourstories,’＂Weltyadded.＂AndIsaid:‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’＂Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation.＂Idon’tmakethemup,＂shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontheselast50orsoyears.＂Idon’thaveto.＂Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty’speoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment(片段)ofaparticularlyinterestingstory.26.Theunderlinedword＂them＂inParagraph6referstoWelty’s_______.A.readers B.parties C.friends D.stories【文章大意】文章介紹了一位女作家請紐約的朋友吃飯時發(fā)生的故事。Welty是一位年紀比較大的作家，她來自密西西比。Welty的作品都是來自于現(xiàn)實的生活。26.D【解析】畫線的them指代前面提到的人或物，根據(jù)＂Nowwebelieveyourstories＂可知，them指代的是Welty寫的小說里面的故事，聽了Welty和兩個陌生人的有關(guān)密西西比的談話之后，Welty的朋友相信了Welty小說里的故事都是來源于生活，故選D?！绢}型演練】1APakistanimanwhowasbornwithoutarmshasdevelopedintoahighlyskilledsnookerplayer.Inthegameofsnooker,playerstraditionallyuselongstickstohitcoloredballsintoholesattheendofatable.ButMuham-madIkramhaslearnedadifferentmethod.Heuseshischin(下巴)tohittheballsintotheholes.MuhammadIkramisoneofninechildren.Hedidnotreceiveaneducationandhisfamilyfacedstrugglesmeetingbasicneeds.Growingup,Ikramspentmuchofhistimewatchingpeopleplaysnooker,agamenoonedreamedhecouldeverplay.Hesayshedoesnotrememberexactlyhowtheideaofplayingstruckhim.Butatsomepoint,hestartedpracticingthegameinsecret.“Hewouldeagerlywatchotherboysplay.Hewouldkeepwishinghealsohadarmssohecouldplaylikethem,”saidhismother,RaziaBibi.“Thenhestartedusinghischin.”The32-year-oldlivesinSamundri,aruraltowninPakistan’sPunjabprovince.Hehasspenteightyearsperfectinghisgameandsaysheisnotafraidtotakeonanyplayers.“IhavemetverygoodsnookerplayerswhotellmeIamarealgeniusandIcanbringgreatfametoPakistan,”hetoldReutersTelevision.MianUsmanAhmedisco-owneroftheCuemasterSnookerClub.HesaysIkramwonseveralprizesinlocalcompetitionsoverthepasttwoyears.“Hewouldcometotheclubandaskifhecouldbeallowedtoplay.Wewouldlookathisarmsandfeelhewasunableto,”Ahmedsaid.“Heinsistedweallowhimtoprovehimself.Whenhedidthat,wesawhewasactuallyverygood.”Whenaskedwhathewouldsaytootherswithphysicaldisabilities,Ikramsaid,“Nooneshouldlosehope.”Headdedthathewouldonedayliketocompeteattheinternationallevel,hopefullywithgovernmentsupport.1.WhatpossiblycontributedtoIkram’sbecomingasnookerplayer?A.Theideaofsupportinghisfamily.B.Theencouragementfromhismother.C.Thehobbyofwatchingsnookergames.D.Thedesiretosetanexampletothedisabled.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutIkramfromPara.3?A.Hehasbroughtfametohiscountry.B.Hehaswonfirstprizeinlocalsnookergames.C.Hisskillsofplayingsnookerwerehighlythoughtof.D.Hismethodofplayingsnookershockedotherplayers.3.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeIkram?A.Kind-heartedandgifted. B.Inspiringanddetermined.C.Energeticandintelligent. D.Activeandoutgoing.4.WhatwasIkram’swish?A.Tobecomeaprofessionalsnookerplayer.B.Tocompeteininternationalsnookergames.C.Toreceiveeducationwithgovernmentsupport.D.Toopenasnookerclubdesignedforthedisabled.2Vice-directorinEurope/DirectorUNUInstituteforEnvironmentandHumanSecurityDutyStation:Bonn,GermanyTheUnitedNationsUniversity(UNU)hasbeenathinktankforfairresearchonthepressingglobalproblemsofhumansurvival,conflictprevention,developmentandwelfare,forthepastfourdecades.UNUisre-cruitingaDirectorfortheUNUInstituteforEnvironmentandHumanSecurity(UNU-EHS)whowillmeanwhileserveasUNU’sVice-directorinEurope,dividinghis/hertimeequallybetweenbothpositions.TheInstitution:UNU-EHSaimstocarryoutresearchonrisksandadaptationrelatedtoglobalchange.TheInstitute’sresearchpromotespoliciesandprogrammestoreducetheserisks,whiletakingintoaccountthecon-nectionbetweenenvironmentalandsocietalfactors.Qualifications:TheDirectorshouldhaveacademicqualificationsthatlendtoUNU-EHSfameintheinter-nationalscholarlycommunity;guaranteescientificexcellence;andprovideleadershipandguidanceforactivitiesatUNU-EHSandUNU-ViE.Experience:Strongresearchbackgroundandpublicationsinareasrelatedtoaddressingrisksandsocietalchange.Demonstratedadministrationexperience.Successfulinfluencingofpolicymakers.Strongcontributionstoknowledgesharingcommunities.Stronginternationalfundraisingskillsandpastsuccessinsecuringsupportfrommultiplefunders.FluencyinEnglishisrequired.FluencyinGermanandofficiallanguagesoftheUnitedNationsisdesira-ble.Applicationdeadline:12January2020Fulldetailsofthepositionandhowtoapply:https://unu.edu/about/hr5.What’stheaimoftheUNU?A.ProvidequalifiedgraduatesforUNorganizations.B.Researchfairwaystodealwithglobalproblems.C.Workoutpoliciesforgovernmentsandcountries.D.Lookintopositiveeffectofenvironmentalchanges.6.What’sthequalificationforthepostadvertised?A.Scientificexcellenceandleadershipabilities. B.GoodcommandofallUNofficiallanguages.C.Abilitiestopreventsocialregionalconflicts. D.AdequateknowledgeofUNUstructures.7.Whatkindofexperienceisrequiredforthepost?A.HavingtakenleadershipatUNU-EHSbefore.B.Havingorganizedresearchonalargepublicscale.C.Havingcontributedtosponsoringgovernmentevents.D.Havingsucceededraisingmoneyfromdifferentpeople.3Inthefirsttermofcollege,ProfessorKellylecturedusinhisActing1classabouttheimportanceoftakingthebusinessofactingseriously.AsIpreparetotakeonmysenioryear,IthinkbackonthefirsttermandIconsidermyseriousnessandmylovefortheartoftheatre.I'mpleasedtosaythat,forthemostpart,mydeterminationremainsasstrongasever.EvenafterI'velearnedaboutthedifficultiesandtheheartbreakthatgowithworkingasanactor,Iknowthatitisstilltherightpathforme.SomethingProfessorKellysaidinthatfirstactingclasshasstuckwithmethroughtheselastthreeyears.Hesaid,"Everyactorchoosestoactfortheirownreasons—personallyIdoitbecauseIhaveto.Ihavetoperform.It'swholam."ForaslongasI'vebeenperforming,I'vewonderedhowtobestdescribewhyIdowhatIdo.ProfessorKellyansweredthatquestionformethatday.WhenIwaslittleandfirstimaginedwhatitwouldbeliketobearealactor,Iwouldimaginebeingknownaboutbymanypeoplesomeday.However,Ineveractuallywantedthat.Iactbecausenomatterwhatisgoingoninmylife，nomatterhowstressedIamwithwhat'shappeningoutsideoforduringpractices,whenI'monstage,I'mhomeandI'mme.Manyparentswillfeelworriedabouttheirchildren'schoosingtobeanactor.Somewillbesurprised.Myparentsarejustexceptions.TheyknewfromthestartthatnothingwasgoingtokeepmefromdoingwhatIlove.8.WhatdidProfessorKelly'swordsmaketheauthorrealize?A.Shedidactingoutoflove. B.Shereallyhadagiftforacting.C.Shewouldfacemanychallenges. D.Shemustworkhardtolearnacting.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph3referto?A.Imaginingbeinganactor. B.Beingonstage.C.Becomingfamousoneday. D.Beingdevotedtotheatre.10.Howdotheauthor'sparentsfeelaboutherchoice?A.Content. B.Sympathetic. C.Concerned. D.Disappointed.11.Whatistheauthormainlytalkingaboutinthetext?A.Whyshechoseacting. B.Whoinspiredhertoact.C.Howactingchangedherlife. D.Whatshelearnedaboutacting.4Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.Hismother,SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwithadisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn'tmissoutonthefunthingsinlife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheCOVID-19started.HeandhismothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruary,justbeforethebordersclosed.Itwastheseventhandfinalcontinentoffhislist.Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalsocalluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaimtobe.WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren'tmanyonlineresourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilitiesexploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydeterminedandkeepapositiveattitude,theopportunitiesarelimitless."12.WhatmadeCoryLeedecidetovisitallsevencontinents?A.Hismother'sexpectation.B.Histravellingexperiences.C.Hisdreamofhelpingothers.D.Hisobjectiveofmakingahistory.13.WhatworriesCorymostaboutatrip?A.Rentalfees.B.Localattractions.C.Accommodation.D.Transportation.14.WhydidCoryandhismotherwritethebook?A.Toenrichonlineresources.B.Torecordtravellingevents.C.Tohelppeoplewithspecialneeds.D.Tointroducewheelchairadventures.15.WhatcanwelearnfromCory'sstory?A.Nothingcanpreventadeterminedheart.B.Disabilitycanturnintoanopportunity,C.Travellingshapesapositiveattitude.D.Momisthecreatorofchildren'sdreams.5Iwasinvitedtogiveaspeechataneducators,conference.IhappenedtositnexttoClayParker,theCEOofatechnologycompanythatmakesmicroelectronicsdevices.Forthelastfewyears,I’dbeenreadingabouttherapidlychangingworldofworkandwasincreasinglyconcernedthatstudentsarenotpreparedfortoday’sworkplace.Buriedinbookknowledge,universitystudentstalklikeabookandalwayspassexamswithflyingcolours.However,whenfacingHRstaffinsteadoftheirteachers,whattheyhavelearnedseemsuseless.SoIaskedParkerwhatqualitieshemostwantedinapotentialnewemployee.Iexpectedalistoftechnicalskills-especiallysinceParkerisanengineerhimself-butIwaswayoffthemark.“First,Ilookforsomeonewhoasksgoodquestions,”Parkerresponded.“Ourbusinessischanging,andsoaretheskillsofourengineers.Wecanteachthemthetechnicalstuff.Butforemployeeswillingtosolveproblemsortolearnnewthings,theyhavetoknowwhatquestionstoask.Andwecan’tteachthemhowtoaskgoodquestions-howtothink.Theabilitytoasktherightquestionsreflectsgoodthinkingability,themostimportantquality.”Indeed,theabilitytoaskgoodquestionshasbeenarepeatedthemeinalmostallofmyconversationsaboutcorecompetencesandskillsforsuccessintoday’sworkplace.Itturnsoutthataskinggoodquestionsgoeshandinhandwithproblemsolvingabilityinthemindsofmostemployers.Thestudentshavealwaysbeenbroughtuptoliveuptoacertainstandardandsomuchemphasishasbeenputonfixedrulesandgivingtheexpectedansweroftheirteachersinsteadofraisingaquestion.Weteachersarealwaysblamingthestudentsforgivingwronganswers.Perhapsweshouldaskourselveswhetherwearealwaysaskingtherightquestions.16.WhydidtheauthoraskParkerthequestion?A.TobringtheCEO’sattentiontoeducation.B.Tocollectinformationabouthiscompany.C.Toaskforhisopinionabouttheconference.D.Toknowhisrequirementsfornewemployees.17.Whatdocsunderlined"offthemark"inparagraph2mean?A.Mistaken. B.Notqualified.C.Confused. D.Notprofessional.18.WhatdoesParkervaluehisemployeesfor?A.Teamwork. B.Thinkingability.C.Technicalskills. D.Professionalknowledge.19.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoHuntforaJobB.AskingQuestionsMattersC.AnEncounterwithaCEOD.Problem-solvingMakesaDifference6It'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,

publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedonresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeisteemingwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms.Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores（真菌孢子）,ar